Abstract：In order to clarify the quality characteristics of screw pepper，the fl avor quality related indexes（types and contents of capsaicinoids，volatile compounds，etc）and some other quality indexes of smoothskinned pepper‘Sujiao No.9’（S9，as control）and 9 varieties of screw pepper fruits（green ripening stage） were determined，and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using membership function and principal component analysis（PCA）methods．The results showed that the capsaicinoids content of screw pepper varied，with the spiciness level of 7-8．A total of 222 volatile compounds were detected in 10 varieties of pepper，among which screw peppers were 28-62 more than smooth-skinned pepper（S9）and the average content was 55.19% higher．The main aroma types of screw pepper were green，floral and aldehydic，and the aroma-active compounds such as hexanal，（E）-2-Hexenal，octanal and 1-Octen-3-ol might be the key compounds to form the unique flavor of screw pepper．In addition，compared with smooth-skinned pepper S9，the fruit hardness of screw peppers were 36.44%-47.97% lower，and the vitamin C content were 17.09%-
95.47% higher．The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the fruit quality score ranking of screw pepper was higher than that of smooth-skinned pepper（S9）．Overall，screw pepper has the advantages of low hardness，high vitamin C content，rich volatile compounds and intense fl avor，and the fruit quality is better than smooth-skinned pepper．

Abstract：In order to establish a practical quality evaluation system for fresh edible cucumber，this study took 31 cucumber varieties collected from 3 ecological types as test materials，carried out fl avor sensory index evaluation，and combined with nutritional quality index，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis method．The results showed that：among the North China type cucumber varieties，the flavor sensory evaluation of‘Shuyancuiyu’was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.83；among the South China cucumber varieties，‘Tangshan autumn cucumber’ flavor sensory evaluation was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.50；among the European greenhouse cucumber varieties，‘Lvyuanxingfu’flavor had the best sensory evaluation，with a comprehensive score of 30.65．Five principal components were obtained by principal component analysis，covering 77.612% of the original information．The comprehensive scores of 31 cucumber varieties were obtained by establishing a comprehensive quality evaluation model F =0.315F1 + 0.265F2 + 0.163F3 + 0.145F4 + 0.112F5．The South China cucumber variety‘ Tiantianzhai’，the North China cucumber variety‘ Shuyancuiyu’，and the European greenhouse cucumber variety‘ Thumb fruit cucumber’，scored the highest among their respective ecological types，which can be used as diff erent types of fresh cucumber varieties for selection and application．The results of this study provided theoretical basis and technical support for variety selection and quality evaluation of fresh cucumber．

China is the world’s largest producer of vegetables，with vegetables being the primary export category of Chinese agricultural products，accounting for 16.157% of agricultural exports in 2022．In the context of the RCEP agreement’s signing and implementation，it is highly significant to explore the status and potential of China’s vegetable trade with its partners to deepen the positive eff ects of exports and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese vegetables．The study utilizes panel data of China’s vegetable export trade to RCEP partners from 2006 to 2022，constructs a stochastic frontier gravity model and a trade inefficiency model，empirically analyzes China’s trade efficiency and its influencing factors with respect to RCEP partners，and measures the export potential of each country．The results indicate that the economic level，population size，economic disparity，vegetable yields，and trade environment of China and RCEP partners significantly impact vegetable exports．The rule of law，economic institutional environment，and infrastructure level of RCEP partners positively infl uence the effi ciency of vegetable exports．However，the level of integrity in export destinations and improvements in government effi ciency，conversely，negatively aff ect trade effi ciency．The average effi ciency of China’s vegetable exports to RCEP partners over the years is 0.667，though there are signifi cant diff erences among the countries within the RCEP partnership．China should continue to enhance the quality of its vegetable exports，expedite the implementation of the RCEP agreement，and further expand the depth and breadth of its cooperation with RCEP partners to reduce trade resistance and promote the continued growth of vegetable export volumes.

Abstract：In 2024，the general market prices of vegetables predominantly adhered to the typical pattern of annual seasonal fluctuations．Nevertheless，during the summer-autumn periods，the prices tended to operate at relatively elevated levels．Owing to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions and their sustained eff ects，it is anticipated that the upward trajectory of vegetable prices in the current winter and the forthcoming spring will be less steep compared to previous years，with a potentially longer duration of the price-increasing cycle．Taking into account the fact that the overall vegetable prices were on the higher side in 2024 and the acreage under cultivation has increased year-on-year，it is projected that the overall supply of vegetables in the spring of 2025 will be ensured．

Abstract：‘Huangti No.1’is a new yellow-flesh small-fruit watermelon F₁ hybrid，which developed by crossing inbred line‘Tianyi 2054’as female parent and‘Huangti 1804’as male parent．The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor．It is of early-maturing，with total growth period of about 107 days and fruit development period of about 35 days in spring facility cultivation．The fruit shape is nearly round，with light green rind and sharp-toothed stripes．The flesh color is light yellow，tender and juicy taste，with central soluble solids content of 12.1% and edge soluble solids content of 8.5%．The single fruit weight is about 3.2 kg， and the yield is about 45 t · hm-2．It is resistance to Fusarium wilt，and moderate resistance to anthracnose．It is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang，Shanghai，Jiangsu under spring greenhouse conditions．

Vegetable is an important part of the ‘Vegetable Basket Project’．In 2023，the market price of vegetables basically conformed to the regularity of seasonal fluctuations throughout the year，with running at a high level，and the decline in vegetable prices in summer was not obvious as usual years．Affected by several cold-air outbreaks and compensatory rising factors，it is expected that the price of vegetables in winter and spring will rise significantly compared with previous years，and may remain high for a period of time after the Spring Festival．Considering that the overall price of vegetables in 2023 is high，the area in the field has increased than 2022，the supply of shelf-stable vegetables such as cabbage and radish exceeds demand，the vegetables in the northern facilities and the vegetables of ‘southern vegetables-northern transportation’ are on the market steadily，and the cold-air outbreak in some producing areas has been affected but the possibility of resuming supply is high，and it is expected that the supply of vegetables in the spring of 2024 will be generally guaranteed．Overall，in the context of loose total vegetable supply and optimal structure，it is recommended to accelerate the development of characteristic vegetables，optimize the layout of facility vegetables，promote green transformation，stabilize the supply chain，upgrade the industrial chain，and give full play to the important role of the vegetable industry in promoting rural revitalization．

The overall market situation for potatoes in China in 2024 is sluggish,with the monthly wholesale average price of potatoes consistently lower than the same period in 2023.The annual price of potatoes in 2024 is in the low position of the past decade.It is expected that the potato market price will remain lower than the same period in 2024 in the early part of 2025,and the potato market price will increase year-on-year in the later part.At present,the potato industry in China still faces problems such as increasingly serious soil borne diseases,weak international competitiveness of potato starch,and urgent need to improve order fulfillment rates．It is recommended that all regions strengthen the prevention and control of soil borne diseases,support the development of potato processing industry,improve the mechanism of interest linkage between enterprises and farmers,and promote the high-quality development of China’s potato industry．

In order to select tomato varieties with excellent quality and suitable for consumer demand，15 palatable tomato varieties were used as materials to determine the relevant indexes of fruit commercial quality and nutritional quality，and the comprehensive quality of each variety was evaluated and compared by using the method of the affiliation function，correlation analysis of genetic variations，principal component analysis and cluster analysis．The results showed that there were large differences in quality and taste among the varieties；genetic variation and correlation analysis showed that quality traits such as soluble sugar content，sugar-acid ratio，total phenolic content and tomato taste were closely related；the results obtained by using principal component analysis had a high degree of similarity with those obtained by manual tasting evaluation and analysis by the subordinate function method，and three varieties with better overall quality were selected by combining the subordinate function method and the principal component analysis method P124，P190 and P209，with high taste evaluation scores，high nutrient contents of lycopene，VC，flavonoids and total phenols，high soluble sugar content and suitable sugar-acid ratio，good taste and rich flavor，and good promotion value．

‘Jingyanyutian 156’is a new fruit cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘LB1817’as maternal parent and‘MSR-1’as paternal parent．The plant has strong growth vigor and belongs to gynoecious type．The fruits primarily set on the main stem．It is of early maturity．Its fruit is about 13 cm in length with short cylindrical shape，greenish-white peel，no wart and inconspicuous small black spines．Its fruit fl esh is light green，sweet and crispy with faint scent．The soluble solid content of fruit flesh is 4.2%，and VC content is 96.2 mg·kg-1．It is resistant to downy mildew，powdery mildew，and mid-resistant to cucumber mosaic virus（CMV）．It is tolerant to low temperature and weak light．The high yield in overwinter greenhouse cultivation can reach 165 t·hm-2．It is suitable to be cultivated in overwinter greenhouses and under spring protected fi elds in areas of Northern China．

This study analyzed the current fertilization status and fertilization effects on major leafy vegetables in China based on literature. The rates of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium recommendation and the fertilization effects including the relative yield，the yield increase，the yield increase rate，the yield response，and agronomic efficiency of nutrients were discussed. The limiting factors affecting leafy vegetable yield are mainly nitrogen，followed by potassium，and then phosphorus. Recommended fertilization in leafy vegetables reduced the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer，increased the amount of potassium fertilizer，while increased the yield compared to conventional fertilization used by farmers. Therefore，suitable fertilizer recommendation method for leafy vegetables is an effective way to save fertilizer and improve efficiency.

‘Baibeibei’is an early-maturing mini pumpkin F₁ hybrid by crossing inbred line ‘P3012’ as female parent and ‘P3072’ as male parent．The fruit development period is about 40 days，and the whole growth period is about 95 days in spring and 90 days in autumn．The plant exhibits strong growth potential，with dark green leaves and distinctive white silver spots near the leaf veins．The main vine produces an average of 5 to 6 fruits per plant．The fruit is of oblate，with average transverse diameter of 9.0 cm and longitudinal diameter of 6.4 cm．It features a medium-sized umbilicus，1.5 cm thick flesh and aver age single fruit weight of 250.0 g．The peel is white with shallow furrows．The flesh is milky yellow，powdery，glutinous and sweet taste．It is goo d quality，with the total sugar content is 7.5%，and the soluble solid content is 16.8%．It has good storage ability，and stronger resistance to downy mildew and gray mold t o the contrast ‘Jugua ’in fields．The yield is about 24 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for spring and autumn protected cultivation in most areas of China．

In order to develop a seedling substrate mainly composed of decomposed rice husks，based on the determination of the physicochemical properties of single substrates such as decomposed rice husks，11 kinds of seedling formulas composed of decomposed rice husks were preliminarily determined according to the substrate physicochemical property model．The fruit vegetable seedling（tomato）and leaf vegetable seedling（lettuce）were used as test materials to further screen and determine the substrate formula suitable for the growth of vegetable seedlings．The results showed that the EC value and bulk density of decomposed rice husk were suitable，but the water holding pore was small，which was not suitable as a seedling substrate material alone．The composite desirability values of 11 substrate formulations predicted by the model were（0.91-0.98），which were all within the range of suitable indicators of seedling substrate，and the relative error between the measured values of physical and chemical properties of 11 substrate formulations and the predicted values of the model was small，ranging from 3.23% to 9.63%．The decomposed rice husk after mixing could meet the growth needs of vegetable seedling stage. Among them，the mixed substrate of decomposed rice husk∶vermiculite∶perlite with（6∶2∶2）had the best growth effect on tomato and lettuce，and the strong seedling index increased by 82.76% and 21.39% compared with that of the control，respectively，and the plant grows robustly．The prediction model of physical and chemical properties of substrate was feasible for the development of substrate．

In order to thoroughly grasp the strategic position of China’s pepper industry in global market；study and judge the development trend of pepper industry；and crack the problems existing in industry，this paper analyzed the development situation and new trend facing the pepper industry by systematic and continuous on-site research and data retrieval，from the aspects of industry scale，international trade，price information，planting benefit and technical innovation．The results showed when the industrialization level of pepper was rapidly improving and consumer group was rapidly expanding，problems of unstable planting profit，impacting international market，and continuous rising of planting cost were needed by strong support in the following aspects of industrial policy，fine varieties promotion and improvement of mechanization level etc．

栽培技术不够统一、生产管理水平偏低成为制约甘肃省陇南市大叶芥菜产业发展的主要因素，当地通过对大叶芥菜生产的各个技术环节进行不断优化，使大叶芥菜商品率达到95%以上，每667 m2经济效益提高25%以上。

In the context of building a trade power,this paper integrates multi-platform data such as the National Bureau of Statistics,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,and China Customs．Based on the current situation of import and export trade,this paper explores the main factors influencing China's international vegetable trade from the aspects of emergencies,export tariffs,green barriers and extreme weather．Policy suggestions for expanding export trade are put forward from four aspects,namely,the optimization of vegetable varieties,the construction and layout of export bases,breakthroughs and innovations in technological bottlenecks,and the overall planning of both domestic and international markets as well as two kinds of resources.

Aiming at the lack of stable and highly polymorphic SNP markers of peppers，KASP markers were designed at a spacing of 20 cM according to the correspondence between the high-density genetic map and the physical map of peppers，and a total of 234 pairs of KASP primers were designed．F2 isolated population screening was used to obtain 159 pairs of primers with polymorphism，and the success rate of labeling design was 67.9%．Using a group of 207 peppers from 14 introduction sites，the polymorphism and stability of primers were verified for high-throughput system transformation and labeling．The polymorphism of 141 selected markers was detected by high-throughput genotyping system，of which 130 KASP markers were successfully typed，with a success rate of 92%，and the number of markers with polymorphism in pepper materials varied from 24-129，and the corresponding polymorphism site percentage range was 18.46%-99.23%．A set of KASP markers containing 130 pepper KASP markers was developed and evenly distributed on the 12 chromosomes of peppers，and through the typing of 14 domestic pepper varieties from the source of introduction，it was proved that this set of marker polymorphisms is highly polymorphic and universal，and is suitable for high-throughput genotyping of pepper varieties.

Abstract：The watermelon industry in Laos developed by relying on Chinese production technologyand Chinese market，is a representative of agricultural cooperation between China and ASEAN under ‘theBelt and Road’ background．The climate of Laos is conducive to watermelon cultivation in early spring．Itcan better fill the supply gap of early spring watermelon in China．The total cost of watermelon production inLaos is about 18 000-39 000 yuan · hm-2 lower than those in similar climate areas in China，such as Hainan．The opening of China-Laos railway also reduces the cost of transporting watermelon in Laos，and shorten thetransportation time．At the same time，watermelon production in Laos has backward cultivation technique andthere are fewer melon industrial parks．With the influx of resources from China，including talents，superiorvarieties，good law and fund，and‘the Belt and Road’channel construction continuous to develop to the Zhongxialiao Plain area．A perfect watermelon industry chain will be established to promote the developmentof watermelon industry in Laos．

Such protected structures as greenhouses provide good environmental conditions for vegetable growth and quality．To improve and build new-typed，high cost-effective protected structure combining both farm machines and techniques is the essential way to push forward the high-quality development of protected vegetables．In this article，we summarized the status quo of old-typed greenhouse and tunnel structures in northwestern，northern，northeastern and eastern China．We stated the different types of the commonly-built new single greenhouses，tunnels and multi-span greenhouses，the types of wall materials for greenhouses，heat preservation covering materials，and the types of energy utilization．We analyzed the major existing problems in the protected structures and environmental control of China’s vegetable growth． In this article we also proposed to choose the greenhouse designing structures according to regional environment，crop differences and the managing grower，and to integrate the new structures，new equipment and new materials in protected structure designing．We suggest that greenhouse transformation schemes be made so as to reduce the fund for building new greenhouse；that protected facilities with excellent performances be built under effective organization and with the leading of good policies，and that more projects and programs for technological breakthrough be approved to solve the key problems existing in protected structure designing and building．

The Chinese potato market in 2023 has 3 significant characteristics：high potato price in early stage，year-on-year price on the lower side in later stage，and annual prices at their highest in nearly 10 years，etc. It is expected that the potato market prices in 2024 will be generally lower than that in 2023. At present，there are still existed problems noteworthy in China’s potato industry，including unbalanced industrial development，urgent improvement of processing level and insufficient protection of regional public brands，etc.In order to further promote the upgrading of China’s potato industry，it is suggested that local governments of various regions to implement targeted support policies，accelerate the in-depth development of whole industrial chain，and strengthen protection of regional public brands.

Henan is a big province in vegetable production and marketing．Its planting area and output rank first in the country，but the development of vegetable seed industry is insufficient．The proportion of local varieties is too small，which has become the short board of Henan vegetable industry．This paper reviewed the development actuality of Henan vegetable seed industry from the aspects of planting scale，scientific research basis，private seed industry and host exhibition，etc．；put forward problems existing in Henan seed industry，including technical bottlenecks in breeding，imperfect collaborative innovation in science and enterprise，lacking of original varieties，etc.；and comprehensively came up with the countermeasures from perspectives as establishing the fusion mechanism of science and enterprise，strengthening scientific and technological innovation in seed industry，etc.，so as to make the vegetable seed industry in Henan Province bigger and stronger for sustainable development．

Through investigation on the total quantity and type of facility agriculture in 13 districts of Beijing，facility distribution and utilization，industry situation of facility agriculture etc．，this paper specified that the old greenhouses in Beijing were large in quantity and wide in scope，its productive capacity needed further improvement．The facility development was restricted by land use，organization degree was low，and key technology still needed to be improved．The authors suggested to make classify transformation；do largescale，machine-friendly and intelligent upgrading；cultivate different types of social service organization；drive facility upstream & downstream industries developing together；and make up the shortcomings of agricultural technology extension system after grassroots extension system reformation．Efforts should be made from the aspects of breeding important varieties，studying and developing disease and pest control strategies and products in new cultivation modes，integrated promoting intelligent irrigation and fertilization technology，so as to realize the specialization of prenatal varieties，facility assembly，automation of environmental control and production mechanization during production process，and standardization of post-production products and intelligent management．

In order to explore the prevention and control effect of oligosaccharide · chain protein and thiamethoxam combination on tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease，field experiment about controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease was carried out by selecting and using 6% oligosaccharides · chain protein WP，25% thiamethoxam WG and 6% oligosaccharides · chain protein WP + 25% thiamethoxam WG．The results showed that root-irrigation of 25% thiamethoxam WG could significantly reduce the population of Bemisia tabaci，root-irrigatioon treatment of 6% oligosaccharides · chain protein WP + 25% thiamethoxam WG had the best effect．The morbidity and disease index of tomato yellow leaf curl virus were significantly lower than that of the contrast．The control effect was 74.25%．The plant height，leaf length，leaf width，SPAD value，nitrogen content，net photosynthetic rate of leaves（Pn）and yield of tomato were all significantly higher than those of the contrast，increasing by 52.82%．In conclusion，the combined use of 6% oligosaccharides chain protein WP and 25% thiamethoxam WG can effectively prevent and control tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease and ocurrence of bemisia tabaci；and achieve the purpose of increasing yield and efficiency．

Abstract：In the past 10 years，planting areas and outputs of vegetable in China have increased year byyear．Consumer demand also has risen significantly．The aggregate supply and total demand are basically inbalance，and market operation is generally stable．The operation of vegetable market has 5 characteristics，including seasonal fluctuation and origin conversion，etc．In 2023，vegetable market production and sales inChina are flourishing．The market price is running at a high level．The whole year average wholesale priceall over China for 28 kinds of vegetable，key monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is thehighest during the past 10 years．Looking forward to 2024，vegetable aggregate supply and total demand arebasically balanced with a slight balance．The vegetable market is mainly confronted with 5 risk points：climatechange，planting intention，production and marketing connection，etc． It is suggested that in future，theconstruction of‘ vegetable basket’，marketing at vegetable production areas，balanced listing，monitoring andearly warning，policies support，should be further strengthened，so as to strive for realizing a stable supplyand price and high quality development of the vegetable industry．

In order to further improve the light and temperature performance of Chinese solar greenhouse，and enable the over winter vegetable production in areas north of 50° N with extreme temperature below -40 ℃，yet having no auxiliary heating，this paper proposed a ‘double film-double blanket-double chamber’（D-FBC）high insulation greenhouse after reserch innovation．The lighting roof angle of the greenhouse reached 53.82°，and horizontal projection ratio of front and rear roofs was less than 1∶1．The overall lighting and insulation capacity of the greenhouse were significantly improved．At the same time，the supporting greenhouse basic insulation + lighting surface ‘double film-double blanket-double chamber’thermal insulation + back wall water column passive heat storage + gas water heat exchange ground soil active heat storage and release system all had helped maintaining the greenhouse indoor temperature above 9 ℃，even when the outdoor extreme temperatures was below -48 ℃．Thus，safe over winter vegetable production in Tahe County，Heilongjiang Province，at 52° north latitude was successfully realized．

普通大蓟马体型微小、世代周期短、繁殖力高、为害隐蔽，化学农药防治难度大，目前其为害呈持续扩张趋势，是我国南方地区蔬菜上的主要害虫。了解普通大蓟马不同虫态的形态特征、为害特点、发生规律，有助于该害虫的田间识别和综合防治。

In order to definite the pathogenic bacteria species of strawberry brown leaf spot in main strawberry production regions of Henan Province，and screen safe and effective control fungicides，this study separated and purified pathogenic bacteria of strawberry brown leaf spot from diseased strawberry plants in Henan，screened 6 kinds of fungicides，and evaluated their control effects．This pathogenic bacteria was identified by morphology and molecular biology as Pilidium concavum. Among the 6 fungicides，the antibacterial effect of 450 g · L-1 prochloraz water emulsion was the best. Its control effect on strawberry brown leaf spot reached 83%，and its EC50 was 2.449 7 mg · L-1．It could be used as a candidate agent for field control on Henan strawberry brown leaf spot．

Abstract：Strawberry is a popular fruit with high economic value．Its unique fruity aroma is closelyrelated to its contained volatile organic compounds（VOCs）．Fruit aroma quality plays a vital role in evaluatingstrawberry’s edible value and commodity value．Recently，fruit aroma quality has become a research hot-spotin the field of strawberry industry．This paper reviewed the research progress made in the following aspects，including components of strawberry fruit aromatic substances；factors influencing fruit aroma（variety，fruitmaturity grade，cultivation method）；changes of aromatic substances during storage and processing；andmolecular regulation mechanism formed by the aroma of strawberry，etc.，hoping to provide references forstrawberry aroma breeding．

In order to further enhance the anti-risk ability of ginger industry and increase rural household income，on the basis of studying China’s ginger planting input-output，this paper conducted comparative analysis on diff erent scale of operation，diff erent age of farmers，and planting cost and benefi t．At the same time，the paper also analyzed the factors aff ecting the cost and income fl uctuation of ginger planting．The results showed that the ginger price fl uctuation was one of the most important factors causing the instability of income. Besides，the instability of ginger yield also had greater impact on profi ts. The scale effi ciency of ginger was not signifi cant. Labor cost rose sharply along with the increase in scale，leading to a drop in profi ts．Judging from the cost point of view，the older farmers adopted management strategy of reducing investment and mitigating risk，which had become an obstacle to the high-quality development of ginger．On account of these，the paper suggested to develop ginger featured insurance，reducing management risk of farmer household；developing futures market，stabilizing ginger price；increasing investment in research and development of small machinery for ginger；and to improve the scale effi ciency of ginger industry through service scale．

‘Longshu No.23’is a new processing type potato variety selected through sexual hybridization with‘Yan 97-8’as female parent and‘L0404-6’as male parent．It is of medium-late maturity．Its growth period is about 95 days，a large and medium-sized potato rate of about 80%．The average single potato weight is of 115.5 g，and 7.25 potatoes per plant．The plant is semi upright．Its tuber is of round，with yellow skin，light yellow fl esh，and shallow bud eyes．The dry matter content is 24.83%，and starch content is 18.36%．It can yield about 45 t·hm-2．It is suitable for planting in the northern regions of Gansu，Shaanxi，Xinjiang，Qinghai，and Ningxia．

Developing intelligent facility vegetables is an essential choice to achieve the goals of agricultural modernization and is crucial for ensuring a stable vegetable supply. Through macro analysis of the intelligent development of facility vegetables，reviewing its current status and revealing its significance in enhancing production effi ciency，improving agricultural product quality，and ensuring market supply，it was found that，espite the prominent performance of intelligent facility vegetables in increasing yield and improving quality，challenges such as high initial investment and maintenance costs，a mismatch between technology and human resources，and issues of data security and technological uncertainty limit their widespread application. Based on these challenges，this study proposes a series of strategies including growth-oriented，transformative，defensive，and diversified approaches，encompassing measures such as lowering entry barriers，promoting technological innovation，strengthening technology and human resource development，and enhancing data security and privacy protection. These strategies aim to provide scientific guidance and practical pathways for the sustainable development of intelligent facility vegetables.

In order to explore plant immunoinducer with control effect to watermelon virus disease，taking zucchini yellow mosaic virus（ZYMV）as control object，plant pathogenicity and relative control efficiency as indicators，this paper evaluated 6 agents with different concentrations，including picolinic acid（Pip），N-hydroxy-picolinic acid（NHP），gallic acid，benzothiadiazole（BTH），chitosan，β-aminobutyric acid（BABA），and their two-agent and three-agent combinations for their control effects on this virus disease．The results showed that the control effect of single-agent on ZYMV in watermelon ranked from high to low as follows：NHP（0.5 mmol·L-1），Pip（2 mmol·L-1），chitosan（1 g·L-1），gallic acid（0.5 g·L-1），BABA（1 mmol·L-1），BTH（0.1 mmol·L-1）．In the combination agent experiment，the best control effect of the twoagent combination was 2- Ⅶ（NHP 0.5 mmol·L-1 + Pip 2 mmol·L-1）．Eleven days after inoculation，when incidence rate of the plant by control-treated water reached 100.00%，the incidence rate of the combinationtreated plants was 10.00%，and relative control effect was 89.99%．However，this combination agent would affect plant growth．The combination of 3 agents with better control effect were 3-Ⅰ（gallic acid 0.5 g·L-1 + NHP 0.5 mmol·L-1 + BABA 1 mmol·L-1）and 3- Ⅱ（gallic acid 0.5 g·L-1 + NHP 0.5 mmol·L-1 + Pip 2 mmol·L-1）．Their incidence rates were 27.27% and 33.33%，respectively，and their relative control effects were 79.49% and 68.27%，respectively，significantly higher than those of the other combinations．Among them，the incidence rate of the plants treated with 3-Ⅱ increased slowly，and disease control effect was more lasting than that of the other treatments．Thus，3-Ⅶ had the best control effect on ZYMV．The results indicate that NHP，Pip and gallic acid had potential application value in preventing watermelon virus diseases．

In order to understand the nutritional quality characteristics of eggplant fruit，this study measured and analyzed the contents of fruit sugar degree，organic acid，soluble sugar，sugar-acid ratio，soluble solids，solid-acid ratio，and free amino acid in 15 eggplant DH lines of 3 types．The results showed that in terms of sugar degree and solid-acid ratio of the 3 different types eggplant ranking from high to low as follows：purple-black round eggplant with purple calyx（PREPC）＞ purple-black long eggplant with purple calyx（PLEPC）＞ purple-black long eggplant with green calyx（PLEGC）．The rank of organic acid content from high to low was PLEGC ＞ PLEPC ＞ PREPC．The contents of glucose and sucrose in PLEGC were the highest．While，fructose content in PREPC was the highest．Soluble solid content in PLEPC was the highest．The contents of aspartic acid，serine，and glycine，tasted as umami and sweet ranking from high to low were PREPC ＞ PLEPC ＞ PLEGC．The contents of asparagine and arginine，tasted as sweet-sour and bitter，ranking from high to lowe were PLEPC ＞ PLEGC ＞ PREPC．The variation degree of main nutrientand free amino acid contents in PLEPC and PLEGC was generally higher than those in PREPC．

In order to analyze the production effi ciency of China’s pepper planting，the data envelopment analysis（DEA）method is employed based on survey data from the main pepper-planting provinces in 2022．The findings reveal generally low production efficiency in pepper planting across China，with significant regional diff erences．Variations are observed in optimal planting scale and production effi ciency among pepper planters and regions．Farmers in the northeastern region demonstrate the highest production effi ciency，while large-scale growers excel in the northwest．Cooperatives perform best in the Huang-Huai-Hai and centralsouthern regions，whereas leading enterprises show the highest efficiency in the eastern and southwestern regions．The research results indicate that the need to improve the production efficiency should target technological and management innovations according to regional characteristics and types of pepper planters．Additionally，providing policy support and technical training is essential to ensure optimal production effi ciency for each pepper planters．

露地辣椒化肥农药减施增效栽培模式的核心技术包括选用高抗品种、化肥减量、有机肥替代、水肥一体化、化学农药减量、生物农药应用以及无人机飞防等，可比常规种植模式减施化肥22%，减少化学农药用量31.14%，鲜椒增产13.8%。

Heat shock protein 20（HSP20），an essential protein in the process of plant growth and development，HSP20 plays crucial roles inplants under stress．Based on genomic data of melon（Cucumis melo L.），whole genome identification of the HSP20 gene family was carried out using bioinformatics，and their physical and chemical properties，colinearity，gene structure，evolutionary relationship and cis-elements were analyzed．The results showed that 42 HSP20s were identified in the melon genome data，molecular weight ranging from 8 390.40 to 57 350.14 Da，the intron number of 0 to 12，were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes．In colinear analysis，there were 32 genes in melon existing collinearity relation with cucumber，watermelon and pumpkin．Phylogenetic tree reveals 9 pairs of orthologous genes and 8 pairs of paralogous genes of CmHSP20．Multiple cis-elements associated with hormonal response，stress response，photoresponse，and plant development were identified in the promoter of the CmHSP20s gene．

Abstract：Somatic hybridization is a technique，which can induce fusion of plant protoplasts fromdifferent species，genera or even families and then obtain regenerated plants by culture in vitro．As aneffective technology，protoplast fusion can overcome the physiological barriers to hybridization in traditionalbreeding，realize the recombination of nucleoplasmic genes between different materials，and transfer excellentgenes，create and obtain new germplasm containing target characters．At the same time，it can rapidly createmale sterile materials，and greatly shorten the breeding cycle．It is an effective means of crop breakthoughbreeding，and also a powerful tool for character improvement．The paper reviewed the development history，research and application areas of this technology on vegetables；summarized emphatically the researchprogress of protoplast separation regeneration and somatic cell hybridization in vegetable crops of Cruciferae，Solanaceae，and Apiaceae；looked forward the application prospect of somatic cell hybridization technologyin vegetable crops；and discussed the problems and countermeasures in application of this technology，so as toprovide reference for the wide application of somatic cell hybridization in vegetables．

At present，China is accelerating the construction of modern facility agriculture，carryingforward the transformation and upgrading of old vegetable facilities，and promoting the high-qualitydevelopment of facility vegetable industry．But，the current situation and existing problems of the old facilitiesare not systematically sorted out．Systematic research on how to solve these difficulties facing transformation，and countermeasures to upgrade this work are still lacking．Through investigation on major facility vegetable production areas in China，this paper summarized the current situation and existing problems of old facilities；analyzed the main constraints for promoting transformation and upgrading；and put forward counter measures，including clear key work，optimizing facility structure，improving work mechanism，and strengtheningcondition guarantee，etc．

Zhangshugang Chili has a cultivation history of over 200 years，this paper introduces the origins of‘Zhangshugang Chili’tender fruits，discusses the mechanisms that contribute to its superior taste qualities，the current status of the industry，and the challenges it encountered．To address these challenges，efforts have been directed towards cultivating new varieties of tender fruit pepper that can meet diverse market demands，along with developing techniques for high-yield cultivation of tender fruit peppers．These new varieties have been widely promoted and adopted across various regions，realizing a year-round supply of tender fruit peppers．As a result，‘Zhangshugang Chili’ has been elevated from a local brand to be nationally renowned，marking a significanttransition from a regional variety of tender pepper to a high-end brand known for its exceptional quality．

‘Zhejiao No.5’is a new pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘PJ1805’as female parent and‘P1524’as male parent．It is early maturity．Its first flower sets on the 6th node．From field planting to the beginning of harvest about 35 days．The fruit is green，claw shaped，16.0 cm in length and 1.5 cm in diameter．Its VC content was 453 mg · kg-1，capsaicin content is 0.70 mg·kg-1．The single fruit weight is about 15 g with productivity of about 55.5 t·hm-2．It is resistant to TMV，CMV，anthracnose，and Phytophthora blight．It is suitable for Zhejiang protected field，open field，trans-summer cultivation in mountain．

Fingerprints and molecular IDs of cabbage germplasm in Yantai were constructed using STR molecular marker technology with 19 cabbage varieties as test materials．Following the principle of chromosome and amplification band diversity，9 pairs of STR fluorescent primers were screened out，and genetic diversity was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and multiplexed capillary fluorescence electrophoresis，and STR fingerprints of Chinese cabbage germplasm were constructed，and the results of the fingerprints were coded and assigned，and molecular ID cards were further constructed，and the genetic relationship among varieties was also analyzed by clustering．The results showed that the nine pairs of STR primers screened had good polymorphism，and could effectively distinguish the 19 cabbage varieties participating in the test．A total of 52 alleles were detected in the nine pairs of primers，and each pair of primers detected 3-8 alleles，with an average of 5.777 8；the Shannon information index（I）varied from 0.714 2 to 1.668 5，with an average of 1.378 7；Nei’s gene diversity index（H）varied from 0.447 4 to 0.789 5，with an average of 0.692 7；polymorphism information content（PIC）varied from 0.368 1 to 0.757 2，withan average of 0.644 2；the amplified STR bands were analyzed and coded，and the molecular identity cards of 19 Chinese cabbage varieties were constructed successfully．The results of cluster analysis showed that when the genetic similarity coefficient（GS）was 0.66，the 19 cabbage varieties were divided into 3 groups，with obvious regional characteristics．