‘Baibeibei’is an early-maturing mini pumpkin F₁ hybrid by crossing inbred line ‘P3012’ as female parent and ‘P3072’ as male parent．The fruit development period is about 40 days，and the whole growth period is about 95 days in spring and 90 days in autumn．The plant exhibits strong growth potential，with dark green leaves and distinctive white silver spots near the leaf veins．The main vine produces an average of 5 to 6 fruits per plant．The fruit is of oblate，with average transverse diameter of 9.0 cm and longitudinal diameter of 6.4 cm．It features a medium-sized umbilicus，1.5 cm thick flesh and aver age single fruit weight of 250.0 g．The peel is white with shallow furrows．The flesh is milky yellow，powdery，glutinous and sweet taste．It is goo d quality，with the total sugar content is 7.5%，and the soluble solid content is 16.8%．It has good storage ability，and stronger resistance to downy mildew and gray mold t o the contrast ‘Jugua ’in fields．The yield is about 24 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for spring and autumn protected cultivation in most areas of China．

The overall market situation for potatoes in China in 2024 is sluggish,with the monthly wholesale average price of potatoes consistently lower than the same period in 2023.The annual price of potatoes in 2024 is in the low position of the past decade.It is expected that the potato market price will remain lower than the same period in 2024 in the early part of 2025,and the potato market price will increase year-on-year in the later part.At present,the potato industry in China still faces problems such as increasingly serious soil borne diseases,weak international competitiveness of potato starch,and urgent need to improve order fulfillment rates．It is recommended that all regions strengthen the prevention and control of soil borne diseases,support the development of potato processing industry,improve the mechanism of interest linkage between enterprises and farmers,and promote the high-quality development of China’s potato industry．

In recent years，China’s tomato industry has shown rapid development，and occupies an important position in the vegetable industry． Based on the data of 2017—2023，this paper comprehensively analyzes the development status and cost benefi ts of the tomato industry． From the perspective of the current development status，China’s tomato industry has realized annualized supply and formed six major tomato planting advantageous regions． From the point of cost-benefi t，the total cost and net profi t of tomato in China showed an upward trend from 2017 to 2023，and the cost profi t margin was in a fl uctuating state． However， the rising cost pressure and the large fl uctuation of the net profi t of facility tomato constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the tomato industry． In view of the above problems，this article proposes three perspectives of quality and efficiency paths for the tomato industry from the perspective of digital wisdom empowerment，mechanism soundness，and seed industry innovation：develop wisdom production，optimize the cost structure；build a whole chain synergistic mechanism to reduce the total cost；and promote scientifi c and technological innovation in the tomato seed industry to reduce the cost of planting and production．

Based on the wholesale market price data of garlic in China over the past 20 years,this paper conducts a comprehensive and multi-dimensional decomposition and analysis of the garlic wholesale market price in China by using the CensusX12 seasonal adjustment model,the HP filter decomposition model,etc.,and deeply explores the characteristics and causes of abnormal fluctuations in garlic prices in China. The results show that garlic prices in China are affected by factors such as market supply and demand,extreme weather,market speculation,and information asymmetry,and abnormal fluctuations occur from time to time,presenting distinct seasonal,trend,cyclical and random characteristics. In view of this,in order to effectively stabilize the abnormal fluctuations in garlic prices and truly achieve the goal of ensuring the supply and stabilizing the price of garlic,a series of targeted and practical suggestions are put forward：give full play to the key role of government macro-control,establish a garlic industry expert group composed of industry authorities,industry associations,enterprises,and field experts,and through the establishment of production and sales monitoring systems,supply and demand conferences,information release systems,etc.,timely judge the production and sales situation of garlic,guide the operation of the garlic market,and promote the high-quality development of the garlic industry.

Promoting effective management of continuous cropping obstacles in facility vegetables is of great significance for the development of modern facility agriculture and the improvement of sustainable vegetable development. On the basis of studying and clarifying the main obstacles of soil in facility vegetable fields,the author proposes the ‘four precision’ governance path of ‘precise diagnosis,precise policy implementation,precise input,and precise management’ for the continuous cropping obstacles of facility vegetables,as well as the core technology model of ‘control pests,increasing bacteria,increasing carbon and controlling fertilizer’. The application effect is summarized,and policy recommendations are put forward to promote the governance of continuous cropping obstacles of facility vegetables.

Shandong is a dominant vegetable-producing province in China ．By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the operational status of vegetable market in Shandong in 2024，an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of the vegetable industry across key aspects，including production，pricing，supply，and distribution could be established ．The vegetable production in Shandong experienced continued growth in both cultivation scale and output in 2024 ．The wholesale prices of vegetables exhibited a year-on-year increase，maintaining an overall high-price trend throughout the year. Signififi cant price flfl uctuations were observed，with a downward trend in the fifi rst half of the year ．The market prices showed an upturn in July and maintained elevated until October，after which they declined，and only a moderated rise was noticed again in December ．An overall growth of the importation and exportation of vegetable trade occurred，with the optimized export categories and the continual expansion of the international markets ．It is anticipated that vegetable prices in Shandong will flfl uctuate within a moderate range，without signififi cant volatility in 2025 ．However，continuous monitoring of market dynamics and inflfl uencing factors remains important for the accurate

prediction of future price trends 

China is the world’s largest exporter of processed tomato products，and the western regions possesses distinct natural advantages for tomato cultivation．However，the industry has long experienced severe fluctuations and remains in a state of reactive development focused on remedying existing gaps．This paper analyzes the current challenges facing the industry in terms of varieties，cultivation practices，harvesting，product types，and exports．It further proposes targeted strategies to enhance international competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth．These include building internationally recognized brands，diversifying and refining product lines，scientifi cally guiding market demand，improving industry regulations，and establishing a robust regulatory framework．Together，these measures aim to strengthen China’s processed tomato industry and support its long-term，healthy development．

In order to fully and accurately grasp the development trend of China’s processed pepper industry and avoid the risks in development，the development situation and new trends of processed pepper industry were analyzed through systematic and continuous fifi eld research and data retrieval ．The results showed that the westward migration of China’s processed pepper industry was a foregone conclusion and the speed was gradually accelerated，which mainly occurred in the north of the 38 north latitude line and west of the Hu Huanyong line ．The westward migration of processed pepper industry is the process of improving international competitiveness and the need of industrial competitiveness development ．It interacts with scientific and technological innovation and brings about industrial transformation and upgrading．In this process，there are risks such as variety selection，natural disasters，market adaptability and supply chain integration．Local governments should strengthen overall planning to avoid the risk of ups and downs；establish a regional cooperation mechanism to strengthen the industrial docking between the east and the west；improve infrastructure construction and enhance the processing capacity of pepper in the west；promote the integration and development of agriculture and tourism，and build the western pepper brand．

Phytophthora blight and anthracnose are major diseases affecting pepper production,not only reducing yields but also compromising fruit quality．Seedborne pathogens are one of the primary causes of disease outbreaks during cultivation．In this study,strains SX22,SX26,and SX45 were isolated from diseased pepper fruits and plants affected by Phytophthora blight and anthracnose in hybrid seed production bases in Shanxi,Hainan,and Anhui provinces．Pathogen identification based on morphological and molecular biology analyses confirmed these strains as Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum truncatum,and Colletotrichum scovillei,respectively．Specific primers PC-F/PC-R and ITS1/CT-R were designed for P. capsici and C. truncatum,while CS-F/CS-R primers were developed for C. scovillei．A real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qPCR）detection system was established for detecting C. truncatum,C. scovillei,and P. capsici in pepper seeds．In 2023,this system was applied to 70 pepper hybrid seed samples collected from production bases in Shanxi,Hainan,and Anhui provinces．The seed infection rates for P. capsici and C. scovillei were 70.0% and 72.9%,respectively．This detection system provides critical technical support for seed quality inspection and early prevention of pepper diseases．

In order to evaluate and analyze the nutritional quality of pepper germplasm resources,and identify the excellent germplasm. Seven fruit nutritional quality indexes including dry matter,vitamin C,capsaicinoid,capsanthin,soluble sugar,crude fiber and α-glucosidase inhibition rate were determined from 103 capsaicin germplasm resources provided by the Vegetable Department of Horticulture College of China Agricultural University．The nutritional quality of pepper germplasm resources was evaluated by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,membership function value method and systematic cluster analysis．The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 7 nutritional quality indexes was more than 20%,and the coefficient of variation of capsaicinoid content was the largest,reaching 147.53%．Through principal component analysis,three principal components were selected,and the cumulative percentage was 61.229%．Combined with the correlation among the indexes,the contents of dry matter,capsaicin and capsaicin were used as the representative indexes to evaluate the nutritional quality of capsaicin germplasm resources．The comprehensive evaluation model was used to calculate the comprehensive score of pepper germplasm resources,and 10 germplasm resources with the highest score were selected．At the same time,the average membership value of pepper germplasm resources was systematically clustered,and there were 6 pepper germplasm resources with good quality．Through cluster analysis,103 pepper germplasm resources were divided into four groups．In summary,the contents of capsaicinoid,dry matter and capsanthin can be used as representative indexes to evaluate the nutritional quality of capsicum. The pepper materials with excellent comprehensive quality include 21QS54,21QS69,21QS84 and 21QS96,which further provide a basis for the improvement of the nutritional quality of capsicum．

Fruit color is one of the most intuitive traits for evaluating the appearance quality of pepper fruits．The proportions of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin contents endow pepper fruits with rich and colorful colors．Enriching fruit color resources is beneficial to the breeding of high-quality peppers．This paper summarizes the composition of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin in pepper fruits of different colors and the research on the regulation of carotenoid synthesis,focusing on the key enzyme genes and regulatory factors in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway,which can provide a reference for in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of color variation in pepper fruits．

In this paper,we reviewed the latest research results on functional gene mapping and molecular marker development of pumpkin fruit,flower,kernel,long and short vine and stress tolerance traits．On this basis,the application and development direction of functional genes and molecular markers in assisted selection breeding and germplasm resource identification and creation were prospected．It provides reference for further research on molecular biology,gene mapping and marker-assisted selection breeding of pumpkin．

The Yangtze Delta region is one of the major producing areas of welsh onion in China．In order to comprehensively understand the current situation of local welsh onion production and better serve the production,education and research of welsh onion,we conducted a survey on the groups of welsh onion growers,purchasers,processors and seed dealers through on-site visits,telephone inquiries and questionnaires．The industrial distribution,planting varieties,seedling harvesting,business entities,production efficiency and existing problems of welsh onion in the Yangtze Delta region from 2018 to 2023 were investigated and analyzed．This paper summarizes the problems existing in the welsh onion industry,such as‘bottleneck’issue in seed industry,difficulty in ensuring of quality seedlings,low degree of mechanization,uneven quality of products,and the lack of production supporting facilities．In order to provide reference for the development of welsh onion industry in the Yangtze River Delta region,some countermeasures are put forward,such as domestic substitution of main varieties,specialized seedling raising,mechanized production,standardized production technology system,and promotion of planting base construction．

To investigate the relationship between flavor compounds and sensory characteristics in five tasty tomato cultivars，this study analyzed soluble sugars，organic acids，amino acids，and sensory attributes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS），human sensory evaluation，and electronic tongue （E-tongue）．Results indicated that‘Nongfu No.1’exhibited the highest total sugar and acid content．While ‘Yulinglong’achieved the highest sensory evaluation score，indicating its superior overall fl avor preference among consumers．A quadratic correlation was observed between sugar-to-acid ratio and sensory scores，with an optimal range（27.47-28.50）significantly enhancing sweet-sour balance and aftertaste．Principal component analysis of E-tongue data revealed similar taste profiles between‘Yulinglong’and‘ Nongfu No.1’，whereas‘Jiatelin’‘Gaoshanbaoshi’and‘Yuanwei No.1’clustered closely．Sensory scores showed signifi cant positive correlations with fructose，glucose，malic acid，and specifi c amino acids．Collectively，‘Yulinglong’demonstrated optimal fl avor performance and market potential．This study provides a scientific basis for tomato cultivar selection and quality improvement.

This study investigated the effects of exogenous 2，4-epibrassinolide（EBR）on the growth and physiology of vegetably potato seedlings（‘Ecaishu No.10’）under saline-alkali stress to establish a theoretical basis for applying EBR to alleviate stress．A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impacts of foliar spraying with different EBR concentrations under 300 mmol · L^-1 saline-alkali stress on root vitality，photosynthetic parameters（Pn，Tr，and Gs），chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics（Fo，Fm，Fv，Fv/Fo，and Fv/Fm），antioxidant enzyme activities（SOD，POD，and CAT），and osmoregulatory substance contents．Results showed that saline-alkali stress severely inhibited seedling growth：compared to the control（CK），root number，root activity，and root dry weight decreased by 46.97%，38.43%，and 47.46%，respectively；Pn，Tr，and Gs significantly declined；initial fluorescence（Fo）increased，while maximum fluorescence（Fm），variable fluorescence（Fv），PSII potential activity（Fv/Fo），and maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）decreased significantly．Malondialdehyde（MDA）content，relative electrolyte leakage，and antioxidant enzyme activities（SOD，POD，and CAT）were significantly elevated．Exogenous EBR effectively promoted root growth under stress：T3 treatment（1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR）exhibited the highest root number and root activity，increasing by 68.10% and 61.29% compared to T0（stress without EBR），while root dry weight peaked in T4（1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR）at 0.97 g per plant，with no significant difference between T3 and T4．Pn，Tr，and Gs reached maximum values under T3，increasing by 120.83%，134.02%，and 98.22% relative to T0．T3 also showed the highest proline content（35.01% increase），soluble protein content（25.70%），and soluble sugar content（33.01%）among all treatments．In conclusion，foliar application of 1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR eff ectively improved saline-alkali stress tolerance in potato seedlings by enhancing membrane stability，boosting photosynthetic efficiency，and mitigating stress-induced growth inhibitiot.

Utilizing a dataset of 9 000 SNPs obtained from resequencing analysis of 588 mustard materials,we developed 111 KASP markers covering the entire mustard genome．Based on molecular marker and phenotypic analyses of 187 germplasm resources representing diverse mustard types,21 duplicated genotypic materials with highly similar phenotypes were identified and excluded．Following the principle of‘distinguishing the most varieties with the fewest markers’61 KASP markers were selected for mustard germplasm identification．The genotyping data from these markers were utilized to generate a genotypic digital fingerprint code for mustard．Simultaneously,investigations were carried out on the key morphological traits in mustard production,encompassing leaf color,leaf shape,leaf margin notch,heading status,plant height,and the swelling site．By integrating the information on mustard types,a phenotypic digital code for mustard,designated as the‘trait code’,was constructed．By integrating the fingerprint code and trait code,a 2D molecular ID code for 166 mustard specimens was created．This study establishes a pivotal foundation for the digital management of mustard germplasm resources and varieties．

The development of the vegetable seedling industry is of great significance for ensuring the stable supply of vegetables in Beijing and promoting the modernization of the vegetable industry．This article combs through the industrial scale and development characteristics of Beijing’s intensive seedling industry,and points out problems in its development,such as backward business concepts,insufficient technological innovation,a shortage of professional and technical talents,incomplete technical standards,and inadequate industry supervision．Therefore,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,including that enterprises should introduce modern concepts to accurately meet market demands,drive seedling innovation from the aspects of capital and talent,standardize seedling-raising standards,and strengthen industry supervision．These measures aim to promote the rapid development of the intensive vegetable seedling industry and provide decision-making references for increasing the vegetable output in the capital and achieving the goal of vegetable self-sufficiency．

Abstract：Since 2000，the global garlic industry and import-export trades have witnessed profound transformations．To comprehensively and objectively understand the current development status of the global and Chinese garlic industries as well as the general situation of their international trade，this study analyzed data on garlic harvested area，production，yield，and import-export trade in China and worldwide，based on statistics released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO），the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC），and China Customs，combined with literature reports．The results show that Asia is the most critical garlic-producing region globally in terms of both harvested area and production，with China，India，and Bangladesh ranking among the top three in the world．China has long maintained the world’s largest harvested area and production，and its yield ranks fourth globally，approximately 50% of Kuwait’s yield-the highest level in the world ．Garlic is one of the most actively traded agricultural products internationally．In 2022，the global import volume of garlic amounted to around 2.35 million tons，valued at nearly 3 billion US dollars，while the export volume reached 2.63 million tons，valued at over 2.7 billion US dollars. Indonesia is the world’s largest garlic importer，with an import volume of 566 200 tons in 2022， accounting for 24.22% of the global total，and a value of 598 million US dollars，representing 20.10% of the total import value．China is the world’s largest garlic exporter. In 2022，China’s garlic export volume reached 2 035 900 tons，accounting for 77.42% of the global total，with an export value of 1 796 million US dollars，constituting 64.79% of the global export value．Over the past decade，China’s average international market share in garlic export volume has slightly decreased to 79.46%，while its average international market share in export value has increased to 68.78%．Spain is a country where both the average international market shares in garlic export volume and value have increased by more than 2%．In 2023，Chinese mainland garlic exports reached over 140 trading partners，and Southeast Asian countries were the main destinations，while exports to developed countries remained relatively limited．Shandong，Jiangsu，and Henan are the top three provinces in China ’s garlic exports，with their cumulative export volume and value accounting for over 92%．Despite China’s indisputable dominance in garlic harvested area，production，and export trade on the global stage， several major challenges constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry．In response to these challenges，this paper proposes suggestions for the development of China’s garlic industry．

The tomato leafminer， Tuta absoluta（Meyrick）invaded into China in 2017 and it has rapidly emerged as one of the most destructive agricultural pests，causing substantial economic losses to tomato production．This paper reviewed the occurrence and damage caused by T. absoluta and the population expansion trends，the current status of pesticide resistance and the underlying mechanisms，the integrated pest management（IPM）strategies against this invasive species．Based on the existing research foundations，future research priorities and potential control strategies were discussed，aiming to provide scientifi c references for eff ectively managing this pest and developing more effi cient control technologies．

Global freshwater resources are exhibiting a progressive decline,with drought posing a significant threat to crop production．Tomato（Solanum lycopersicum）,a water-demanding and nutrient-demanding crop,experiences severe developmental and yield constraints under drought stress．Genetic improvement for drought tolerance is therefore critical to ensure stable and high-yielding tomato production．In this study,the membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the drought tolerance of 44 globally representative Solanum pimpinellifolium germplasms collected at the germination stage．Results demonstrated that the wild Solanum pimpinellifolium exhibits markedly superior drought tolerance compared to cultivated varieties．Among the evaluated germplasms,30 germplasms were identified as drought-tolerant,with 9 germplasms displaying exceptional tolerance．Notably,these 9 germplasms maintained 100% relative germination rates under the condition of 15% PEG-6000 concentration．Phylogenetic tree construction and geographical origin analysis further revealed that drought-sensitive germplasms clustered more closely in genetic relatedness compared to drought-tolerant counterparts．Their geographic origins were also more concentrated in terms of latitude and altitude,suggesting that indicating that drought tolerance is an adaptive trait gradually evolved in the process of adapting to various wild environments．These findings provide a foundation for elucidating drought tolerance mechanisms and advancing genetic enhancement in cultivated tomato．

In order to explore the effects of different plant growth regulators on the volatile aroma components of pepper,headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS）was used in this study．The volatile aroma quality of pepper treated with compound sodium nitrophenolate,gibberellin,brassinolide and control was comprehensively evaluated by chemometrics analysis．The results showed that a total of 43 volatile aroma components were detected in the four treatments,including 38 in the control group,40 in the sodium nitrophenolate group,and 43 in the brassinolide and gibberellin group．Brassinolide and gibberellin treatment increased the total content of volatile aroma substances in pepper,and there was no difference in the total content of compound sodium nitrophenolate treatment．Based on the variable importance projection VIP > 1.0 of the PLS-DA model,a total of 12 different volatiles were screened out．The principal component analysis of volatile aroma components was carried out and the comprehensive evaluation function of principal components was constructed．The results showed that the highest comprehensive score of aroma quality was brassinolide group.

To address the issue of short cultivation distances in north-south ridge orientation for tomato production in solar greenhouses,which is not conducive to mechanized operations,a comparative experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse in Fangshan,Beijing．The experiment compared north-south and east-west ridge orientations for overwintering tomato cultivation,with the premise that east-west ridge orientation allows for mechanized operations．Four cultivation modes were designed：CK（north-south ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 40 cm）,T1（east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 35 cm）,T2（east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 37 cm）,and T3（east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 40 cm）,with planting densities of 2 381,2 539,2 402,and 2 222 plants per 667 m²,respectively．The results showed that when the tomato planting density was close to 2 400 plants per 667 m²,there were no significant differences in plant height,stem diameter,single fruit weight,number of fruits per plant,yield per plant,and yield per 667 m² between the east-west ridge orientation（T2）and the north-south ridge orientation（CK）at 37,44,and 51 days after planting．Within the planting density range of 2 222 to 2 539 plants per 667 m²,there were no significant differences in single fruit weight,yield per plant,and yield per 667 m² among the east-west ridge orientation treatments（T1,T2,T3）,although there was an upward trend with increasing planting density．When the planting density in the east-west ridge orientation was 2 539 plants per 667 m²（T1）,plant height,stem diameter,maximum leaf area,and number of leaves showed a decreasing trend compared to other treatments．Therefore,the east-west ridge orientation cultivation mode can be adopted for overwintering tomato production in solar greenhouses,ensuring both yield and mechanized production．

With consumption upgrading，the tomato consumption market is showing a diversified trend，and consumers’demand for high-quality tomatoes is becoming increasingly prominent．To gain insights into the pattern of China’s tomato industry amidst evolving market demands，this study conducted interviews with representatives from large domestic agricultural product wholesale markets，tomato breeding experts，and enterprises，and provided an analysis of the current status and development of China’s tomato industry．Currently，China’s tomato cultivation area continues to expand，with advantageous production regions developing rapidly. The varieties of tomatoes and cultivation methods are becoming increasingly diverse，and the market share of domestically bred varieties is gradually increasing．Molecular breeding and gene editing technologies are driving improvements in tomato breeding efficiency and the creation of disease-resistant germplasm．Moreover，the operation model of the entire tomato industry chain is emerging，and there is an urgent need to establish a tomato quality standard system to promote premium pricing for high-quality products，thereby meeting the market’s diversified and high-quality demands．

番茄根腐病主要分为番茄疫霉根腐病、番茄腐霉根腐病和番茄镰孢菌根腐病，病程短、发病快、毁灭性强，一旦发病极难控制，可导致减产20%～50%，重病田块减产80%以上。从发病症状、病原、发生规律、传播途径等角度全面了解番茄根腐病，并采取综合防控措施，有利于提高防控效果。

Tomato is one of the three major traded vegetables globally and holds a significant position in international vegetable trade．Tomato virus disease is one of the common and severely damaging diseases in tomato production，and there is no cure once the plant is infected．Toma to chlorosis virus（ToCV）is transmitted by whitefl y vectors of the family Aleyrodidae in a semi-persistent，non-circulative manner．Tomato plants infected with ToCV exhibit symptoms such as leaf yellowing，interveinal chlorosis，leaf margin curling，and growth retardation，severely impacting tomato yield and quality．This article reviews the recent research progress on ToCV，discussing its distribution characteristics，host range，classifi cation and particle properties，transmission routes and characteristics，genome st ructure and function，common detection methods，and control measures．Additionally，it proposes some urgent issues to be addressed in ToCV research，aiming to provide a reference for future studies on ToCV．

To further promote the healthy development of China’s chili pepper industry and increase the income of chili pepper growers，based on the study of the input-output of chili pepper cultivation in China， this thesis compares the sales form of chili pepper，the scale of chili pepper，the main chili pepper producing provinces，the level of chili pepper mechanization，the chili pepper cultivation mode，and the cost-benefit ratio of chili pepper cultivation，and analyzes the factors influencing the cost-benefit ratio of chili pepper cultivation．It was found that：the income from chili pepper cultivation is unstable，and the uncertainty of income from dried chili pepper is higher than that from fresh chili pepper；the expansion of chili pepper cultivation scale does not signififi cantly enhance benefifi ts；the continuous increase in labor costs for chili pepper cultivation has reduced the income level．Based on this，countermeasures and suggestions such as introducing chili pepper cultivation and price insurance，enhancing the full mechanization level of chili pepper cultivation，and accelerating the research and development of new chili pepper varieties are proposed．

Tuta absoluta,a globally invasive pest,severely impacts tomato production．To clarify the population dynamics of this pest in tomato fields in Beijing and to screen effective sex attractants formulations for managing T. absoluta,we monitored the population dynamics of T. absoluta across three areas in Beijing：Pinggu,Changping,and Huairou by using the sex lure monitoring method．Additionally,the trapping effects of different ratios of two sex pheromone components and different doses of single principal component on T. absoluta were also evaluated in the field．The results of population dynamics monitoring indicated that T. absoluta was present at all monitoring sites across the three areas,with consistent patterns. From the initial stages of tomato planting until early to mid May,the number of adult moths was relatively low．However,from late May until the pulling of tomato seedlings,the number of adult moths sharply increased and remained consistently high．The results of the sex attractants screening indicated that varying ratios of two sex pheromone components,（3E,8Z,11Z）-tetradecyltrimene-1-acetate（TDTA）and（3E,8Z）-tetradecdiene-1-acetate（TDDA）（85∶15,90∶10,95∶5,and 100∶0）,all effectively trapped male adult moths of T. absoluta,with an average monthly trap count exceeding 400．In addition,1.8 mg of TDTA per lure attracted the largest number of adult moths,and it slightly higher than the numbers of 0.2 mg and 0.6 mg per lure．Except for greenhouse No.3,where the number of male adult moths captured by the 1.8 mg of TDTA per lure was significantly highly than that of the 0.6 mg of TDTA per lure,no statistically significant difference was observed．These findings offer valuable insights for monitoring and early warning systems against T. absoluta in Beijing,as well as for the development of sex attractants.

Based on the investigation data of hydroponic Chinese chives in Hebei,Shanxi,Shandong,Shaanxi,Henan and Jilin provinces,this paper evaulted the technical and economic effects of hydroponic Chinese chives by selecting the indexes of technical and economic measurement,the technical and economic effect analysis,and the technical and economic effect target．Then this paper calculated the critical value of economic profit. The results showed that the economic benefit and production efficiency of hydroponic chive were greatly increased．Land productivity reached 11.11 times,8.89 times,and 5.33 times that of open-field cultivation,small-arch shelter cultivation,and greenhouse cultivation respectively,while labor productivity showed 4.22-fold,3.73-fold,and 2.35-fold improvements over these traditional methods．The control effect of Bradysia odoriphaga was the best,which achieved 100% effectiveness．The quality and safety of chive products were greatly improved.Based on the research conclusion,this paper proposed systematic development suggestions from strengthening technical training and propaganda,accelerating the research and development of light and simplified equipment,strengthening the environmental management of hydroponic chives,and increasing government support．

Abstract：Edible mushroom is a green and healthy industry characterized by a long industrial chain，significant development potential and strong income-generating effects，which is a vital force for adopting an all-encompassing approach to food，an effective way to develop recycling agriculture，and an crucial breakthrough to achieve the industrialized and intelligent agriculture．By analyzing development scale， variety and regional layout，industrialized production，scientifi c and technological support system and brand building，we summarize the advantages and potentials of Chongqing edible mushroom industry in terms of resource endowment，development momentum and market demand．Based on the perspective of high-quality development of the industry，the study delves into existing challenges，including the relatively low industrial level，incomplete industrial chain，insufficient scientific and technological support，and weak mechanisms linking farmers to the industry’s benefi ts．To address these issues，the strategic objective of building a largescale， multi-billion yuan edible mushroom industry chain in Chongqing is proposed．Specifi c recommendations are outlined in three key areas：prioritizing strategic planning to drive leapfrog industrial development；promoting integrated development across the entire value chain to enhance industrial capacity；strengthening technological empowerment to overcome key industrial bottlenecks．

Tomato spotted wilt virus（TSWV）is a thrips-transmitted plant virus belonging to the genus Orthotospovirus within the family Bunyaviridae ．With an extensive host range，TSWV can infect over 1 000 plant species across more than 85 families，causing severe damage to economically important crops such as tomatoes，peppers，lettuce，and peanuts ．In recent years，due to climate change and the spread of thrips vectors，the global impact of TSWV has intensified．This review summarizes the host range，disease characteristics，geographical distribution，transmission mechanisms，genome structure，pathogenic mechanisms，and control strategies of TSWV，in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of the virus．

In order to clarify the effects of different tree species on the growth and development of Phallus rubrovolvatus,the effects of different amounts of sawdust on the mycelial growth and fruiting of Phallus rubrovolvatus were discussed by measuring the nutritional components of sawdust of different tree species．The correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the physical and chemical properties of sawdust and the growth and yield of Phallus rubrovolvatus．The results showed that walnut wood and Paper Mulberry wood had higher water-holding capacity after being crushed．The leaching solutions of Betula luminifera wood,Paper Mulberry wood,Quercus glauca wood,Eucommia ulmoides wood promote the growth of mycelium of Phallus rubrovolvatus．Under pure sawdust cultivation conditions,the nitrogen content of sawdust is significantly positively correlated with the growth rate of mycelium,while the nitrogen content and lignin content are significantly negatively correlated．Chitin content was positively correlated with mushroom yield．The hardwood and Cyclobalanopsis glauca showed higher fruiting yield．

Two Solanum melongena L. seedlings,‘Beijingdahongpao’ and ‘Shandongdahongpao’,were pretreated with 50,100 μmol · L^-1 and 150 μmol · L^-1 exogenous melatonin by spraying on their leaves,respectively．A 50 mmol · L^-1 NaCl solution was applied as the salt stress environment,the growth and physiological indexes were measured to investigate the effects of different concentrations of exogenous melatonin on the two kinds of eggplant seedlings under salt stress．The results showed that compared with salt stress control,applying 100 μmol · L^-1 of exogenous melatonin could increase the plant height of eggplant seedlings under salt stress by 28.16% and 34.33% under salt stress,and increase the stem diameter by 51.28% and 29.59%,respectively;significantly elevate the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein,reduce the relative cellular conductivity and MDA content,enhance the activities of SOD and POD,elevate the contents of GA and IAA,and reduce the content of ABA．Spraying 100 μmol · L^-1 exogenous melatonin in the seedling stage of eggplant can effectively alleviate the inhibition of salt stress on the growth of eggplant seedlings．

In order to solve the low yield problem of single-pole pruning pattern of east-west cultivation of tomato plant in large-span plastic greenhouses,in this study,using tomato variety ‘Yibaifen-5’as the material,spring and autumn tomato were cultivated in two different pruning pattern（single-rod pruning and one-and-a-half-rod pruning）and three different plant spacing treatments（25 cm,35 cm and 45 cm）．The light interception rate of plant group,tomato growth and development,yield and quality of fruit were studied．The results showed that the single fruit weight of the 45 cm plant spacing with single-rod pruning treatment was the highest．The single fruit weight of spring and autumn was 224.51 g and 198.36 g respectively．The yield per 667 m² was 8 648.39 kg and 5 110.52 kg,respectively,which was significantly lower than those of other treatments．The canopy temperature of the 35 cm treatment with one-and-a-half-rod pruning was more stable,which improved the light interception rate．The total year yield per 667 m² of the treatment increased by 21.90% compared with that of 45 cm treatment with one-and-a-half-rod pruning,and increased by 17.66% compared with 35 cm treatment with single-rod pruning．There was no significant difference in single fruit weight and fruit quality between the spring and autumn tomato of 35 cm treatment with one-and-a-half-rod pruning and the single-rod pruning of 35 cm treatment,such as the contents of the VC,lycopene,soluble sugar,and soluble solids．The correlation of each index was analyzed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient．Entropy weight method and the combinatorial weighting-TOPSIS method based on game theory were used to comprehensively evaluate the results．The comprehensive score of 35 cm treatment with one-and-a-half-rod pruning was the highest．Therefore,the method of 35 cm plant spacing with one-and-a-half-rod pruning was suitable for mechanized east-west ridge cultivation model in large-span plastic greenhouse.

Wax gourd plays an important role in ensuring the stable supply of melon crops in China and protecting the interests of growers,and breeding new varieties to meet market demand is top priority for wax gourd breeders．The amended Seed Law of the People’s Republic of China strengthened the protection of wax gourd breeders’rights in all aspects and the encouragement to initiate original innovation of plant breeding.The pressure on the current DUS system stems from multiple issues.First of all,some plant breeders have low awareness of plant breeders’rights．Secondly,there is an urgent requirement to partly revise guidelines for the conduct of tests for distictness,uniformity and stability of wax gourd．Thirdly,the current DUS testing is till largely dependent upon a set of morphological traits．With the development of new plant breeding techniques,establishing a collection of varieties of common knowledge,construction of DNA fingerprinting database and its application in wax gourd DUS test is required.Lastly,the deficiencies in the testing facility conditions for DUS testing.There are several actions that Chinese authority could take to solve the problems described above．Firstly,the plant variety protection office should take measures to facilitate the popularization of plant variety protection．Secondly,leading wax gourd breeders should collaborate with DUS examiners from the centralized testing center to revise the testing guideline．Finally,Chinese government should provide adequate funding to facilitate DUS testing efficiencies.In order to promote the effective utilization of wax gourd germplasm resources and the development of wax gourd industry,DUS testing should be adjustable for the application of new plant breeding techniques in plant breeding and to meet the development of seed industry．

Anthocyanins，a class of polyphenolic pigments widely present in the plant kingdom，are typically absent in tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.）fruits ．Genetic engineering and other breeding methods can be employed to develop anthocyanin-enriched tomato varieties．In recent years，signifi cant advancements had been made in the genetics and regulation of tomato anthocyanins．This paper reviews the biosynthetic pathway of tomato anthocyanins，the genetic localization of anthocyanin-related genes in plants，and the progress in genes editing tomato anthocyanin genes．These studies further elucidate the mechanisms of synthesis and regulation of tomato anthocyanins，providing theoretical support and reference for future research and innovation aimed at enhancing tomato quality through the utilization of anthocyanins．

Abstract：In the soilless cultivation of tomato in intelligent greenhouse，the appropriate nutrient solution formula and its dynamic adjustment strategy are the key to achieve high quality and high yield．In this paper，the appropriate ratios of N/K，K/Ca/Mg，P/Ca，NH4+ /NO3- in diff erent growth stages of tomato were elaborated．The effects of pH，water alkalinity，hardness，total dissolved salts and EC（electrical conductivity）value of feeding water and nutrient solution on the availability of nutrients，growth and development，yield and quality of tomato were discussed．The concentration of nutrients in the nutrient

solution and the appropriate content in different parts of tomato plants were introduced．This paper also summarized the classic standard formulations of tomato nutrient solution at home and abroad，and its scope of application and changes in diff erent phenological growth periods．The feasibility of the application of organic nutrient solution in soilless cultivation of tomato were discussed．In this paper，the professional institutions，instruments and equipment and online in-situ detection methods of nutrient solution testing at home and abroad were introduced，as well as the method of dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution formula and the online decision support system for nutrient solution formula adjustment according to the target value of nutrient solution in the root zone of tomato at diff erent growth stages．It was proposed that the nutrient solution formula should

be dynamically adjusted according to different tomato varieties，growth stages，feeding water quality and climatic conditions to obtain the best yield and quality．It is s uggested that Chinese researchers should speed up the research and development of on-line in-situ detection equipment and on-line decision-making support system for dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution，narrow the gap with f oreign advanced countries，and improve the intelligent level of dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution．This paper can provide a reference for growers and technicians of soilless tomato cult ivation in intelligent greenhouses．

‘Wanjiu 809’is a new Chinese chives variety obtained through 5 generations of systematic selection from wild chives in the Baotianman mountainous area of Henan Province．It has strong growth vigor．It becomes dormant in winter and disappears neatly before winter．It sprouts in early spring．The plant is upright,and average plant height is of 38.71 cm．Its average pseudostems is 7.10 cm in length,and 0.61 cm in diameter．The leaf blades are dark green,long and wide with stripe shape．Its average leaves are 33.45 cm in length,and 0.72 cm in width．The average number of tillers per plant is 3.30,single plant has 5.20 leaves,and weight is 7.98 g．The yield about 180 t · hm^-² with harvested 6 times．Its resistance to gray mold is stronger than that of contrast‘Yujiucai No.1’．It is suitable for early spring protected cultivation and open-field planting in Henan Province．

The paper uses the X-12-ARIMA model to analyze the seasonal fluctuations and dynamic characteristics of tomato prices．From 2004 to 2023，tomato prices seasonal fl uctuation s peaked in February each year and the price rises led by seasonal factors was 24.13% while the lowest point of seasonal fl uctuations was in July each year and the price decline was 24.83%．January，March，April，May，and December were the months when tomato prices rose seasonally，with an average increase of 19.54%，20.13%，16.44%，0.36%，and 4.62%，respectively．June，August，September，October，and November were the months of seasonal declined in tomato prices，with average declines of 20.99%，22.89%，12.02%，3.25%，and 0.52% during the study period，respectively．From a dynamic perspective，the seasonal fl uctuation range of tomato prices showed a decreasing trend，which was because the seasonal peak range showed decline trend whereas the lowest range of seasonal fl uctuations showed rising trend．Overall，the seasonal increase in tomato prices in February，March，and April showed a narrowing trend，while in December it showed an expanding trend．And the seasonal decline in tomato prices in June，July，and August also showed a narrowing trend．Tomato prices turne d from seasonal increase to decrease in May；in November，it shifted from a seasonal decline to a seasonal increase．

Taking tomato continuous cropping obstacle soil as the research subject，this study employed High Performance Liquid Chromatography（HPLC）to identify the main phenolic acids present in the soil ．Biological tests and growth curve measurements were conducted to reveal the effects of phenolic acids on tomato seed germination，seedling growth，and soil-borne pathogens．The results demonstrated that p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the two predominant phenolic acids in tomato continuous cropping soil．Compared to seed germination，these two phenolic acids exhibited more significant autotoxic effects on tomato seedling growth．Under stress conditions of 100 mg · L^-1 p-coumaric acid and 300 mg · L^-1 p-hydroxybenzoic acid，the allelopathy index of tomato seedlings both reached -1.00．Under stress concentrations of 50 mg · L^-1 p-coumaric acid and 100 mg · L-1 p-hydroxybenzoic acid，the relative chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of tomato seedlings，including net photosynthetic rate，intercellular CO₂ concentration， stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate，were significantly reduced compared with no phenolic pcids．Furthermore，within the concentration range of 200 mg·L^-1，both phenolic acids promoted the growth of the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici race 8．In conclusion，p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid in tomato continuous cropping soil impact tomato growth through dual mechanisms：directly inhibiting seedling development and stimulating the proliferation of soil-borne pathogens． 

The RUBY reporting system is a new type of screening marker tool that is natural,harmless,easy to observe,and cost-effective．To improve the selection efficiency of genetic transformation in cucumber and enable naked-eye screening of positive plants,the RUBY gene was constructed into an expression vector and expressed in cucumber and tobacco using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system．Western blot experiments were used to investigate the reasons why the system failed to work in cucumber．By optimizing the vector,2A peptide,RUBY sequence,the optimized vector was tested for stable genetic transformation in cucumber．The results showed that the original RUBY system could not be used normally in cucumber．By replacing the P2A with F2A,optimizing the RUBY sequence,and removing the suppression of the GFP expression cassette,the optimized vector pCambia1305.4-fRUBY-ΔGFP was applied to cucumber genetic transformation．This successfully induced the synthesis of betalain in cucumber and obtained RUBY transgenic positive plants．The establishment of the RUBY system in cucumber lays an important technical foundation for improving the selection efficiency of genetic transformation in cucumber．