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01 July 2025, Volume 1 Issue 7
    

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  • Analysis of the Development and Trade Dynamics of the Global Garlic Industry
    ZHONG Yunpeng, LU Fengyin, LI Chengyu, QIAO Qi, TANG Zhongjie, DUAN Zhengzheng, YU Yuebo, WANG Tingfeng, XIE Deyi
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.1010
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    Abstract：Since 2000，the global garlic industry and import-export trades have witnessed profound transformations．To comprehensively and objectively understand the current development status of the global and Chinese garlic industries as well as the general situation of their international trade，this study analyzed data on garlic harvested area，production，yield，and import-export trade in China and worldwide，based on statistics released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO），the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC），and China Customs，combined with literature reports．The results show that Asia is the most critical garlic-producing region globally in terms of both harvested area and production，with China，India，and Bangladesh ranking among the top three in the world．China has long maintained the world’s largest harvested area and production，and its yield ranks fourth globally，approximately 50% of Kuwait’s yield-the highest level in the world ．Garlic is one of the most actively traded agricultural products internationally．In 2022，the global import volume of garlic amounted to around 2.35 million tons，valued at nearly 3 billion US dollars，while the export volume reached 2.63 million tons，valued at over 2.7 billion US dollars. Indonesia is the world’s largest garlic importer，with an import volume of 566 200 tons in 2022， accounting for 24.22% of the global total，and a value of 598 million US dollars，representing 20.10% of the total import value．China is the world’s largest garlic exporter. In 2022，China’s garlic export volume reached 2 035 900 tons，accounting for 77.42% of the global total，with an export value of 1 796 million US dollars，constituting 64.79% of the global export value．Over the past decade，China’s average international market share in garlic export volume has slightly decreased to 79.46%，while its average international market share in export value has increased to 68.78%．Spain is a country where both the average international market shares in garlic export volume and value have increased by more than 2%．In 2023，Chinese mainland garlic exports reached over 140 trading partners，and Southeast Asian countries were the main destinations，while exports to developed countries remained relatively limited．Shandong，Jiangsu，and Henan are the top three provinces in China ’s garlic exports，with their cumulative export volume and value accounting for over 92%．Despite China’s indisputable dominance in garlic harvested area，production，and export trade on the global stage， several major challenges constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry．In response to these challenges，this paper proposes suggestions for the development of China’s garlic industry．
  • Development Status and Strategy of Edible Mushroom Industry in Chongqing
    CHEN Rui, LI Lili, WEI Jingyi, ZHENG Yong, LUO Qingping
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 18-23. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.1013
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    Abstract：Edible mushroom is a green and healthy industry characterized by a long industrial chain，significant development potential and strong income-generating effects，which is a vital force for adopting an all-encompassing approach to food，an effective way to develop recycling agriculture，and an crucial breakthrough to achieve the industrialized and intelligent agriculture．By analyzing development scale， variety and regional layout，industrialized production，scientifi c and technological support system and brand building，we summarize the advantages and potentials of Chongqing edible mushroom industry in terms of resource endowment，development momentum and market demand．Based on the perspective of high-quality development of the industry，the study delves into existing challenges，including the relatively low industrial level，incomplete industrial chain，insufficient scientific and technological support，and weak mechanisms linking farmers to the industry’s benefi ts．To address these issues，the strategic objective of building a largescale， multi-billion yuan edible mushroom industry chain in Chongqing is proposed．Specifi c recommendations are outlined in three key areas：prioritizing strategic planning to drive leapfrog industrial development；promoting integrated development across the entire value chain to enhance industrial capacity；strengthening technological empowerment to overcome key industrial bottlenecks．
  • Research Progress on Biosynthesis Regulation and Influencing Factors of Capsaicinoids in Pepper Fruit
    LIANG Wenhui1, 2, SHAN Qingyun1, 2, WANG Jin1, 2, WANG Bing1, 2, ZHANG Meiling1, 2, WAN Yu1, 2, ZOU Xuexiao1, 2, XIONG Cheng1, 2
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 45-55. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.2005
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    Abstract：Peppers are an essential vegetable and economic crop in China．Capsaicinoids are a class of natural secondary metabolites unique to the fruits of the genus Capsicum，which give peppers their pungency． The degree of pungency in peppers is controlled by genotypes and infl uenced by environmental factors．This paper reviewd the species，distribution and accumulation characteristics，biosynthesis，genetic regulation of pungency and its infl uencing factors of capsaicinoids．The current research status on capsaicinoid biosynthesis was summarized，and existing issues were discussed to provide a reference for future studies on the biosynthetic regulation of capsaicinoids and pungency in peppers．
  • Tomato SlDSP Gene Regulates Sepal Morphology Aff ecting Fruit Quality
    YAO Yuhe ☆, WANG Xinyu ☆, SHEN Yuanbo, WANG Bo, Muhammad Mehran Abbas, Zeb Sidra, LIANG Yan
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 56-62. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.5030
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    Abstract：The tomato SlDSP gene is involved in the regulation of sepal morphology．To investigate the relationship between tomato calyx morphology and fruit quality composition，wild-type tomato TI1101 with naturally mutated dsp calyx base and upright calyx blackberry tomato（WT）with overexpressed SlDSP gene calyx base plants were used as materials．The main fl avor quality，nutritional quality，and commercial quality of mature fruits were compared and analyzed．The results showed that mutations or overexpression of the SlDSP gene led to diff erent calyx shapes in tomatoes，which in turn aff ected the total sugar content，glucose content，fructose content，sugar-to-acid ratio，lycopene content，vitamin C content，soluble solids content， and calyx depression size．These traits were signifi cantly higher in the encapsulated calyx tomato than in the basal calyx tomato，and the basal calyx tomato was signifi cantly higher than the erect calyx tomato．Total acid content，citric acid content，and malic acid content were signifi cantly higher in erect calyx tomatoes than in basal calyx tomatoes，and basal calyx tomatoes were signifi cantly higher than in enveloped calyx tomatoes． Single fruit weight and fruit fi rmness were signifi cantly higher in enveloped and erect calyx tomatoes than in basal fl at calyx tomatoes．This indicates that tomato calyx morphology not only aff ects fruit appearance quality but also plays an important role in fruit nutritional quality and taste．Regulation of calyx morphology by the SlDSP gene is an eff ective approach to improving fruit quality．
  • Cloning，Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis of ERECTA Gene in Watermelon under Abiotic Stress
    SUN Xiangyu1, 2, GONG Shiqi1, 2, LUO Yusong1, 2, ZHANG Chengtao1, 2, SONG Huijuan1, 2, SUN Longjun3, HE Changzheng1, 2, TANG Bingqian1, 2, SUN Xiaowu1, 2, DAI Sihui1, 2
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 63-69. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.5017
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    Abstract：In this study，employed bioinformatics methods to analyze the physicochemical properties，conserved domains，transmembrane domains，and secondary/tertiary protein structures of the watermelon ERECTA gene（gene ID：Cla97C05G096750）．Additionally，phylogenetic tree clustering analysis was performed．The full-length CDS sequence of the watermelon ERECTA gene was cloned，and its tissue-specific expression patterns under abiotic stresses were investigated ．The results revealed that the ERECTA gene spans 6 894 bp，containing 27 exons and 26 introns，and is located on chromosome 5（25 867 785-25 874 678 bp），encoding 991 amino acids ．Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this amino acid sequence shares a close evolutionary relationship with melon and cucumber，while showing the most distant relationship with rice．qRT-PCR demonstrated that the ERECTA gene exhibited higher expression levels in female fl owers and leaves，but the lowest in stems. Under salt stress，its expression was upregulated，whereas it showed an initial increase followed by a decrease under drought and cold stresses，suggesting its potential role in stress responses． This study provides a foundation for future functional investigations of this gene in watermelon and targeted improvement of key agronomic traits．
  • Comprehensive Evaluation of Saline-alkaline Tolerance of 45 Tomato Materials During Seed Germination
    ZHANG Huanhuan1, 2, ZHANG Zongjie1, 2, SU Xiaomei1, LIU Shumei1, DONG Weiwei3, YANG Jian4, WANG Qingchuan5, HOU Lixia1, LYU Hongjun1
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 70-82. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.5029
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    Abstract： In order to screen and evaluate the germplasm resources of tomato tolerant to salt and alkali，four salts（NaCl，Na2SO4，NaHCO3，and Na2CO3）were combined in a 1∶9∶9∶1 molar ratio to prepare saline-alkaline solutions of 10、30、50 mmol · L-1，facility distilled water as a control，which were used to investigate the effects of salt-alkali stress on seed germination across 45 tomato materials．Germination potential，germination rate， hypocotyl length，radicle length，germination index，and vigor index were measured，and the saline-alkali tolerance was evaluated comprehensively by principal component analysis （PCA）and membership function method．The results showed that saline-alkali stress signifi cantly inhibited the germination ability of tomato seeds，but there were obvious diff erences for salinity-alkali tolerance among different materials．At 30 mmol · L-1 stress，the germination potential and germination rate of 45 materials decreased by 1.00-95.67 percentage points，and the germination rate decreased by 1.00-66.33 percentage points，which could well reflect the difference in salinity tolerance among tomato materials．The results showed that saline-alkali stress signifi cantly inhibited the germination capacity of all tomato materials，but the salt tolerance of diff erent materials were signifi cant diff erences．Ten saline-alkaline tolerant tomato materials were identifi ed，including 2 wild tomato materials（W4，W3），and 8 S..lycopersicum（BIG）materials（B28， B13，B17，B36，B12，B25，B37，B39） ．The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the screening and utilization of germplasm resources of saline-alkali tolerant tomato.

  • Inheritance，Germplasm Collection and Screening of Fusarium Root Rot Resistance during the Seedling Stage in Pumpkin
    ​ ZHANG Shaohuan1, 2, ZHANG Guoyu2, ZHANG Fan2, TIAN Jiaxing2, LI Haizhen2, WU Ruigang1, ZHANG Shasha2, GENG Lihua2
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 92-100. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.5018
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    Abstract：Fusarium root rot，caused by F. solani in the soil，has been reported as a devastating disease in commercial pumpkin worldwide. An effective strategy for controlling this disease is the development of resistant varieties；however，very few commercial cultivars resistant to the pathogen are currently available. To fi nd resistant genetic source of pumpkin against Fusarium root rot，the isolate of F. solani was identifi cated by PCR technique with specific primers，and 252 accessions were manually inoculated with F. solani in the seedling stage. Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium root rot in inbred line GFB130（Cucurbita moschata Duch.） was also studied with six generations（P1，P2，F1，F2，BC1P1 and BC1P2）. The results show that the causal agent resulting in root rot in pumpkin was Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 in Beijing. Out of the 252 accessions screened，4 showed high tolerant，7 exhibited moderately tolerant，59 were susceptible and 182 were very susceptible to Fusarium root rot. Resistant and susceptible accessions accounted for 4.4% and 95.6%，respectively．The genetic analysis results revealed that a single dominant gene conferred resistance to Fusarium root rot in GFB130（C. moschata）and its generation. These results will facilitate development of resistant varieties of pumpkin to control this disease.
  • Effects of Combined Biogas Slurry with Chemical Fertilizer on Yield of Cabbage，Soil Nutrient Content and Bacterial Community
    YAN Liuying, ZHANG Jitao, LIU Huatao, LIU Enke, CHEN Qiong
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 101-108. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.4023
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    Abstract：The research used‘Shinong 591’cabbage as the test material，and conducted to study the effects of no fertilization（NF），fertilization with chemical fertilizers（CF），replacing 25% of chemical nitrogen with biogas slurry（BS25），replacing 50% of chemical nitrogen with biogas slurry（BS50）， replacing 75% of chemical nitrogen with biogas slurry（BS75），replacing 100% of chemical nitrogen with biogas slurry（BS100），and combining biogas slurry with fertilizers（BSF）on the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of cabbage，as well as soil fertility and bacterial community structure by the a randomized block experiment．The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the yield of cabbage among different fertilization treatments，but the BSF reached the highest yield at 74.08 t · hm-2．Compared with the CF，the BS25，BS50，BS75，BS100 signifi cantly reduced the TPp and TKp contents of the cabbage plants，by 16.56%-34.38% and 12.69%-25.73%，respectively．Compared with CF，the BS50，BS75 and BSF signifi cantly increased the NAA and UEF of cabbage．The biogas slurry with chemical fertilizers treatments were reduced the soil electrical conductivity（EC）value while increased the soil DOC content and Chao1 index，and the soil DOC content gradually increased as the substitution ratio of biogas slurry．The NMDS analysis shows that the type of fertilizer application，the method of blending with biogas slurry，and the amount of substitution all aff ected soil bacterial communities construct．In conclusion，the BS50，BS75 and BSF treatment can ensure the yield of cabbage，improve the effi ciency of nutrient absorption and utilization，and increase the content of soil DOC．The BSF has the best eff ect in improving nutrient utilization efficiency and soil fertility among all treatments．
  • Fungicides Screening and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Lettuce Anthracnose in Sichuan
    HAN Shuai1, MIAO Mingjun3, WU Jie1, ZHANG Heqing1, 2, XI Yadong1, 4
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 109-116. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.4024
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    Abstract：The pathogen responsible for lettuce anthracnose in Lixian County was identified using morphological and molecular biological methods，and its biological properties were determined．The pathogen， which formed fl esh-pink colony，can survive within the temperature from 10 ℃ to 30 ℃ on PDA．It growed fastest and produced largest conidia on V8 medium at 20 ℃．The conidia were hyaline，smooth，fusiform，or asymmetric obtuse triangle．Koch’s postulates suggested that all strains induced shot-hole appearance on the leaves and sunken elliptical lesions on the midrib and stem，which closely resembled fi ed symptoms．Through phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA ITS sequence，the strains were ultimately identified as Marssonina panattoniana．Ten fungicides were chosen to assess their efficacy against lettuce anthracnose in both pot and field experiments．The results indicated that azoxystrobin，tebuconazole，prochloraz and mancozeb demonstrated eff ectiveness（over 85%）in the pot trials．Prochloraz showed the best performance（89.86%）in field.

  • Revitalization of Radish Landrace‘Maidiwan’
    GAN Caixia1, ZHU Hua2, DENG Xiaohui1, CUI Lei1, JIAO Zhenbiao1, YANG Qian1, YU Xiaoqing1, QIU Zhengming1, YAN Chenghuan1
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 117-120. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.0042
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    Abstract：Radish‘Mediwan’variety is a nationa l geographical indication agricultural product，rich in various nutrients． The radish‘Mediwan’has undergone signifi cant varietal degradation resulting from longterm seed retention by farmers．Throug h the continuous selection of 5 self-crossed optimized generations， a radish line with close to standard traits was obtained，and the related agronomic traits and nutrients of radish‘Maidiwan’were investigated．After revitalization，the ratio of simple-leaf vs lobed-leaf type was increased from 20% to 87%，compared to the rule family propagated plants．The average plant height，taproot diameter，total plant weight，and single taproot weight were 31.60 cm，8.47 cm，0.89 kg，0.75 kg， respectively，all values of which were higher than those before purifi cation．The standard deviation of each indicator was lower than that before purifi cation．Nutritional components were quantifi ed as 254.67 μg · g-1 VC，1.36 mg · g-1 free a mino acids，59.10 mg · g-1 soluble sugars，7.9 g · kg-1 protein，60.3 g · kg- 1 dry
  • Effects of Planting Density on Population Yield and Benefit of Fresh Soybean-Fresh Waxy Maize Strip Intercropping
    LIU Qiannan1, LIANG Yuwen1, ZENG Jinghan1, WU Ranran2, WU Yan2, GUO Jian1, LI Guanghao1, LU Dalei1
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 121-128. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.5028
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    Abstract ：To clarify the appropriate planting density of fresh soybean-fresh waxy maize（4//2）strip intercropping pattern in Jiangsu Province，the population yield，leaf characteristics，agronomic parameters， accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen，and economic benefi t under combinations of six planting densities： soybean planting densities of 240 000（D1），195 000（D2）and 150 00 0（D3 ）grain per hectare under 60 000 maize grain per hectare and the soybean densities were 240 000（D4），195 000（D5）and 150 000（D6）grain per hectare under 45 000 maize grain per hectare，respectively，were compared using fresh soybean‘Sucheng No.4’and fresh waxy maize‘Suyunuo No.5’as materials．The results showed that the fresh pod yield of soybean was 6 870 kg · hm-2，and the fresh ear yield of waxy maize was 6 703 kg · hm-2 under D1，which was the highest among six planting density combinations．Under the same planting density of waxy maize，the leaf area index and total accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in fresh soybean gradually increased with the increase of planting density，whereas the agronomic parameters were similar among six densities．Under the same density of fresh soybean，the leaf area index，ear height，and accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen of fresh waxy maize were higher under 60 000 grain per hectare，whereas the rate of commercial ear was higher under 45 000 grain per hectare．Among different planting density combinations，the output value and net income were the highest under D1，reached 43 598 and 21 302 yuan · hm-2，respectively，followed by the D2． In conclusion，in the fresh soybean and fresh waxy maize 4//2 strip intercropping pattern in Jiangsu，increasing the planting density of fresh soybean and fresh waxy maize（with a planting density in 240 000 grain per hectare for fresh soybean and 60 000 grain per hectare for fresh waxy maize）similar to its optimal density under monoculture pattern can improve both population yield and economic benefi ts simultaneously．

  • Effects of Light and Temperature Environment in Multi-span Intelligent Greenhouses on the Growth，Development，and Yield of Cherry Tomato‘Sapolo’
    LEI Hui1, REN Tongtong2, JIA Ziyin1, Liu Bingqi1, WANG Kangli3, LIU Xiangwei3, WANG Shaohui2
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 129-141. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.2027
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    Abstract：Multi-span smart greenhouses，a representative type of modern horticultural facilities，its main cultivated tomato varieties have long relied on imported from abroad and basic data on the environmental factors necessary for localized tomato cultivation are insufficient for cultivation instruction．Cherry tomato variety‘Sapolo’is the maily uesd variety imported abroad，we conducted light-temperature coupling regulation experiments during the entire growth period in Beijing multi-span smart greenhouses．Results showed that ‘Sapolo’requires 2 941.60 ℃ · d eff ective accumulated temperature（base temperature 10 ℃）and accumulates25 661.29 μmol · m-2 · s-1 photosynthetic active radiation（PAR）during its growth cycle of 240 days from transplanting to vine removal．At fi nal harvest stage，plants exhibited：756.17-821.93 cm height，8.28-10.12 mm stem diameter，96.15-101.85 cumulative leaves，23.95-28.60 infl orescences，23.70-27.00 fruit clusters，and 6.31-7.14 kg yield per plant．This pioneering study clarifi es the light-temperature requirement thresholds and yield formation patterns of‘Sapolo’in northern China’s multi-span smart greenhouses，providing theoretical basis for breeding specialized cherry tomato varieties in domestic facility agriculture．
  • Phenotypic Genetic Diversity and Nutritional Composition Analysis of Kohlrabi Germplasm Re sources in Northern Zhejiang
    ZHOU Xiaoyu1, ZHANG Feixue2, ZHOU Lili2, WANG Fengying2, ZHAO Gen2, HE Qinling1, SHEN Weixin2
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 142-152. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.0041
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    Abstract：To facilitate the efficient utilization the kohlrabi（Brassica oleracea L. var. caulorapa DC.）germplasm resources effectively in China，this study aimed to screen and identify superior varieties for cultivation in northern Zhejiang．Thirty-one kohlrabi cultivars collected nationwide were consecutively cultivated for three years in Huzhou City，Zhejiang Province．Principal component analysis，correlation analysis and cluster analysis were employed to comprehensively evaluate their key agronomic traits and nutritional quality indicators．The results revealed that the coefficient of variation of agronomic traits amongthe 31 cultivars ranged from 12.7%-53.1%，with genetic diversity indices spanning 0.37-2.02．Significant differences were observed in the nutritional quality indicators of 10 representative cultivars，indicating rich genetic diversity within the tested germplasm．Based o n integrated phenotypic-agronomic traits analysis，nutritional quality determination，texture and taste evaluation，eight elite kohlrabi varieties were identified as suitable for pr omotion in Northern Zhejiang．This study provides a scientifi c basis for kohlrabi germplasm evaluation，optimization of breedi ng parents，and selection of cultivation materials．
  • Relationship between Leaf Area and Fruit Yield and Quality of Oriental Melon
    FENG Liyan , DONG Xiangjie , NIE Lanchun, ZHAO Jiateng, WANG Guoqiang, ZHAO Wensheng
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 153-159. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.5027
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    Abstract：To determine the optimal number of leaves retained for achieving high-quality and high-yield in thin-skinned melons，study using‘ Boyang 61’，a predominant cultivar of the sheephorn-type thin-skinned melon．The study focused on the impact of leaf retention on the accumulation and distribution of plant dry matter，yield per plant，and fruit quality．The results showed that the regression equation of melon leaf area was：LA = -26.996L - 25.210W + 1.947LW + 587.450（L：leaf length，W：leaf width，LA：leaf area）． Keeping 12 leaves above the 15th node of the plant was benefi cial for dry matter accumulation and distribution to the fruit．The yield per plant（y1）and total sugar content of the fruit（y2）fi rst increased and then decreased with the increase of leaf area per plant（x），showing a parabolic relationship．The fitting equations were：y1 = -0.000 1x2 + 1.127 3x - 856.79（R2 = 0.436 8）和y2 = -3 × 10-9x2 + 3 × 10-5x - 0.030 1（R2 = 0.583 5，P ＜ 0.01）Based on the equation，it can be known that under the conditions of this experiment，leaving 12to 14 leaves above the 15th node from fruit setting can not only achieve the maximum yield per plant，but also the total sugar content of the fruit is the highest．Considering ventilation and light transmission，12 leaves can be left in production．The experimental results can provide a reference basis for the reasonable pruning and leaf retention of thin-skinned melons．

  • Effects of Diff erent Waste Coconut Bran Formula Substrates on the Growth and Yield of Strawberry in the Facility
    FENG Qian, WANG Liu, PEI Qingyu, PAN Shoujiang, TIAN Jing, LU Shaowei, LI Shao
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 160-166. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.4017
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    Abstract：In order to explore the feasibility of using waste coconut substrates alone or in combination to replace traditional substrates for facility strawberry cultivation，strawberry variety‘ Hongyan’ was used as the experimental material，and the traditional substrate of 60% peat + 20% vermiculite + 20% perlite was used as the control（CK）．The application eff ects of 100% waste coconut bran（T1），70% waste coconut bran + 30% perlite（T2），50% waste coconut bran + 50% perlite（T3）and traditional substrate were compared． The results showed that there was no signifi cant diff erence in the physical properties of the substrate between T2 treatment and CK after seedling pulling，and there were no signifi cant diff erences in the contents of organic matter，nitrate nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potassium between T2 treatment and CK．There was no signifi cant diff erence in the growth index and SPAD value of strawberry leaves between T2 treatment and CK，but the plant height was signifi cantly higher than that of T1 treatment．All treatments signifi cantly increased the net photosynthetic rate of strawberry leaves，and T2 treatment increased it by 36.99% compared with CK．The sugar-acid ratio of fruits treated with T2 and T3 increased by 23.91% and 35.81%，respectively， compared with CK，and the diff erence was signifi cant．There was no signifi cant diff erence in yield between each treatment and the control．After accounting，the reuse of waste coconut bran reduced the substrate cost．The substrate cost of T2 treatment was 0.90 yuan · plant-1，which was 63.71% lower than that of CK and promoted the growth and development of strawberry plants as well as the improvement of quality．The economic and ecological benefi ts were signifi cant．Considering cost saving and yield，T1 treatment is also a better choice in production.
  • Effects of Tomato Cultivation Varieties on the Host Selectivity of Tuta absoluta in Beijing Facilities
    WU Rui1, WANG Lanyue1, ZHANG Xueyan2, WANG Li3, LI Weiwei1, CUI Meili1, TANG Zeying1, GU Zhendong1, TONG Hailin1, ZHONG Lianquan1, CHEN Huaimeng1
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 167-172. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.2024
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    Abstract：The major invasive pest，the Tuta absoluta，prefers to feed on tomatos．To clarify the impact of diff erent tomato cultivation varieties on the host selectivity of Tuta absol uta，we studied the diff erences in biological parameters such as adult activity range selectivity，oviposition selectivity，hatching and emergence rates，and larval feeding selectivity of three tomato varieties（‘Jingcai No.8’，‘ Futesi’，‘Sh engluolan’） under facility cultivation conditions in the Beijing．The results show ed that the adults prefer to live in‘Jingcai No.8’planting area ．The sticky boards in‘Jingcai No.8’planting area had the most of accum ulated captured adults which was significantly higher than‘Futesi’and‘Shengluolan’from February 25th to Fridy 5th， 2024．There was no signifi cant diff erence in the number of adults accumulated captured between‘Futesi’and ‘Shengluolan’planting areas．The oviposition selectivity of adults a nd the hatching ratio of eggs on‘Jingcai No. 8’and‘Futesi’were significantly higher than those on‘Shengluolan’，while there was no significant difference in adult emergence rate among th e three varieties．The larva fed on the leaves of diff erent varieties of tomato，the difference was obvious．The 2nd，3rd and 4th instar larvae preferred to feed on the leaves of‘Jingcai No.8’，after 72 hours inoculation，the feeding area of leaves reached 99.7 mm2，174.90 mm2，199.6 mm2，which was significantly higher than that of the larvae on the leaves of‘Shengluolan’．In conclusion，the activity area selectivity，oviposition selectivity，hatching ratio and larval feeding selectivity of tomatos was lowest on the‘Shengluolan’．This study can provide a scientifi c basis for the breeding of resistant tomato varieties of Tuta absoluta and the ecologically-based pest management of tomatos．
  • A New Colored Sweet Pepper F1 Hybrid —‘Jiyan 201’
    MENG Ya’ning, ZHANG Hongxiao , FAN Yanqin, ZHANG Zhe, LI Xinxin, YAN Libin
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 173-176. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.0047
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    Abstract：‘Jiyan 201’is a new colored sweet pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing male-sterile dualpurpose line‘AB91-FZ-1742’as femal e parent and inbred line‘CLY19-8-1-4-2’as male parent．It is mid -maturing，with first flower borne on the 9-10th node．The plant is a relatively op en architecture，and exhibits strong continuous fruit-setting ability．The fruit is lantern-shaped，with high firmness，ex cellent storage and transport tolerance．The fruit surface is smooth and glossy．The unrip e fruit is green，and commodity mature f ruit is red．The average fruit length is 9.8 cm，shoulder width is 8.9 cm，fl esh thickness is 0.6 cm，and single fruit weig ht is 236 g．The fruit is sweet and crisp，w ith soluble sugar content is 33.47 mg · g-1， and VC content is 1 561 m g · kg-1．It is tolerant to low temperatures and weak light．Its resistance to blight， viral diseases，and anthracnose is stronger than that o f the control variety‘Marcos’．The yield is about 60 t · hm-2．It is suitable for early spring planting in greenhouses and late autumn planting in solar greenhouses in Shijiazhuang and Handan，Hebei Province．
  • A New Pepper Variety —‘Dongshuxiaogoujiao’
    LIU Shuyan, QIN Delei, XU Yuanjing, WANG Luocai, WANG Jianquan, YAN Changzhi, LIU Jilin, QIN Jing
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 177-179. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.0045
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    Abstract：‘Dongshuxiaogoujiao’is a new early-maturing pepper variety developed through systematic breeding from the local variety‘Gougoujiao’o rigina ting in Zaozhuang，Shandong Province．The growth period is about 180 days．The plant type is semi-erect，wit h 70-80 cm in height．The fi rst fl ower is born at the 10-11th node．The ability to set fruit continuously is strong．The fruit is horn-shaped，with 13-15 cm in length，about 1.3 cm in shoulder width，about 0.1 cm in fl esh thickness，and single fruit weight is 10-15 g．The commodity mature fruit is green，and the ripe fruit is red，with slightly wrinkled surface and distinctive strong spicy fl avor． The VC content is 1 560 mg · kg-1，and capsaicin content is 462 mg · kg-1．It is moderately resistant to CMV、TMV，phytophthora blight，and anth racnose．The yield is a bout 22.5 t · hm-2．I t is suitable for cultivation in greenhouses and open fi elds during spring in southern Shandong Prov ince and northern Jiangsu Province．
  • A New Bean Variety —‘Liannongzaofeng No.1’
    ZENG Yan, GUO Ji anhua
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 180-183. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.0044
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    Dalian Modern Agricultural Production Development Service Center，Dalian 116036，Liaoning，China
    Abstr act：‘Liannongzaofeng No.1’is a new bean variety developed through hybridization using‘Liannongzixia No.1’as female parent and‘Liannongjiadou No.10’as male parent，followed by pedigree selection．It is a rambler plant and infi nite growth type．It is mid-maturing，and the fi rst flower sets on 1-3th node．It takes about 63 days from sowing to first harvest．The commodity pod is white-green in color and flat-rounded stick-shaped，with an average length of 23.0 cm，width of 1.5 cm，thickness of 1.3 cm，and pod shape index of 1.15．The average single pod weight is 23.0 g，containing 6-9 seeds．The dorsal and ventral sutures develop short to medium vascular bundles，and no suberization in mesocarp cell walls，resulting in low fi ber content an d a tender，crisp texture ．The seeds are kidney-shaped，with white seed coatsand a 1 000-seed weight of about 335 g．It is high resistance to rust．The yield is about 37.5 t · hm-2 in spring cultivation，and about 33.0 t · h m-2 in autumn cultivation．It is suitable for spring and autumn cultivation in greenhouses and open fi elds in northern China．
  • A New Potato Variety —‘Longshu No.7’
    GAO Yunfei, LI Qingquan, WANG Qiao, WANG Yue, NIU Zhimin, NAN Xiangri, ZHANG Lijuan, SHENG Wanmin
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 184-186. https://doi.org/10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.0046
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    Abstract：‘Longshu No.7’is a new fresh type potato variety developed through sexual hybridization using‘11503-4’as female parent and‘Bradon’ as male pare nt，followed by selection and identification．It is mid-maturing，with growth period of about 85 days，and yield of about around 42 t · hm-2．The tuber is short-ovoid，with yellow skin an d light yellow fl esh，shallow eyes and smooth skin surface．The dry matter content is 23.90%，reducing sugar content is 2.10%，VC content is 195.80 mg · kg-1，and starch content is 17.90%．The fl avor quality is excellent．It is resistant to late blight，moderately resistant to potato virus X（PVX） and potato virus A（PVA）．It is suitable for cul tivation in all ecological regions of Heilongjiang Province．
  • Investigation and Analysis of the Production Status of Celery in Hebei Province
    CHENG Jiaxu, FENG Shuo, CAO Weiping, JIA Haimin, WU Qingjun, SONG Jian
    China Vegetables. 2025, 1(7): 187-191.
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    Abstract：In view of the major problems in celery production in Hebei Province，such as continuous cropping obstacles and frequenet occurence of diseases and pests，this paper carried out investigations and research on the basis situation of celery planting scale，planting mode，cropping arrangement，as well as the types and control of major diseases and pests．The results show that celery cultivation in Hebei Province is mainly concentrated in spring，autumn and winter，with open fi eld and facility cultivation，and chemical agents are often used to control diseases and pests of celery．In addition，Bradysia dodriphaga and bulb mite， which are underground pests of celery，were newly discovered．Meanwhile，countermeasures and suggestions for celery planting were put forward from the aspects of agricultural control，physical control，biological control and chemical control，to achieve the green and efficient development of celery industry in Hebei Province．
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