In recent years，China’s tomato industry has shown rapid development，and occupies an important position in the vegetable industry． Based on the data of 2017—2023，this paper comprehensively analyzes the development status and cost benefi ts of the tomato industry． From the perspective of the current development status，China’s tomato industry has realized annualized supply and formed six major tomato planting advantageous regions． From the point of cost-benefi t，the total cost and net profi t of tomato in China showed an upward trend from 2017 to 2023，and the cost profi t margin was in a fl uctuating state． However， the rising cost pressure and the large fl uctuation of the net profi t of facility tomato constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the tomato industry． In view of the above problems，this article proposes three perspectives of quality and efficiency paths for the tomato industry from the perspective of digital wisdom empowerment，mechanism soundness，and seed industry innovation：develop wisdom production，optimize the cost structure；build a whole chain synergistic mechanism to reduce the total cost；and promote scientifi c and technological innovation in the tomato seed industry to reduce the cost of planting and production．

China is the world’s largest exporter of processed tomato products，and the western regions possesses distinct natural advantages for tomato cultivation．However，the industry has long experienced severe fluctuations and remains in a state of reactive development focused on remedying existing gaps．This paper analyzes the current challenges facing the industry in terms of varieties，cultivation practices，harvesting，product types，and exports．It further proposes targeted strategies to enhance international competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth．These include building internationally recognized brands，diversifying and refining product lines，scientifi cally guiding market demand，improving industry regulations，and establishing a robust regulatory framework．Together，these measures aim to strengthen China’s processed tomato industry and support its long-term，healthy development．

This study investigated 21 horticultural traits of 117 pepper materials grown in Beijing，Pingliang，and Kekedala．Through multivariate statistical analysis，the phenotypic diversity and characteristics of pepper germplasm resources were analyzed．The coefficient of variation for the traits of the 117 pepper materials was wide，indicating rich phenotypic diversity．Correlation analysis revealed that the yield per plant in all three regions was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with single fruit weight，fruit flesh thickness，and fruit diameter．Principal component analysis（PCA）showed that the cumulative variance contribution rates of the first three principal components in Beijing and Pingliang were 79.680% and 76.410%，respectively，while the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first four principal components in Kekedala was 73.900%，collectively explaining most of the original trait data．Cluster analysis of phenotypic traits divided the 117 pepper materials into three groups．Resistance identification was conducted against pepper Phytophthora blight and Pepper mild mottle virus（PMMoV）．Three materials（‘Hybelle’，‘Lingjiao HP-267’，and‘ Tianjiao No.1’）with resistance or moderate resistance to Phytophthora blight were screened out，along with one PMMoV-resistant material（‘Furila’）．Based on the phenotypic data of the
117 pepper materials from the three regions，this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation，analyzing the phenotypic traits and diversity of different germplasms．This provides fundamental theoretical guidance for the breeding of high-quality and disease-resistant pepper materials and serves as an important reference for the rational utilization and innovation of pepper germplasm．

To investigate the relationship between flavor compounds and sensory characteristics in five tasty tomato cultivars，this study analyzed soluble sugars，organic acids，amino acids，and sensory attributes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS），human sensory evaluation，and electronic tongue （E-tongue）．Results indicated that‘Nongfu No.1’exhibited the highest total sugar and acid content．While ‘Yulinglong’achieved the highest sensory evaluation score，indicating its superior overall fl avor preference among consumers．A quadratic correlation was observed between sugar-to-acid ratio and sensory scores，with an optimal range（27.47-28.50）significantly enhancing sweet-sour balance and aftertaste．Principal component analysis of E-tongue data revealed similar taste profiles between‘Yulinglong’and‘ Nongfu No.1’，whereas‘Jiatelin’‘Gaoshanbaoshi’and‘Yuanwei No.1’clustered closely．Sensory scores showed signifi cant positive correlations with fructose，glucose，malic acid，and specifi c amino acids．Collectively，‘Yulinglong’demonstrated optimal fl avor performance and market potential．This study provides a scientific basis for tomato cultivar selection and quality improvement.

In 2025，the vegetable market exhibited an atypical fluctuation pattern against the dual

backdrop of frequent meteorological disasters and a profound restructuring of the industrial structure．Overall，average wholesale prices remained at a relatively low level compared to the preceding three years．Intra-year fluctuations diverged from the traditional seasonal‘M-shaped’or‘W-shaped’patterns，manifesting instead as a significant deep‘U-shaped’trajectory．During the first half of the year，supported by steady expansion in the acreage under cultivation and relatively mild climatic conditions，prices adhered to seasonal decline trends and reached an annual nadir in May．In the second half，however，the successive impacts of extreme summer rainstorms and flooding，sustained high temperatures during‘dog days’，and unseasonal strong winter cold waves induced phased gaps in supply-chain connections．This led to abnormal price surges in November and December，which remained at historical highs．On the production side，facility agriculture—accelerated by policy-driven digital and intelligent transformation—has emerged as the core pillar for urban‘vegetable basket’stability，although rigid increases in labor and agricultural input costs persistently compressed profit margins．Regarding trade，China’s vegetable exports demonstrated significant resilience amid complex international economic games；despite pronounced fluctuations in specific markets due to tariff policies，the trade surplus remained robust．Looking ahead to 2026，influenced by the prolonged La Niña state and the consumption pulse driven by the Spring Festival holiday，prices are anticipated to maintain high-level volatility at the beginning of the year．

The tomato leafminer， Tuta absoluta（Meyrick）invaded into China in 2017 and it has rapidly emerged as one of the most destructive agricultural pests，causing substantial economic losses to tomato production．This paper reviewed the occurrence and damage caused by T. absoluta and the population expansion trends，the current status of pesticide resistance and the underlying mechanisms，the integrated pest management（IPM）strategies against this invasive species．Based on the existing research foundations，future research priorities and potential control strategies were discussed，aiming to provide scientifi c references for eff ectively managing this pest and developing more effi cient control technologies．

Tomato is one of the three major traded vegetables globally and holds a significant position in international vegetable trade．Tomato virus disease is one of the common and severely damaging diseases in tomato production，and there is no cure once the plant is infected．Toma to chlorosis virus（ToCV）is transmitted by whitefl y vectors of the family Aleyrodidae in a semi-persistent，non-circulative manner．Tomato plants infected with ToCV exhibit symptoms such as leaf yellowing，interveinal chlorosis，leaf margin curling，and growth retardation，severely impacting tomato yield and quality．This article reviews the recent research progress on ToCV，discussing its distribution characteristics，host range，classifi cation and particle properties，transmission routes and characteristics，genome st ructure and function，common detection methods，and control measures．Additionally，it proposes some urgent issues to be addressed in ToCV research，aiming to provide a reference for future studies on ToCV．

With consumption upgrading，the tomato consumption market is showing a diversified trend，and consumers’demand for high-quality tomatoes is becoming increasingly prominent．To gain insights into the pattern of China’s tomato industry amidst evolving market demands，this study conducted interviews with representatives from large domestic agricultural product wholesale markets，tomato breeding experts，and enterprises，and provided an analysis of the current status and development of China’s tomato industry．Currently，China’s tomato cultivation area continues to expand，with advantageous production regions developing rapidly. The varieties of tomatoes and cultivation methods are becoming increasingly diverse，and the market share of domestically bred varieties is gradually increasing．Molecular breeding and gene editing technologies are driving improvements in tomato breeding efficiency and the creation of disease-resistant germplasm．Moreover，the operation model of the entire tomato industry chain is emerging，and there is an urgent need to establish a tomato quality standard system to promote premium pricing for high-quality products，thereby meeting the market’s diversified and high-quality demands．

Abstract：Since 2000，the global garlic industry and import-export trades have witnessed profound transformations．To comprehensively and objectively understand the current development status of the global and Chinese garlic industries as well as the general situation of their international trade，this study analyzed data on garlic harvested area，production，yield，and import-export trade in China and worldwide，based on statistics released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO），the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC），and China Customs，combined with literature reports．The results show that Asia is the most critical garlic-producing region globally in terms of both harvested area and production，with China，India，and Bangladesh ranking among the top three in the world．China has long maintained the world’s largest harvested area and production，and its yield ranks fourth globally，approximately 50% of Kuwait’s yield-the highest level in the world ．Garlic is one of the most actively traded agricultural products internationally．In 2022，the global import volume of garlic amounted to around 2.35 million tons，valued at nearly 3 billion US dollars，while the export volume reached 2.63 million tons，valued at over 2.7 billion US dollars. Indonesia is the world’s largest garlic importer，with an import volume of 566 200 tons in 2022， accounting for 24.22% of the global total，and a value of 598 million US dollars，representing 20.10% of the total import value．China is the world’s largest garlic exporter. In 2022，China’s garlic export volume reached 2 035 900 tons，accounting for 77.42% of the global total，with an export value of 1 796 million US dollars，constituting 64.79% of the global export value．Over the past decade，China’s average international market share in garlic export volume has slightly decreased to 79.46%，while its average international market share in export value has increased to 68.78%．Spain is a country where both the average international market shares in garlic export volume and value have increased by more than 2%．In 2023，Chinese mainland garlic exports reached over 140 trading partners，and Southeast Asian countries were the main destinations，while exports to developed countries remained relatively limited．Shandong，Jiangsu，and Henan are the top three provinces in China ’s garlic exports，with their cumulative export volume and value accounting for over 92%．Despite China’s indisputable dominance in garlic harvested area，production，and export trade on the global stage， several major challenges constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry．In response to these challenges，this paper proposes suggestions for the development of China’s garlic industry．

番茄根腐病主要分为番茄疫霉根腐病、番茄腐霉根腐病和番茄镰孢菌根腐病，病程短、发病快、毁灭性强，一旦发病极难控制，可导致减产20%～50%，重病田块减产80%以上。从发病症状、病原、发生规律、传播途径等角度全面了解番茄根腐病，并采取综合防控措施，有利于提高防控效果。

Abstract：In the soilless cultivation of tomato in intelligent greenhouse，the appropriate nutrient solution formula and its dynamic adjustment strategy are the key to achieve high quality and high yield．In this paper，the appropriate ratios of N/K，K/Ca/Mg，P/Ca，NH4+ /NO3- in diff erent growth stages of tomato were elaborated．The effects of pH，water alkalinity，hardness，total dissolved salts and EC（electrical conductivity）value of feeding water and nutrient solution on the availability of nutrients，growth and development，yield and quality of tomato were discussed．The concentration of nutrients in the nutrient

solution and the appropriate content in different parts of tomato plants were introduced．This paper also summarized the classic standard formulations of tomato nutrient solution at home and abroad，and its scope of application and changes in diff erent phenological growth periods．The feasibility of the application of organic nutrient solution in soilless cultivation of tomato were discussed．In this paper，the professional institutions，instruments and equipment and online in-situ detection methods of nutrient solution testing at home and abroad were introduced，as well as the method of dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution formula and the online decision support system for nutrient solution formula adjustment according to the target value of nutrient solution in the root zone of tomato at diff erent growth stages．It was proposed that the nutrient solution formula should

be dynamically adjusted according to different tomato varieties，growth stages，feeding water quality and climatic conditions to obtain the best yield and quality．It is s uggested that Chinese researchers should speed up the research and development of on-line in-situ detection equipment and on-line decision-making support system for dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution，narrow the gap with f oreign advanced countries，and improve the intelligent level of dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution．This paper can provide a reference for growers and technicians of soilless tomato cult ivation in intelligent greenhouses．

Tomato spotted wilt virus（TSWV）is a thrips-transmitted plant virus belonging to the genus Orthotospovirus within the family Bunyaviridae ．With an extensive host range，TSWV can infect over 1 000 plant species across more than 85 families，causing severe damage to economically important crops such as tomatoes，peppers，lettuce，and peanuts ．In recent years，due to climate change and the spread of thrips vectors，the global impact of TSWV has intensified．This review summarizes the host range，disease characteristics，geographical distribution，transmission mechanisms，genome structure，pathogenic mechanisms，and control strategies of TSWV，in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of the virus．

Anthocyanins，a class of polyphenolic pigments widely present in the plant kingdom，are typically absent in tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.）fruits ．Genetic engineering and other breeding methods can be employed to develop anthocyanin-enriched tomato varieties．In recent years，signifi cant advancements had been made in the genetics and regulation of tomato anthocyanins．This paper reviews the biosynthetic pathway of tomato anthocyanins，the genetic localization of anthocyanin-related genes in plants，and the progress in genes editing tomato anthocyanin genes．These studies further elucidate the mechanisms of synthesis and regulation of tomato anthocyanins，providing theoretical support and reference for future research and innovation aimed at enhancing tomato quality through the utilization of anthocyanins．

To further promote the healthy development of China’s chili pepper industry and increase the income of chili pepper growers，based on the study of the input-output of chili pepper cultivation in China， this thesis compares the sales form of chili pepper，the scale of chili pepper，the main chili pepper producing provinces，the level of chili pepper mechanization，the chili pepper cultivation mode，and the cost-benefit ratio of chili pepper cultivation，and analyzes the factors influencing the cost-benefit ratio of chili pepper cultivation．It was found that：the income from chili pepper cultivation is unstable，and the uncertainty of income from dried chili pepper is higher than that from fresh chili pepper；the expansion of chili pepper cultivation scale does not signififi cantly enhance benefifi ts；the continuous increase in labor costs for chili pepper cultivation has reduced the income level．Based on this，countermeasures and suggestions such as introducing chili pepper cultivation and price insurance，enhancing the full mechanization level of chili pepper cultivation，and accelerating the research and development of new chili pepper varieties are proposed．

The paper uses the X-12-ARIMA model to analyze the seasonal fluctuations and dynamic characteristics of tomato prices．From 2004 to 2023，tomato prices seasonal fl uctuation s peaked in February each year and the price rises led by seasonal factors was 24.13% while the lowest point of seasonal fl uctuations was in July each year and the price decline was 24.83%．January，March，April，May，and December were the months when tomato prices rose seasonally，with an average increase of 19.54%，20.13%，16.44%，0.36%，and 4.62%，respectively．June，August，September，October，and November were the months of seasonal declined in tomato prices，with average declines of 20.99%，22.89%，12.02%，3.25%，and 0.52% during the study period，respectively．From a dynamic perspective，the seasonal fl uctuation range of tomato prices showed a decreasing trend，which was because the seasonal peak range showed decline trend whereas the lowest range of seasonal fl uctuations showed rising trend．Overall，the seasonal increase in tomato prices in February，March，and April showed a narrowing trend，while in December it showed an expanding trend．And the seasonal decline in tomato prices in June，July，and August also showed a narrowing trend．Tomato prices turne d from seasonal increase to decrease in May；in November，it shifted from a seasonal decline to a seasonal increase．

Abstract：Edible mushroom is a green and healthy industry characterized by a long industrial chain，significant development potential and strong income-generating effects，which is a vital force for adopting an all-encompassing approach to food，an effective way to develop recycling agriculture，and an crucial breakthrough to achieve the industrialized and intelligent agriculture．By analyzing development scale， variety and regional layout，industrialized production，scientifi c and technological support system and brand building，we summarize the advantages and potentials of Chongqing edible mushroom industry in terms of resource endowment，development momentum and market demand．Based on the perspective of high-quality development of the industry，the study delves into existing challenges，including the relatively low industrial level，incomplete industrial chain，insufficient scientific and technological support，and weak mechanisms linking farmers to the industry’s benefi ts．To address these issues，the strategic objective of building a largescale， multi-billion yuan edible mushroom industry chain in Chongqing is proposed．Specifi c recommendations are outlined in three key areas：prioritizing strategic planning to drive leapfrog industrial development；promoting integrated development across the entire value chain to enhance industrial capacity；strengthening technological empowerment to overcome key industrial bottlenecks．

This study examines the advancements and evolving trends within China’s vegetable industry by analyzing national science and technology award projects in the vegetable sector from 2000 to 2023．During this timeframe，45 projects in the vegetable sector received awards，predominantly the Second Prize for Scientific and Technological Progress，with the annual number of awarded projects remaining stable．Approximately 60% of the awarded achievements were concentrated in genetic breeding，with notably exceptional outcomes in the breeding of crops such as pepper，Chinese cabbage，tomato，and potato．Each of these crops has garnered four or more project awards．The average age of the primary award recipients was 53.3 years，with young and middle-aged researchers serving as the principal drivers of innovation．Universities，along with national and provincial research institutions，emerged as central innovation hubs，and collaboration among industry，academia，and research entities has been increasingly strengthened．Currently，China has attained significant advancements in various domains，including germplasm resource innovation，breakthroughs in breeding technology，optimization of cultivation methods，pest and disease management，and enhancements in processing technology．Nonetheless，there remain gaps in fundamental research and the original innovation of frontier technologies．Moving forward，it is imperative to intensify foundational research in areas such as vegetable genomics，gene cloning，and functional analysis；develop innovative breeding technologies to efficiently produce breakthrough varieties；and bolster the innovation and application of key technologies throughout the entire vegetable industry chain．These efforts aim to enhance the international competitiveness of China’s vegetable industry and foster its sustainable development．

中国是全球辣椒红素最大生产国（占全球总产量的70% 以上），新疆焉耆盆地光照足、温差大，所产辣椒色价高，是我国种植辣椒红素提取椒的核心产区。当地推广的色素辣椒机械化高产栽培技术已规模化应用逾4.7 万hm2（70 万亩），实现干辣椒每667 m2产量700 kg 以上（高产田达1 100 kg），较常规种植增产10%，采用机械化可降低人工成本50% 以上。

Abstract：Sugar transporter proteins（STPs）are an important class of important monosaccharide transporter proteins that play a crucial roles in plant growth and development．In this study，we used bioinformatics methods were used to identify and analyze the CmSTP gene family in melon（Cucumis melo L.），and the chromosome distribution，gene structure，evolutionary and collinearity relationship，promoter sequence，tissue expression were further characterized. The results showed that the CmSTP gene family contains 18 members，named CmSTP1 to CmSTP18 in sequence，which were unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes except for chromosome 1，3，10 and 11．All 18 genes contain at least one introns，and most of them contain three introns．In the phylogenetic tree analysis，showed that theall 18 CmSTP genes were divided into three subfamilies．Collinearity analysis revealed that there were thirteen pairs of genes with collinearity relationship were identified between melon and tomato，and seven pairs between melon and Arabidopsis thaliana were identified.The analysis of promoter sequences analysis identified various hormones and light-responsive cisregulatory elements．The expression analysis showed that 12 CmSTP genes expressed only in specific tissue，indicating that they may act different functions in different tissues or development stages of melon．These results lay a foundation for further investigation into exploring the functions of the STP gene family in regulating the growth and development of melon plants．

To provide reference for the development and utilization of taste type onion germplasm resources through the comprehensive quality evaluation of taste type onion，this study analyzed and evaluated the nutrient composition，amino acid composition，volatile substances，flavonoids and phenolic acid indexes of representative conventional onion（pink skin onion，yellow skin onion）and taste type onion（yellow outer skin）in Gansu Province as test materials．The results showed that the taste type onion was significantly better than the conventional onion in terms of nutritional quality，in which the content of soluble sugar was more than 1.5 times that of the conventional onion，the content of soluble protein was higher than that of the yellow and pink onion by 114.29% and 36.67%，respectively，and the content of organic acid was higher than that of the yellow and pink onion by 124.39% and 58.62%，respectively；at the same time，the textural properties of the taste type onion were better than that of the conventional onion．The texture characteristics of the taste type onion are moderate compared to conventional onions in terms of hardness and elasticity．Additionally，it has a significant advantage in its functional characteristics，particularly in polyphenol content，which is increased by 33.34% and 87.15% compared to yellow and pink skin onions，respectively．In addition，the taste type onion volatile flavor substances content is lower than the pink skin and yellow skin onions，respectively，67.79% and 38.57% lower．In particular，it did not detect irritating sulfur compounds，so the pungent taste is lighter，more suitable for raw food．Therefore，the pungent flavor is lighter and more suitable for raw food．In conclusion，the taste type onion is significantly better than the conventional onion in terms of nutritional quality，texture，and functional properties，and has better food quality and health effects，which is of high value for development and utilization．

Ginger root rot can cause yellowing and wilting at the base of the aboveground stems，as well as decay and browning of the underground tubers，with field incidence rates exceeding 90%．This study isolated and purified pathogenic fungi from diseased ginger samples collected from Anqiu，Shandong．Based on ITS and EF sequence alignment，phylogenetic tree analysis，and combined morphological and molecular biological identification，the primary pathogens causing ginger root rot in Anqiu were determined to be Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium aphanidermatum．Targeting these two pathogens，the control efficacy of a composite microbial agent prepared by combining Paenibacillus polymyxa ZF129 and Bacillus

amyloliquefaciens ZF57 was investigated．The results showed that the highest control efficacy against Pythium root rot and Fusarium root rot in ginger，reaching 75.17% and 73.23%，respectively，was achieved using the following treatment：soaking ginger seeds in a 300-fold dilution of the composite microbial agent for 15 minutes，followed by spraying 50 mL at the stem base and applying 900 mL via root drenching．

During‘The 14th Five-year Plan’period，China has achieved significant breakthroughs

in foundational research related to distant hybridization，pan-genomics，and the evolutionary domestication of Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis）．These advancements include the mapping，cloning，and analysis of regulatory mechanisms for genes associated with important agronomic traits，as well as the development of molecular markers suitable for marker-assisted selection．Notable progress has also been made in the collection，identification，exploration，and innovative utilization of Chinese cabbage resources，leading to the creation and cultivation of a series of superior novel germplasm and high-quality，multiple-resistant new varieties．This paper provides an overview and summary of the advancements made in China’s genetic breeding of Chinese cabbage over the past five years．It also discusses and analyzes the main issues currently facing Chinese cabbage breeding and outlines future research directions that warrant further investigation．

During‘The 14th Five-year Plan’period，significant breakthroughs has been made in both basic and applied research on cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.），alongside notable progress in molecular breeding techniques，collectively driving the upgrade of new variety development．This paper systematically reviews the major advances over the past five years in several key areas，including the genetic mapping of important agronomic traits，elucidation of functional mechanisms，development of molecular markers，haploid breeding，and the application of transgenic and gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9．It also summarizes representative achievements in germplasm resource evaluation，breeding material innovation，and new variety breeding．Based on this review，we analyze the main challenges currently facing and propose future research directions．This review aims to provide a valuable reference for the genetic improvement and efficient breeding of cucumber.

To address the dual challenges of agricultural waste management and cultivation substrate development in facility-based horticulture，this study employed microbial-assisted composting to recycle waste coconut coir and vegetable straw into value-added substrates．Five substrate blends were prepared by mixing the fermented product with commercial coconut coir at volume ratios of 10∶0，7∶3，5∶5，3∶7，and 0∶10（treatments A1-A5）．A commercial substrate（peat∶vermiculite∶perlite = 7V∶2V∶1V）was used as the control（CK）．We systematically evaluated the composting performance，physicochemical and nutritional properties of the recycled coir，as well as its effects on growth and fruit quality of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）throughout the entire growth cycle．The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the A1 and A2 composite substrates most closely resembled those of an ideal substrate．At the seedling stage，plant height and shoot fresh weight in A2 increased significantly by 19.4% and 26.2%，respectively，compared to CK．The root fresh weight and root length in A2 were both significantly greater than that in all other treatments，with the exception of CK．At the fruiting stage，the yield per plant under A2 reached 2 915.66 g，increased 51.2% compared to A5．The soluble sugar，soluble solids，and vitamin C content of fruits in A2 were significantly higher than those in A5，although nitrate accumulation was also higher（325.30 mg·kg^-1）．Principal component analysis indicated that A2 ranked second in comprehensive score for seedling-stage indicators（0.891），behind CK（1.206），and achieved the highest score in root-shoot development-related components．Moreover，A2 received the highest comprehensive score（2.711）for fruiting-stage indicators，reflecting its positive effects on shoot growth and fruit quality．The comprehensive cost of A2 was 32.3% lower than that of commercial coconut coir．In conclusion，the A2 composite substrate（recycled coconut coir：commercial coconut coir = 7V∶3V）can effectively replace traditional commercial substrates in cucumber soilless cultivation and is suitable for large-scale application．

High-temperature stress is an important environmental factor limiting the growth and
development of tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.），while melatonin（melatonin，MT），as a multifunctional
plant growth regulator，plays an important role in enhancing plant stress resistance．This study investigated the
regulatory eff ects of exogenous melatonin（ 200 μmol · L^-1）on the growth and physiological characteristics of
tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress（38 °C/25 °C，day/night）．The results indicated that hightemperature stress signifi cantly inhibited seedling growth，reducing plant height，stem diameter，leaf length，
and leaf width by 25.6%，30.6%，20.6%，and 27.5%，respectively．At the same time，malondialdehyde
（MDA）content and relative conductivity increased signifi cantly．Melatonin treatment restored plant height and stem diameter to the control level at normal temperature，and signifi cantly reduced the MDA content on the 6th
and 9th days after treatment and the relative conductivity content on the Day 3, Day 6, and Day 9 after treatment，
thereby maintaining membrane integrity．High-temperature stress induced increased activities of activities of
superoxide dismutase（SOD），catalase（CAT），and peroxidase（POD）in tomato seedlings，and melatonin
further enhanced the activities of SOD，CAT，and POD．Additionally，melatonin promoted the accumulation
of osmoregulatory substances ，and the proline content increased by 67.9%．Comprehensive analysis suggests that
melatonin alleviated heat-induced damage by enhancing antioxidant defense and osmoregulation capacity．

Abstract：Peppers are an essential vegetable and economic crop in China．Capsaicinoids are a class of natural secondary metabolites unique to the fruits of the genus Capsicum，which give peppers their pungency． The degree of pungency in peppers is controlled by genotypes and infl uenced by environmental factors．This paper reviewd the species，distribution and accumulation characteristics，biosynthesis，genetic regulation of pungency and its infl uencing factors of capsaicinoids．The current research status on capsaicinoid biosynthesis was summarized，and existing issues were discussed to provide a reference for future studies on the biosynthetic regulation of capsaicinoids and pungency in peppers．

This study aimed to develop kompetitive allele specific PCR（KASP）markers suitable for genotyping and fingerprint map construction of watermelon germplasms，so as to enhance the protection of watermelon germplasm resources，variety identification，and genetic improvement．Based on the highquality single nucleotide polymorphism sites（SNPs）identified through the re-sequencing data analysis of watermelon，50 KASP markers were designed and employed for genotyping 43 watermelon accessions．Genetic diversity was assessed via cluster analysis and fingerprinting．The overall success rate of KASP marker design was 40.0%，with signifi cant variations across chromosomes．Notably，chromosomes 1 and 7 had the highest success rate of 75.0%．Sixteen optimal KASP markers were selected for genotyping the 43 watermelon accessions．Their genotyping results were used to establish standardized fi ngerprint maps，which were then encoded into two-dimensional codes．This allows for quick retrieval of genetic information and identifi cation of watermelon materials．Cluster analysis revealed that watermelon accessions from Citrullus amarus predominantly formed a distinct clade with close genetic relationship．In contrast，accessions from Citrullus mucosospermus and Citrullus lanatus were broadly distributed across multiple branches，indicating signifi cant genetic divergence and complexity．This research has successfully established and applied KASP technology for watermelon，off ering a new tool for watermelon genetic research and germplasm resource evaluation．It also provides a scientifi c basis for watermelon cultivar identifi cation and germplasm management．

From the perspective of trade flow，this study combines social network theory with trade indicators to investigate the changes and patterns in the global vegetable seed trade pattern，and to identify the supply security of Chinese vegetable seeds．The results indicate that the global vegetable seed trade network continues to expand in scale，with increasing network density and enhanced trade accessibility．The position of core countries such as the Netherlands，the United States，and France in the internet is stable，and they have always been at the forefront in terms of trade intensity，trade independence，and trade control．The Chinese vegetable seed industry is increasingly integrated into the global vegetable seed cycle．While gaining international division of labor benefifi ts，external market inflfl uence is gradually increasing，but overall risks are controllable．Propose to strengthen technological innovation and intellectual property protection as important measures to consolidate the foundation of food security and seed source security；to build an innovation ecosystem for the seed industry，strengthen industrial collaboration，and guide enterprises to specialize and deeply cultivate advantageous areas；we need to strengthen our overseas layout，deepen international cooperation and division of labor in the seed industry，and other policy recommendations．

Yujiao No.10’is a new three-line hybrid pepper developed by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile line ‘PC134A’ as female parent and inbred restorer line ‘PC195’ as male parent．It is of mid-maturing，with plant height about 70 cm and breadth about 50 cm．The first flower sets on the 11th node．The fruit is horn-shaped，with green ripe fruit color is light green，old ripe fruit color is red，slightly wrinkled，concave，crisp，good taste．The average fruit longitudinal diameter is 20.6 cm，diameter is 4.5 cm，flesh thickness is 0.37 cm，single fruit weight is 98 g，VC content is 1 100.0 mg·kg-1．It is resistant to TMV and anthracnose，moderately resistant to CMV and phytophthora blight．The yield is about 60 t·hm-2．It is suitable for early spring planting in protected fields in Henan Province．

‘Huangguan 304’is a new taste type celery variety，which is developed through artificial controlled hybridization using inbred line‘C304’as female parent and selected single plant‘S330’as male parent，followed by five consecutive generations of self-pollination directional selection．It grows fast and matures early，can be harvested after about 60 days of planting，with an average single plant weight of 63.3 g．The plant height is about 65 cm．The petiole is hollow and shallow of ribs，with an average 36.2 cm in length and 1.1 cm in width，and light yellow in color，gradually turns white near the base．The mature leaves are yellow green，and the heart leaves are tender yellow．The plant is c risp and ten der with a crude fi ber content of 0.725%，and a sw eet taste with a total soluble sugar content of 1.16%．It is late bolting，and high resistant to leaf spot disease．It can yield about 54 t · hm-2，and suitable for direct-seeding rapid g rowth as well as transplanting cultivation in various regions in the north and south．

Green production refers to a series of environmentally friendly strategies and technologies implemented in the agricultural sector，aimed at reducing environmental burdens，improving resource utilization efficiency，and promoting environmental protection and food safety．With consumers’ growing attention to healthy food，the market demand for green vegetables continues to expand，providing broad development opportunities for the green production of vegetables．Among them，leeks are not only one of China’s characteristic vegetables but also possess extremely high nutritional value．However，current leek production suffers from extensive farming practices，outdated technology and equipment，low production effi ciency，and insuffi cient quality assurance．This paper introduces typical cultivation methods for leek，with a focus on discussing the technologies and equipment currently applied in domestic and international green leek production processes，including land preparation，sowing，field management（irrigation and fertilization，intertillage and earthing up，pest and disease control），harvesting，and post-harvest handling．Additionally，development strategies and recommendations are proposed to support the advancement of green leek production technologies and equipment．

To compare with the imported large-fruited tomato variety‘ Yarimaru’ ，three domestic tomato varieties（‘502’‘H2106’‘H2103’）were studied．By monitoring environmental factors in the greenhouse ，the dynamic changes of agronomic traits ，yield and fruit quality of diff erent tomato varieties under long-season
cultivation in multi span greenhouse and the relationship between environmental factors were analyzed ．The
results showed that the plant height of the imported variety ‘ Yarimaru’ was 8.23 m ，the single fruit weight
ranging was 115-288 g ，the fruit hardness was 2.10 -5.20 kg · cm-2 ，the soluble solid content（SSC）was
4.03%-5.43% ，and the yield was 53.44 kg · m-2 higher than the other three varieties ；The single fruit weight o f
‘H2103 ’ was 101-274 g ，the soluble solid content was 3.46%-5.30% ，and the yield was 48.50 kg · m-2 ．The
soluble solid content of ‘ 502 ’and ‘ H2106’ were 3 .51%-5.13% and 3.05%-4.60%， and the yield was 45.26
and 44.26 kg · m-2， respectively． The average content of VC and lycopene in‘ Yarimaru’ is also higher than that
in the other three varieties．Through the comparative analysis of the annual environmental factor measurement
data ，the medium fruit tomato variety ‘ Yarimaru ’ needs lower eff ective accumulated temperature per leaf growth
than the domestic variety ，up to 19.62 ℃ · d ，and requires 857.82 μmol · m-2 · s-1 of photosynthetically active
radiation ，which indicates that the imported variety needs lower accumulated temperature and photosynthetically
active radiation per leaf growth and fruit growth per ear under the condition of relatively high yield ，reducing
energy consumption． Meanwhile， the domestic variety ‘ H2103’ also exhibits notable high-yield potential．
These results provides a scientifi c basis for tomato variety selection ，high-effi ciency breeding ，and resource
utilization in long-season cultivation within multi-span intelligent greenhouses.

Using wolfberry（Lycium chinense Miller.）as rootstock can improve salt tolerance and fruit quality of grafted tomato and extend the growing period．But low survival rate and slow growth potential are the main factors restricting grafting efficiency．In order to improve the grafted seedling technology of wolfberry and tomato，two rootstock cultivars‘Ningxia honggouqi’and‘Ningxiaheigouqi’and two grafting methods（splice grafting and cleft grafting）were set up in four combinations with ‘Qianjianghongzhu ’as scion in this study．The survival rate and healing status of grafted seedlings were investigated，while the eff ects of rootstock grafting heights（1-2 cm，2-3 cm，and 3-5 cm）on growth and fruit quality of grafted tomatoes were comparatively analyzed．The results showed that using‘Ningxiahonggouqi’as rootstock and grafting by splice grafting method，the grafted seedlings had the highest survival rate and the smallest diff erence in stem diameter between rootstock and scion，and the chlorophyll relative content（SPAD）was signifi cantly higher than other treatments．Moreover，the 2-3 cm grafting height treatment showed higher increments in both rootstock stem diameter and scion stem diameter during 20-30 days and 30-40 days post-grafting compared with 1-2 cm and 3-5 cm grafting treatments．Moreover，this treatment signifi cantly outperformed other height groups in maximum leaf width，canopy spread，single fruit weight and pericarp diameter，and the soluble solids content was the highest．In summary，these fi nding suggest that choosing‘ Ningxiahonggouqi’ as the rootstock with splice grafting method at 2-3 cm grafting height can eff ectively improve the grafting survival rate，promote the growth of rootstock and scion，and improve fruit quality．It can be applied as an effi cient grafting method for tomato and wolfberry grafting．

Abstract：To investigate the changes in soil microbial community structure and its relationship with soil
chemical properties under different years of continuous tomato cultivation in greenhouses，high-throughput
sequencing was employed to analyze the bacterial communities in soils subjected to 1 year（C1），4 years （C4），7 years（C7），and 10 years（C10）of continuous tomato cropping．Soil chemical properties and
their correlations with microbial communities were also assessed．The results showed that，compared with
the C1 treatment，the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，
and the Shannon and Simpson indices of soil microbial diversity were significantly decreased in the C4，
C7，and C10 treatments．The composition of soil bacterial communities also changed．At the phylum
level，the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Rokubacteria signifi cantly increased in the C4，C7，and
C10 treatments compared to C1，while the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Patescibacteria in the soil
significantly decreased in the C4 and C10 treatments．At the genus level，compared with C1 treatment，in
the C4 treatment，the relative abundances of MND1，Rubrobacter，RB41，67-14，Nitrospira，MB-A2-
108， Rokubacteriales，bacteriap25，and IMCC26256 in the soil were significantly increased，while those
of Ellin6067，Haliangium、A4b were significantly decreased．In the soil of C7 treatment，the relative
abundances of Sphingomonas，Rubrobacter，67-14，RB41，Rokubacteriales，Gaiella，and Blastococcus
signifi cantly increased，whereas SBR1031，Ellin6067，Haliangium，A4b decreased．In the C10 treatment，
the relative abundance of Gitt-GS-136 signifi cantly decreased．With increasing years of continuous cropping，
the relative abundances of certain OTUs changed markedly．Specifically，OTU_2108，OTU_13084，
OTU_105436，OTU_23455，OTU_52896，OTU_58127，OTU_46318，and OTU_51042 showed an initial
increase followed by a decline．Redundancy analysis indicated that soil electrical conductivity（EC），available
phosphorus，and available potassium were the main factors infl uencing the distribution of dominant bacterial
genera in continuously cropped soils．In summary，long-term continuous monoculture led to changes in the
soil environment，nutrient depletion，and signifi cant impacts on the structure of soil microbial communities．

Tongliang district is one of the four major vegetable production and supply bases in Chongqing．The vegetable planting area is about 25 500 hm²，and the facility vegetable area is 3 667 hm²．The yield of vegetables in Tongliang is 0.833 7 million tons．Through conducting field research，listening to reports from vegetable owners，reviewing the relevant industry reports，and soliciting opinions from leaders in charge of agriculture in various towns and streets，as well as industry center promotion personnel，we have summarized the current situation of vegetable production in the whole district from the aspects of vegetable planting area，category，effi ciency，scale of operating entities，and technological innovation．Meanwhile，the problems of low product effi ciency，low production level，labor shortage，etc. in the development of the vegetable industry were analyzed．Finally，the specifi c suggestions for the development of the vegetable industry in the whole district in the next future were proposed from the aspects of vegetable variety，cultivation technology，and brand-building．

To identify hub genes involved in tomato resistance to gray mold，transcriptome sequencing was performed on leaves of tomato high-generation inbred line‘E6203’seedlings before and after infection．Weighted gene co-expression network analysis（WGCNA）was employed to screen for hub genes associated with tomato resistance to Botrytis cinerea．The results showed that WGCNA identifi ed 13 co-express ion gene modules，of which two modules were associated with the early response a nd two modules were associated with the late response to B. cinerea infection in tomato．Functional enrichment analysis revealed that primary metabolic processes were downregulated after B. cinerea infection，while defense response processes were activated．Further analysis of hub genes within these modules led to the identifi cation of 4 candidate genes，including CDIP，DJC17，NATA2，and NPF6.4，that may be involved in regulating resistance to gray mold．The defense response to B. cinerea in tomato mainly involves pathways such as glycogen catabolic，pyridinecontaining compound catabolic ，and membrane protein proteolysis．

To investigate the application effect of alginic acid extract solution in the soil of continuous cropping facilities，the soil from tomato fi elds with 20 consecutive crops was used as the experimental material．The alginic acid extract solution and chemical fertilizer were applied in combination at six diff erent ratios．By analyzing tomato growth indicators，photosynthesis parameters，plant nutrient content，yield and quality，as well as changes in soil microbial communities，the optimal combined application ratio of alginic acid extract solution and chemical fertilizer was determined．The results demonstrated that the integrated application of alginic acid extract solution could eff ectively promote plant growth，enhance soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure，and improve crop yield and quality to varying extents while reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer applied．Notably，the T4 treatment（alginic acid extract solution:chemical fertilizer = 60%:40%）exhibited the most significant effects，with markedly superior performance in terms of plant growth，photosynthetic parameters，soil nutrients，and fruit yield and quality compared to other treatments．These fi ndings provide a theoretical foundation for partially substituting alginic acid extract solution for chemical fertilizers in tomato cultivation under continuous cropping conditions．

China is a major producer of facility vegetables，but the modernization level of facility

vegetable plant protection machinery is low，and there is a lack of high-efficiency，high-efficiency，precision spraying，and intelligent plant protection machinery which is suitable for facility vegetables，and this has brought about problems such as low production efficiency，poor prevention efficiency，low pesticide utilization rate，environmental pollution，and production safety．This article takes the basic theory of fog droplets，which is crucial for plant protection machinery，as the starting point．It systematically sorts out the types of plant protection machinery suitable for facility vegetables production and related pesticide application technologies，analyzes the main problems in the research and development，promotion and application of facility vegetable plant protection machinery，and puts forward corresponding suggestions．Finally，it looks forward to the development direction of facility vegetable plant protection machinery，aiming to provide reference and inspiration for promoting the improvement and upgrading of facility vegetable plant protection machinery and enhancing the modernization level of plant protection in China．

Abstract：‘Baolai No.3’is a new open-field type，white-fleshed and purple-round eggplant F1 hybrid，which is developed by crossing inbred line‘YB132-2013’as female parent and‘YB48-2013’as male parent ．It is of late-maturing，with first fruit at the 10th-11th nodes．The plant height is about 120 cm，and width is about 60 cm．The fruit is high-round in shape，with a dark purple pericarp，a shape index of 0.88，and a small，nearly punctiform navel．The single fruit weight is about 600 g．The flesh is white and firm，with a VC content of 13.7 mg·kg-1，a dry matter content of 5.3%，a soluble sugar content of 2.55% ．The plant is strong growth potential，and the resistance to Verticillium wilt is stronger than the control‘Baolai’．The harvest period is of long，and the yield is about 105 t · hm-2．It is suitable for open-field cultivation in North and Northwest China，where white-fleshed and purple-round eggplant is commonly grown．

Abstract：In view of the major problems in celery production in Hebei Province，such as continuous cropping obstacles and frequenet occurence of diseases and pests，this paper carried out investigations and research on the basis situation of celery planting scale，planting mode，cropping arrangement，as well as the types and control of major diseases and pests．The results show that celery cultivation in Hebei Province is mainly concentrated in spring，autumn and winter，with open fi eld and facility cultivation，and chemical agents are often used to control diseases and pests of celery．In addition，Bradysia dodriphaga and bulb mite， which are underground pests of celery，were newly discovered．Meanwhile，countermeasures and suggestions for celery planting were put forward from the aspects of agricultural control，physical control，biological control and chemical control，to achieve the green and efficient development of celery industry in Hebei Province．