During‘The 14th Five-year Plan’period，China’s vegetable industry has undergone rapid
expansion in facility-based and intensive production．Driven by multiple factors，including climate change，
continuous cropping obstacles，and long-distance transport of seedlings，the occurrence patterns of vegetable diseases have shown several notable trends：increasing risks of seedborne and nursery-transmitted diseases；worsening soilborne diseases and continuous cropping disorders；frequent outbreaks of viral diseases；recurring epidemics of high-humidity diseases；and the emergence of new invasive diseases．These trends pose serious challenges to the stable supply，production security，and quality safety of vegetables．Based on national monitoring data on vegetable diseases collected from 2021 to 2025，this paper systematically reviews the epidemiological dynamics，key characteristics，and underlying driving mechanisms of disease occurrence．
Furthermore，it identifies future priorities for disease prevention and control，aiming to provide a scientific reference for the effective management of vegetable diseases and the green，high-quality development of China’s vegetable industry．

Against the backdrop of global economic volatility and rising uncertainties in agricultural
development，the resilience of China’s garlic supply chain has become increasingly important for maintaining
industrial stability and safeguarding market supply，given China’s position as the world’s largest producer，
consumer，and exporter of garlic. Based on national statistical data，official reports from the Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，and field survey data from major garlic-producing regions，this study
systematically examines the operational structure and resilience characteristics of China’s garlic supply chain
from a value chain perspective．Particular attention is given to production costs and mechanization levels，
climate-related risks，storage and processing capacity，and value chain extension in order to identify the
major constraints affecting supply chain stability．The findings indicate that China’s garlic industry has
developed a production pattern characterized by high regional concentration，well-established cold-chain
infrastructure，and digitalized trading systems，collectively enhancing its capacity to absorb routine market
fluctuations．Nevertheless，the overall resilience of the garlic supply chain remains constrained by low
production mechanization，continuously rising production costs，insufficient risk-buffering capacity in storage and processing，and limited development of deep processing and market expansion．Accordingly，this study
proposes strengthening supply chain resilience and competitiveness by accelerating technological upgrading in
key stages，improving supply-demand coordination and market risk management mechanisms，and promoting
the value chain toward higher value-added segments．

This study systematically reviews the development status and key issues of large-span insulated
plastic greenhouses in Shandong Province，based on field surveys in 12 cities and questionnaire surveys and
telephone interviews with 60 growers．The analysis covers structural parameters，construction materials，
environmental performance，mechanization level，land use efficiency，cultivation patterns，and economic
benefits．Major problems identified include structural mismatch，material deficiencies，and low intelligence
in environmental control．Accordingly，recommendations are proposed regarding structural standardization，
new material development，smart management，and optimized cultivation layouts，to support the high-quality
development of facility agriculture in the region．

Based on the research on the comprehensive utilization of centralized seedling raising facilities
in vegetable cultivation in Hunan Province，this study systematically analyzes its current situation，mode，
effectiveness，and problems．The results show that the comprehensive utilization rate of facilities in the
province has reached 71.51%．Through the‘ spatiotemporal complementary’ mode（such as intercropping and
crop rotation），an average annual income increase of 3 000-8 000 yuan per 667 m2 can be achieved，and the
land multiple cropping index has increased from 1.2 to 2.5-3.0，effectively alleviating the problem of seasonal
idle facilities and improving economic and resource utilization efficiency．However，there are still challenges
such as lack of regional planning，insufficient technological reserves，financial pressure，market risks，and weak infrastructure．In response，the study proposes measures such as building a comprehensive planning
system，strengthening technical training and adaptation，expanding financing channels，improving the market
system，and enhancing infrastructure to promote the development of‘grain vegetable synergy’and provide
a scientific basis for improving the comprehensive utilization level of facilities and promoting farmers’ income
increase．

The vegetable industry holds significant strategic importance for ensuring people’s livelihoods，
promoting economic growth，advancing agricultural modernization，and supporting rural revitalization．
Through in-depth investigation of the vegetable industry in Meizhou City，a systematic analysis was conducted
on its development status in production，layout，structure，technology，operation，and sales．It was
clearly pointed out that the current industry has weak foundations，low levels of scale and industrialization，
short industrial chains，insufficient scientific and technological support，low comprehensive benefits，weak
professional technical support，and lagging brand building．In response to the above issues，propose
countermeasures and suggestions such as efficient utilization of land resources，construction of a full chain
technolgoy support system，strengthening brand building，and improving policy guarantee system，in order to
provide a reference for enhancing the competitiveness and sustainable development level of Meizhou’s vegetable
industry．

Isolated microspore culture serves as a highly efficient breeding tool capable of rapidly
generating homozygous doubled haploid（DH）materials，significantly shortening the breeding cycle．This
technology holds substantial importance for improving the breeding efficiency of Brassica vegetables．This
paper reviews the research progress of isolated microspore culture technology in China，specifically focusing
on its applications in disease-resistant breeding，molecular marker-assisted breeding，and genetic resource
innovation in Brassica oleracea L．It elaborates on the effects of key factors including donor genotype，
selection of donor material at the optimal stage，heat shock treatment，medium optimization，plant growth
regulators，and additives on embryoid induction and plant regeneration．Furthermore，the study proposes
future prospects for further enhancing the efficiency and precision of Brassica oleracea L. through the
optimization of the microspore culture technical system．

High planting density，short growth cycles，and intensive multiple cropping systems
in protected vegetable production often lead to the frequent occurrence of soil-borne diseases，thereby
severely affecting crop yield and quality．Soil chemical fumigation has become one of the most widely
applied，efficient，and reliable techniques for the control of soil-borne diseases，pests，and weeds．This
paper systematically reviews the research progress in soil chemical fumigation technology and its associated
equipment，with particular emphasis on the types of commonly used soil fumigants，fumigation methods，and
application equipment．On this basis，future development trends of soil chemical fumigation technology are
discussed，aiming to provide a reference for the control of soil-borne diseases，pests，and weeds，as well as
for the development of soil disinfection equipment．

Postharvest tomatoes are susceptible to gray mold（Botrytis cinerea）infection，resulting in
postharvest decay of tomatoes and huge economic losses．Biological control，as a green and environmentally
friendly control scheme for controlling gray mold diseases，has important research value．In this paper，the
pathogenic mechanism of postharvest tomato gray mold is systematically expounded．At the same time，the
ability and effect of microorganisms，plant extracts and essential oils commonly used in biological control
to inhibit B.cinerea are evaluated．In addition，the synergistic application of biological control agents and
the latest methods of biological control are analyzed，and the biological control strategy is combined with
artificial intelligence and high-precision digital sensors to achieve real-time monitoring of postharvest tomato
environmental conditions and precise application of biological control agents，thereby effectively preventing the
occurrence of postharvest tomato gray mold．Finally，the prospects of biological control of gray mold disease
are discussed．

The heat shock protein 20（HSP20）family，as small molecule heat shock proteins，plays an
important role in plant growth and development，stress response and secondary metabolism．Previous research
have identified HSP20 genetic variations in two mustard germplasms with significantly different glucosinolate
contents，which are presumed to be associated with glucosinolate accumulation．This indicates that HSP20
is closely related to glucosinolate accumulation in mustard，and the hydrolysis products of glucosinolates are
the core components of volatile compounds in mustard．This study was the first to conduct whole genome
identification and expression analysis of the HSP20 family genes in Brassica juncea．A total of 70 BjuHSP20 genes were identified．The molecular weight of encoded proteins range from 15 254.41 Da to 57 448.84 Da，
with isoelectric points between 4.75 and 9.72．Most members to cytoplasmic subfamilies．The BjuHSP20
genes are unevenly distributed across 18 chromosomes of B. juncea．Collinearity and homology analysis
revealed conserved relationships of HSP20 genes among B. juncea，Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa．
The analysis of cis acting elements identified 40 elements related to hormone response，stress defense，light
response，and metabolic regulation．Subcellular localization showed that most BjuHSP20 are distributed in
the cell membrane，nucleus，such as mitochondria and golgi apparatus．RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses
demonstrated that BjuHSP20 genes exhibit significant expression differences between aromatic and non-aromatic
mustard accessions，showing specific expression response characteristics．

Calcium-dependent protein kinase（CDPK）are key regulators of stress signal transduction in
plants and participate in responses to drought and other abiotic stresses．However，systematic identification
and drought response mechanisms of the CDPK gene family in ginger（Zingiber officinale R.）remain largely
unclear．In this study，using‘Zhenning Erhuang ginger’as material，genome-wide identification and
bioinformatics analysis were performed to characterize the ZoCDPK gene family，including gene identification，
chromosomal localization and structural analysis．Combined with drought stress treatment，physiological index
detection and qRT-PCR，the drought response patterns of ZoCDPK genes were further investigated．The results
showed that 57 ZoCDPK members were identified from the ginger genome，which were unevenly distributed
on 16 chromosomes and highly conserved in structure．Based on phylogenetic relationships and promoter ciselement
analysis，ZoCDPK10，ZoCDPK19 and ZoCDPK47 were screened as key candidate genes in response
to drought stress．Under drought stress，the photosynthetic system of ginger was damaged，chlorophyll content
and photosynthetic parameters decreased significantly，while water use efficiency increased．qRT-PCR analysis
revealed that all three candidate genes were up-regulated by drought induction：ZoCDPK19 and ZoCDPK47
showed continuous up-regulation，whereas ZoCDPK10 exhibited an early response pattern with an initial
increase followed by a decrease．This study clarifies the basic characteristics and drought response patterns of the
CDPK gene family in ginger，providing important gene resources and theoretical foundations for dissecting the
molecular mechanisms of drought resistance and facilitating molecular breeding in ginger.

Diploid potatoes are important germplasm resources．Screening and evaluating diploid potato
germplasm resources can provide valuable materials for the development of superior new potato germplasm．
To identify for self-compatible and high-yielding diploid potatoes，this study evaluated 68 potato germplasm
resources（including 57 diploids and 11 tetraploids）for chromosome ploidy，self-compatibility，and field
agronomic traits．Regarding ploidy identification，by comparing three methods—leaf length-width ratio，
guard cell chloroplast counting，and flow cytometry—chloroplast counting was identified as a simple and effective method for determining potato ploidy．For self-compatibility identification，6 self-compatible
accessions were identified using the Sli gene molecular marker，including 1 tetraploid accession and 5 diploid
accessions．Through field self-pollination experiments，33 diploid self-compatible accessions were identified，
4 of which contained the Sli gene molecular markers．The field agronomic evaluation results showed that
the diploid accession G18-27-27 exhibited the highest average single-plant yield of 1.23 kg，and was selfcompatible；R8209 produced the highest number of tubers per plant with 25.25 tubers；among the accessions
carrying Sli gene marker，YN20S225-1 had the highest single-plant yield of 0.86 kg，and YN20S145-1
produced the highest number of tubers per plant，with 24.92 tubers．The evaluation methods screened and
the potato germplasm resources evaluated in this study provide a technical reference and material basis for the
improvement of diploid potato germplasm．

An experiment on overwintering tomato cultivation was conducted in a mechanized double‑span
plastic greenhouse in Cangnan County，Wenzhou，Zhejiang Province．The study aimed to investigate the
spatial distribution characteristics of the thermal environment inside the greenhouse and their effects on early
crop growth．Air and soil temperature sensors were installed in the southern（area A）and northern（area
B）zones to continuously monitor temperature variations at different heights．Temperature data were analyzed
alongside crop growth indicators．The main findings were as follows stable north-south temperature gradient
was observed．Both air and soil temperatures in area A were significantly higher than those in area B，by 2.1 and 1.1 ℃，respectively（P ＜ 0.05）．This difference persisted under both sunny and cloudy conditions，
indicating high spatial stability of the thermal environment．The accumulated effective temperature in area A
reached 381.8 ℃ · d，which was 102.0 ℃ · d higher than that in area B．The temperature variation between
the north and south was primarily influenced by external boundary conditions．The northern side，adjacent to a
river，experienced enhanced nighttime heat dissipation and lower soil temperatures．In contrast，the southern
side was close to other multi‑span greenhouse structures，where heat storage from neighboring buildings slowed
the nighttime cooling rate．As a result，a consistent spatial pattern of higher temperatures in the south and
lower temperatures in the north was maintained．Differences in the thermal environment significantly affected
early tomato growth．Plant height in area A was significantly greater than that in area B at multiple measurement
stages，and this growth advantage was closely associated with higher air and soil temperatures as well as higher
accumulated effective temperature．In conclusion，this study demonstrates the spatial stability of the thermal
environment in a mechanized double‑span plastic greenhouse in the Wenzhou area and its influence on tomato
growth．The results provide a reference for structural optimization and thermal environment management of
similar greenhouses in southern Zhejiang．

Saline-alkali stress is one of the major abiotic adversities limiting crop production，inhibiting
plant growth by disrupting soil physicochemical properties and inducing ion toxicity and oxidative stress．
Approximately 20% of global irrigated farmland is threatened by salinization，necessitating the development
of saline-alkali-tolerant crop varieties to ensure food security．In this study，350 tomato inbred lines were
subjected to 150 mmol · L-1 NaHCO3 to simulate saline-alkali stress，and 17 tolerant materials were screened
after 15 d of treatment．Among them，lines 105-2，113-2，and 317-2 exhibited outstanding performance，
with shoot fresh weight inhibition rates of only 42.62%，51.55%，and 41.69%，respectively．Further gradient
concentration stress tests on six tolerant materials（108-2，244-1，113-2，105-2，27-1，and 317-3）revealed that 244-1 and 317-3 showed minimal reductions in plant height（12.66% and 10.26%，respectively）
under 150 mmol · L-1 NaHCO3，along with significantly better stem thickness and leaf morphological stability
compared to other lines．Photosynthetic analysis indicated that 244-1，113-2，and 317-3 had the smallest
declines in chlorophyll SPAD values（3 to 8 percentage points）under 150 mmol · L-1 stress．Yield evaluation
demonstrated that 317-3 and 113-2 exhibited relatively minor reductions in single-plant yield（26.86%-31.96%）
under saline-alkali conditions，significantly outperforming sensitive materials．This study confirms significant
variation in saline-alkali tolerance among tomato inbred lines and identifies elite materials such as 317-3 with
both growth stability and yield potential，providing theoretical foundations and germplasm resources for
breeding saline-alkali-tolerant tomatoes．

To identify the key agronomic traits influencing yield in Welsh onion and elucidate their
complex relationships，this study investigated 14 major cultivars cultivated in Jinan，Shandong Province．
A three-year field experiment was conducted to measure 13 agronomic parameters，including plant height，
pseudostem length，and leaf length．Principal component analysis（PCA）and the XGBoost machine learning
model were employed to analyze the association between agronomic traits and yield．The results showed
that four principal components extracted by PCA accounted for 79.52% of the total trait variation，with plant
height，pseudostem length，pseudostem compactness，and leaf transverse diameter identified as key factors
affecting yield formation，thereby providing an effective method for multi-trait comprehensive evaluation．
The XGBoost model combined with the SHAP method quantified the contribution of each trait and established critical thresholds for pseudostem length（32 cm），plant height（102 cm），and leaf transverse diameter
（2.5 cm），offering precise indicators for high-yield breeding．Multivariate analysis revealed synergistic
interactions between plant height and pseudostem length，while demonstrating that moderate regulation of
pseudostem compactness is essential for yield optimization．These findings advance the understanding of yield
physiology in Welsh onion and provide practical insights for cultivar improvement and precision agronomic
management．

Growth-regulating factors（GRFs）are a class of plant-specific transcription factors that
are crucial for the regulation of plant growth，development，and responses to abiotic stress．The GRF
transcription factor family in potato is currently inadequately understood．This work performed a genomewide
identification and analysis of the potato GRF gene family，identifying 12 StGRF members．Phylogenetic
analysis revealed that the 12 StGRFs can be classified into five subgroups，with GroupⅠ containing the largest
number of members．Chromosomal localization showed that StGRF genes were distributed on nine of the twelve chromosomes，with no StGRF genes detected on chromosomes chr05，chr06，and chr11；chromosome chr08
harbored the highest number，with 4 StGRF genes．Analysis of promoter cis-acting elements revealed that
the promoter regions of the majority of StGRF family members contain numerous regulatory elements linked to
abiotic stress and hormonal responses，including those related to jasmonic acid，abscisic acid，drought，and
low temperature．Transcriptomic and expression pattern analysis further verified that StGRF family members
could extensively respond to abiotic stress and hormone treatments．Notably，StGRF3 and StGRF8 exhibited
opposite expression patterns in cold-tolerant and drought-tolerant potato varieties，respectively．In addition，
a regulatory interaction network involving StGRFs and lncRNAs was constructed．These findings provide a
theoretical basis for additional comprehensive studies on the functions of the StGRF gene family in regulating
potato growth，development，and stress responses．

Monolepta hieroglyphica is a common agricultural pest in farmlands of northern China．In
2025，severe damage caused by this pest to lettuce was first discovered in Shangyi County，Hebei Province．
On the basis of clarifying its damage characteristics on organically cultivated lettuce in protected greenhouses，
the combined control efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis and Metarhizium anisopliae biological agents was
evaluated．The results showed that adults of M. hieroglyphica mainly inhabited the abaxial leaf surface of
lettuce and fed on leaf margins with chewing mouthparts，initially causing irregular notches，which later
developed into chlorotic spots or grayish-white withered lesions．In severe cases，withered lesions connected
into pieces and even the whole leaf withered completely．Two foliar applications of 32 000 IU · mg-1 Bacillus thuringiensis G033A wettable powder diluted 300 times combined with 10 billion spores · g-1 Metarhizium
anisopliae wettable powder diluted 300 times exhibited excellent control effect against M. hieroglyphica．Three
days after the second application，the number of adults on lettuce plants and yellow sticky traps both decreased
to zero，with the population reduction rate reaching 100.00%．The results can provide a theoretical reference
for the biological control of M. hieroglyphica on organic lettuce in protected cultivation．

To identify high quality stem lettuce germplasm resources suitable for cultivation on the
Qinghai Plateau，109 accessions were evaluated based on 20 phenotypic traits using genetic diversity analysis，
correlation analysis，principal component analysis（PCA），and cluster analysis，followed by comprehensive
assessment with a fuzzy membership function approach．The genetic diversity index of the investigated traits
ranged from 0.54 to 2.04，with an average value of 1.43．The coefficients of variation for quantitative traits
ranged from 13.32% to 42.65%，among which single plant weight exhibited the greatest variation．Correlation
analysis revealed highly significant positive correlations between single stem weight and single plant weight （r = 0.86），fleshy stem diameter and single plant weight（r = 0.77），as well as fleshy stem diameter and
single stem weight（r = 0.71）．PCA extracted six principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of
76.664%．The first principal component，accounting for 24.36% of the total variation，was mainly associated
with yield related traits，including fleshy stem diameter，single plant weight，and single stem weight．Cluster
analysis classified the 109 germplasm accessions into four groups，with yield performance ranked as Group
Ⅳ ＞ Group Ⅲ ＞ Group Ⅱ ＞ Group Ⅰ．Notably，the five accessions in GroupⅣ all exhibited single plant
weights exceeding 1.62 kg．Comprehensive evaluation based on the fuzzy membership function identified ten
elite germplasm resources with superior overall performance，namely‘Zhongdu No.3’（WS11），‘Xinshijie’
（WS67），‘Zhonghuarewang No.1’（WS70），‘MY111’（WS18），‘MY117’（WS23），‘Erbaipi’
（WS69），‘Qingfengyuanye’（WS58），‘Dubasanxia’（WS59），‘Nongjiawosun No.1’（WS24），
and‘Changdabang’（WS17）．These findings provide a theoretical basis for the conservation，evaluation，
and utilization of stem lettuce germplasm resources on the Qinghai Plateau．

This study was designed to identify the pathogen of celery root rot in Tianjin and screen
fungicides that can effectively inhibit it．Diseased celery root samples collected from Wuqing District，Tianjin，
were isolated and purified using the tissue isolation method．The pathogen was identified by morphological and
molecular methods．The in vitro toxicity of six fungicides against the pathogen was determined by mycelial
growth rate method．The results showed that the pathogen causing celery root rot in Tianjin was identified as
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii race 2（FOA-R2）．Prochloraz and fludioxonil exhibited the strongest inhibitory
effects，with EC50 of 0.06 mg · L-1 and 0.08 mg · L-1，respectively，indicating their potential as candidate
agents for the field control of celery root rot．

Nine inbred lines of dwarf tomato were selected for whole genome re-sequencing．The
characteristics of InDel variation were analyzed，and InDel molecular markers were developed for genetic
diversity analysis and hybrid purity identification．The results showed that 471 190 InDels were identified，
including 218 898 insertions and 252 292 deletions．A total of 79 polymorphic InDel markers distributed on
12 chromosomes were developed，and the polymorphism ratio was 54.86%．The main allele frequencies
ranged from 0.512 7 to 0.974 7，the gene diversity index（Hs）ranged from 0.049 4 to 0.499 7，the expected
heterozygosity（He）ranged from 0.025 3 to 0.303 8．The polymorphism information content（PIC）ranged
from 0.048 1 to 0.374 8，with an average of 0.328 8，and the PIC of 71 makers were greater than 0.200 0，
indicating high polymorphism．InDel markers with polymorphism among parents were selected for purity identification of five hybrid combinations，and three real hybrids with the purity of 100% and two hybrids with
the purity of 96.9% were identified．The results from purity test of five hybrid combinations from InDel markers
matched well with those from field experiments．The InDel markers developed here will provide a solid basis
for genetic diversity analysis and hybrid F1 purity identification of dwarf tomato．

To establish standardized cultivation model of eggplant in large plastic tunnel in early spring，
the eggplant variety‘Guanhong 102’was used as the test material．Under a planting density of 1 905 plants
per 667 m2，with the small high ridge double row（large row spacing 80 cm，small row spacing 60 cm，
plant spacing 50 cm）as the control（CK）．Four treatments of T1（large row spacing 150 cm，small row
spacing 30 cm，plant spacing 39 cm），T2（large row spacing 140 cm，small row spacing 40 cm，plant
spacing 39 cm），T3（large row spacing 130 cm，small row spacing 50 cm，plant spacing 39 cm），T4
（large row spacing 120 cm，small row spacing 60 cm，plant spacing 39 cm）were set up to study the effects
of different large and small row spacing configuration on the growth and yield of eggplant in the large plastic
tunnel．The results showed that 90 d after planting，the plant height，stem diameter，root activity and
chlorophyll（a + b）content were all higher under T2，which were 7.8%，8.2%，8.6% and 13.8% higher
than those in CK，respectively．The yield of T2 was higher than that of CK，which increased by 7.6%．
Therefore，under the experimental conditions，the configuration with a ridge center distance of 180 cm，
large row spacing of 140 cm，small row spacing of 40 cm，and plant spacing of 39 cm can be recommended
as a suitable large and small row spacing arrangement for early spring eggplant cultivation in large plastic
tunnel．

This study investigated the effects of priming with different concentrations of melatonin（MT）
on the germination and seedling growth of aged seedless watermelon seeds，aiming to enhance the vigor and utilization rate of these seeds and to elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying
melatonin-mediated vigor restoration．Using the 2018‘Dayuwuzi No.4’as experimental material，we
conducted priming treatments with melatonin solutions at various concentrations（25，50，100，150，200
μmol · L-1；designated as T1 to T5）．Seeds primed with distilled water served as controls（CK1，with
seed coat cracking；CK2，without seed coat cracking）．We analyzed seed germination and seedling growth
parameters under each treatment．The results showed that different concentrations of melatonin had varying
effects on the germination and seedling growth of aged seedless watermelon seeds．The T3 treatment（100
μmol · L-1）exhibited the most pronounced promoting effect on seed germination and seedling growth．In terms
of seed germination，the germination potential，germination rate，germination index，and vigor index under
T3 were 46.00%，59.33%，9.28，594.03，respectively．These values were significantly higher than those of
CK2，representing increases of 16.00 percentage points，24.66 percentage points，74.76%，and 147.47%，
respectively．Compared with CK1，the germination potential，germination rate，germination index，and
vigor index of the T3 treatment increased by 6.67 percentage points，2.00 percentage points，19.96%，and
10.04%，respectively．These values were slightly better than those of CK1，with no significant differences，
indicating that this treatment could effectively simplify the physical seed coat cracking operation in production．
In terms of seedling growth，plant height，stem diameter，shoot fresh weight，root fresh weight，shoot dry
weight，root dry weight，relative chlorophyll，and root activitycontent under T3 treament were significantly
higher than those of CK2，with increases of 57.96%，35.04%，46.95%，52.69%，46.68%，53.73%，
12.51%，and 41.46%，respectively．Furthermore，the T3 treatment effectively enhanced the antioxidant
enzyme activities in both seeds and seedlings while significantly reducing malondialdehyde（MDA）content．
Compared with CK2，the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD），and catalase
（CAT）in seeds increased by 64.39%，170.24%，and 46.61%，respectively，and the MDA content decreased
by 59.77%，with all differences being statistically significant．Similarly，the activities of SOD，POD，and
CAT in seedlings increased by 51.77%，79.03%，and 14.34%，respectively，and the MDA content decreased
by 48.48%，also showing significant differences．In conclusion，priming with 100 μmol · L-1 melatonin
solution effectively restores the vigor of aged seedless watermelon seeds，thereby promoting seed germination
and seedling growth．

To investigate the impact of substituting varying proportions of biogas fertilizer for chemical
fertilizer on the growth，development，nutrient accumulation，and yield of ginger，specifically using
Shannong No.1 ginger as the experimental subject．Field simulation experiments were conducted with five
distinct treatments：CK（100% chemical fertilizer nitrogen），T1（20% biogas fertilizer replacing chemical
fertilizer nitrogen + 80% chemical fertilizer nitrogen），T2（50% biogas fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer
nitrogen + 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen），T3（80% biogas fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen +
20% chemical fertilizer nitrogen），and T4（50% biogas fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen + 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen + biogas residue replacing 100% base fertilizer）．The impact of each treatment
on the yield，agronomic characteristics，and nutrient accumulation in ginger was examined．The results
indicated that T1，T2，and T4 significantly enhanced the yield of ginger and substantially improved the leaf
area．At the early vigorous growth stage，there was a notable increase in the accumulation of dry matter
and nutrients in ginger under T1，T2，and T4，among which T2 treatment was the best．The accumulation
of dry matter，nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium were 1.28，2.13，2.42，and 1.57 times of that in CK
group，respectively．Conversely，excessive substitution of biogas fertilizer（T3）significantly inhibited the
growth and development of ginger，leading to reduced nutrient absorption and accumulation in various organs，
ultimately resulting in decreased yield．In summary，the treatment involving a 50% substitution of biogas
fertilizer for chemical fertilizer nitrogen，combined with 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen（T2），demonstrated
the most favorable performance．This treatment significantly enhanced the growth and nutrient absorption of
ginger，thereby increasing its yield．

Snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）is an important vegetable crop in China，whose growth
and development are often severely constrained by drought stress．To investigate the alleviating effect of
exogenous allantoin（ALL）on drought stress-inhibited seed germination of snap bean，a drought-sensitive
cultivar‘Huangguan’was used as material，and 20% PEG-6000 was applied to simulate drought conditions．
The effects of seed soaking with different concentrations（1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，10 mmol · L-1）of
ALL on seed germination and physiological characteristics were analyzed．The results showed that drought
stress significantly inhibited snap bean seed germination．Compared with the normal control（CK），the seed germination rate，germination potential，germination index，and vigor index decreased by 83.3 percentage
points，97.8 percentage points，89.8%，and 98.9%，respectively．Meanwhile，superoxide dismutase
（SOD）and catalase（CAT）activities decreased，while the superoxide anion（O2
-.）production rate and bmalondialdehyde（MDA）content increased significantly．Exogenous ALL treatment significantly alleviated stress damage，among which 8 mmol · L-1 ALL had the best effect．Compared with the drought stress treatment，it increased the germination rate and germination potential by 61.1 and 46.7 percentage points，respectively，and enhanced the germination index and vigor index by 7.16 and 21.21 times，respectively．
Furthermore，this concentration effectively increased seed SOD and CAT activities，elevated the contents of
proline（Pro），soluble sugar，and soluble protein，while reducing the O2
-. production rate and MDA content．

To promote the progress of domestic welsh onion seed production technology，the welsh onion
variety‘Hanyu’was selected as experimental material．Eight treatments with different stem retention lengths
were tested，including a control with full stem retention（CK，no cutting）and 10，15，20，25，30，35，
40 cm．The effects of different stem retention lengths on the bolting，flowering and seed maturation time，seed
quality，seed germination and seedling growth of the next generation of welsh onion were studied and analyzed，
in order to provid technical support for the seed production of welsh onion．The results showed that shorter stem
retention lengths facilitated bolting in the following year and reduced seed maturation time．Compared with the
CK，the time to seed maturity was reduced by 3.33 d（the stem retention lengths were 10，15 cm）．Regarding seed quality，the plant bolting rate，seed yield per umbel，and thousand-seed weight of the CK reached their maximum values among the treatments，which were 94.00%，2.53 g，and 3.32 g，respectively．Different
retained stem lengths had certain effects on seed germination of welsh onion，but no clear pattern was observed，
and further study is needed．Additionally，retained stem length did not affect the antioxidant enzyme activity of
welsh onion seeds．The growth vigor of progeny seeds from different treatments was essentially the same at the
seedling stage，and post-transplanting growth performance and yield were also comparable．In summary，if the
objective is to accelerate the seed production cycle，the stem retention length may be set to 10 cm，as this shortens
the duration of bolting，flowering，and seed maturation．If the objective is to obtain the highest seed quality，it
is recommended to retain all stems during seed production to achieve optimal seed quality．

The microenvironment of winter ruanning was analyzed for Lentinula edodes cultivation，
based on three ventilation types of the running plastic house，typeⅠ，axial-flow fan with bottom ventilation；
typeⅡ，distributed fans with top ventilation；type Ⅲ，manual regulation without ventilation facilities．The
microenvironment effect is investigated by the temperature，relative humidity of atmospare in the whole running
period for clearing environment parasites of the Lentinula edodes running in winter．The results showed that
environmental uniformity differs in the ventilation types．The different ventilation types affected the temperature
and the relative humidity of atmospare in the plastic house．The running could be divided into the early stage，
middle stage and late stage according to the characteristics of temperature and relative humidity in whole period．
Therefore，the running management strategy should be proposed based on this investigation and analysis，
including regulating environment depend on running stages，co-control of fan-opening depend on multi-point
temperature，adding vertical and horizontal flow disturbance facilities，increasing turning times，and making
significant lower temperature and humidify before and after punching for increase oxygen．This study will provides support for the running management for Lentinula edodes in winter．

‘Layan 503’is a new three-line hybrid linear pepper bred by the male sterile line‘Ganjiao
No.1 A’as female parent and the inbred line‘GJH2017-13’as male parent．It is medium-maturing，with
whole growth period is about 185 days．The plant shows strong growth status and presents a semi-erect type．
The average plant height is 67.0 cm，and spread degree is 74.5 cm．The fruit shows linear shape，with a peel
color is green in the immature period，and red in the maturity period．The peel presents a slightly wrinkled
surface，and a thin pericarp that suitable for drying．The average fruit length is 19.38 cm，transverse diameter
is 1.81 cm，flesh thickness is 0.15 cm，and single fruit weight is 15.56 g．Its vitamin C content is 1 496.8 mg ·
kg-1，capsaicin content is 2 400.0 mg · kg-1．It sets fruit easily and has 57 fruits per plant averagely．The fresh
red pepper yield is about 21 t · hm-2．It is suitable for open field cultivation in Guizhou areas．

Abstract：‘16Q09’is an new early-maturing purple bulb-shaped eggplant F1 hybrid developed by
crossing the inbred line‘M7’as female parent and‘S2’as male parent．It takes about 110 days from sowing
to harvest．The plant is semi-erect to erect with medium vigor，and the average plant height is 73.8 cm．The
leaf is medium-sized，green-purple with purple veins，no spines，stem and flower are both purple．The
fruit is bulb-shaped and a round apex，with averaging 13.9 cm in length，7.9 cm in diameter，and 272.0 g in
single fruit weight．The peel is purple，stripe-free，smooth，ribless and glossy．The flesh is milky white，
fine，firm and palatable．It shows stronger resistance to Verticillium wilt and Phytophthora blight than the
control‘Liaoqie No.3’．The yield is about 63 t · hm-2．It is suitable for spring protected cultivation and openfield
cultivation in the three northeastern provinces of China where purple bulb-shaped eggplant is popular．

Abstract：‘Lvzhu No.6’is a new mid-maturing green-tipped-leaf stem lettuce variety developed
from‘Lvzhu’seeds treated with 0.7% EMS for 10 hours，combined with systematic selection breeding．The
period is about 60 days from transplanting to harvesting in spring cultivation in Lanzhou area．It has a compact
plant habit with strong growth vigor，and an average plant height of 51 cm．The fleshy stem is long rod-shape，
with green skin and emerald green flesh，sweet taste，and strong unique lettuce flavor．The average singleplant
weight is 1.33 kg，and the yield is about 108 t · hm-2．It is suitable for planting in Lanzhou，Wuwei，
Jinchang，Lintan，Tianshui of Gansu Province and regions with similar ecological conditions．

Abstract：‘Longjiao No.3’is a new water bamboo variety obtained by systematic selection from the latematuring
double-harvest water bamboo‘Longjiao No.2’．It is late-maturing in summer，marketed from late-
May to mid-June，the average weight of water bamboo with leaf sheath is 136.5 g，net weight is 86.8 g，and
yield is about 37.5 t · hm-2．It is early-to-medium maturing in autumn，marketed from early-October to mid-
November，the average weight of water bamboo with leaf sheath is 135.0 g，net weight is 90.9 g，and yield is
about 22.5 t · hm-2．The fleshy stem is conical，with 3 to 5 joints，and bud is white．It has glossy surface，
fine and tender quality，and there are very few gray water bamboo．It is highly resistant to rust disease，and
resistant to brown spot disease．It is suitable for planting in Zhejiang area．