With the continuous improvement of residents’living standards and the ongoing optimization of dietary structures，consumer demands for cabbage quality have changed from outward appearance（regular head shape and vibrant green color）to diversified requirements for taste，nutrition and health．Against this backdrop，this paper focused on China’s cabbage industry toward high-quality demand during‘The 14th Five-Year Plan’period．It analyzed the market demand characteristics of high-quality cabbage and prevalent misconceptions in consumer perception，and summarized the development achievements of the highquality cabbage industry from the aspects of germplasm resource identification and gene mining，new variety development，as well as technique innovations in product processing and quality detection．On this basis，the paper further explored the future development trends of the high-quality cabbage industry．Through the above analyses，this review intends to provide insights for China’s cabbage industry in adaptation to the trend of highquality consumption upgrading and achieving of high-quality development．

During‘ The 14th Five-Year Plan’，important research progress has been made in eggplant genetics and breeding in China．The whole genome sequencing research of eggplant has reached the international advanced level．A number of key genes associated with the important agronomic traits were mapped and cloned，and the regulatory mechanisms were analyzed，as well as the molecular markers suitable for marker-assisted selection were developed．A number of excellent eggplant breeding materials have been selected and created，a lot of new eggplant varieties with different ecological types were cultivated to meet the needs of market consumption，and a great breakthrough has been achieved for the long season cultivation of eggplant varieties of northern facilities．This paper systematically summarized the great progress made during‘The 14th Five-Year Plan’（2021-2025 year）in the application of basic research，breeding technology research，germplasm innovation and new variety breeding of eggplant．The main problems are analyzed and the future research directions that warrant further investigation were outlined．

Developing new quality productivity is an inherent requirement and core focus for promoting high-quality agricultural development．As one of the important pillar industries of agriculture in Beijing，the vegetable industry has been promoted by the emergence of new varieties，technologies，equipment，models，and entities．Research shows that there are currently six mismatches in the vegetable industry chain，including production scale and new production methods，production space and new management methods，high application costs and low operating income，technological maturity and actual needs of production entities，
and labor capacity and demand for new quality productivity，which limit the promotion and application of new quality productivity in Beijing．In this regard，multiple measures are proposed to promote moderate scale production，increase efforts to overcome spatial limitations，provide policy support to reduce costs and improve efficiency，promote technological maturity through technological innovation，and strengthen the quality of
workers through collaborative efforts，in order to explore the path to achieving high-quality development of the vegetable industry in Beijing．

In 2025，the Chinese potato market exhibited notable characteristics such as prices initially being lower and then rising year-on-year，with overall prices remaining at a low level in recent years. It is anticipated that potato market prices in 2026 will be generally higher than those in 2025. Currently，China’s potato industry faces issues such as frequent natural disasters，declining planting profits，and resource and environmental constraints. It is recommended that potato-producing areas focus on enhancing their disaster
prevention and mitigation capabilities，take multiple measures to stabilize potato planting profits，and accelerate the promotion of green development in the potato industry，further driving its sustained and healthy development.

This paper examines whether the rise in relative labor prices has promoted an increase in mechanical input in open-field tomato production．Based on the theory of induced technological change and utilizing production data from 20 provinces spanning 2011-2022，it empirically analyzes the impact of rising relative labor prices on mechanical factor input in open-field tomato cultivation．The results indicate that rising relative labor prices encourage greater mechanical input in open-field tomato production，and this effect
exhibits a lag. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that differences in the development levels of regional agricultural service markets lead to varying degrees of factor substitution among farmers．Specifically，the development of regional agricultural service markets significantly mitigates fertilizer application intensity
by growers in the context of rising relative labor costs，as they increase mechanical input to address higher labor expenses．Accordingly，this paper proposes relevant policy recommendations from the perspectives of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies，fertilizer reduction and substitution，and the development of factor and agricultural service markets．The aim is to overcome the‘ productivity bottleneck’in
open-field tomato production against the backdrop of demographic transition while promoting its green transformation．

Fresh edible corn represents a new direction for the integrated development of the primary，secondary，and tertiary industries，serves as a crucial driver for rural revitalization，and stands as one of the emerging industries with the most competitive advantages and development potential．This article summarizes the current advantages，variety planting，breeding，production and processing status of the fresh edible corn industry in Shandong Province．And we point out the issues existing in fresh edible corn in Shandong Province，such as fewer types of varieties，a lack of superior leading varieties，low level of standardized production and industrialized operation，a lack of policy guidance and financial support，and the tedious process in green certification．Countermeasures such as the breeding of distinctive varieties，promotion of the supporting technology system，industrial integration，and base construction have been proposed to promote the development of the fresh corn industry，aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for promoting the high-quality development of the fresh edible corn industry in Shandong Province．

In order to develop more competitive cultivars，scientists have carried out research on intervarietal or intersubspecific hybridization in Brassica rapa，B. oleracea and many achivements have made．In this paper，the research progress of intervarietal or intersubspecies hybridization breeding were reviewed in B. rapa and B. oleracea．The genetic relationship between varieties or subspecies is very close，there is no problem of cross incompatibility，but the morphological difference is very large．The intervarietal/subspecific hybridization can create more abundant germplasm resources，and the new cultivars can be developed after comparative identification for years．The first cultivar developed from intervarietal cross and wide-scale application in production is Baicaitai（white flowering chinese cabbage）．The earliest cultivar of intervariety
hybrid in B. oleracea is broccolini．Broccolinis are very popular in the western countries and Japan，but not in China although it has been extended for nearly 20 years．Hybridization between other varieties are being done，such as B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis × B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis，B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. purpurea × B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis，B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. purpurea × B. rapa
L. ssp. pekinensis，B. oleracea L. var. capitata × B. oleracea L. var. chinensis Lei，B. oleracea L. var. caulorapa × B. oleracea L. var. chinensis Lei and so on．A lot of elite germpasm has been developed such as male sterile
germplasm and materials resistant to clubroot and so on．

Traditional chemical fertilizers and pesticides can partially meet the needs of crop nutrition
and pest control，but their long-term and excessive application leads to secondary ecological problems such
as soil compaction，acidification，and microbial community imbalance．Meanwhile，it causes a continuous
rise in the quality and safety risks of agricultural products．Against this background，biostimulants，as a new type of green agricultural input with both environmental friendliness and application safety，have attracted increasing attention from the agricultural scientific research and industrial communities．These preparations regulate the physiological metabolism of plants through signal transduction，metabolic regulation，gene expression，and other pathways．They effectively enhance the stress resistance of plants，promote their growth and development，and while improving crop yield and quality，they can significantly improve the soil microecological environment and reduce dependence on chemical inputs．This provides an innovative solution to break through the bottleneck of sustainable development in protected agriculture．This paper systematically sorts out the types of mainstream biostimulants，focuses on analyzing their crop response mechanisms in protected environments，comprehensively evaluates their effects on quality improvement and yield increase，and looks forward to the future research focus directions．It aims to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the scientific application of biostimulants．

To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in broccoli，this study
employed mitochondrial SSR molecular markers to analyze genetic similarity and diversity among 24 advanced
inbred lines．The results showed that a total of 66 bands were amplified by 20 pairs of primers，of which 39
were polymorphic．The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.621 2 to 0.984 8，with a mean value
of 0.843 0．The closest genetic relationships were observed between QD06 and QD05，QD18 and QD16，
QD22 and QD21，the similarity coefficient were 0.984 8．In contrast，the most distant relationship was found
between QD01 and QD23，with a similarity coefficient of 0.621 2．Cluster analysis further confirmed that
QD05 and QD06，QD16 and QD18，and QD21 and QD22 shared the closest kinship，while QD14，QD23
formed separate clusters，indicating relatively distant relationships with other materials．The research results can provide a reference for the subsequent selection of hybrid parents in broccoli．

Using cucumber cultivar‘Jinyou 401’as the experimental material and 50 mmol · L-1 salinealkali
mixed solution as the stress treatment，this study investigated the effects of foliar application of different
concentrations〔0（CK），0.01，0.02，0.04 μmol · L-1〕of 2，4-epibrassinolide（EBR）on the growth
parameters，physiological indices and photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber seedlings under salinealkali
stress．The results showed that，compared with CK，the fresh and dry weights of the aboveground and
underground parts of cucumber seedlings treated with 0.02 μmol · L-1 EBR were significantly improved，and the
leaf area increased by 94.3%，while the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and catalase（CAT）were increased by 56.17% and 50.66%，respectively．The electrolyte leakage rate of leaves and malondialdehyde
（MDA）content decreased by 4.10 percentage points and 39.24%，respectively．The content of Na+
decreased by 17.40%，while the contents of K+ and Ca2+ increased by 24.11% and 28.57%，with all differences
being statistically significant. Additionally，the 0.02 μmol · L-1 EBR treatment significantly enhanced the
photosynthetic capacity of cucumber seedlings under saline-alkali stress．The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal
conductance，and transpiration rate increased by 90.76%，30.05%，and 36.47% compared to the control，
respectively，while intercellular CO2 concentration decreased by 36.47%．The length，width，and openings
length of the stomata on the leaves increased by 23.92%，11.24%，and 36.51%，respectively，all showing
significant differences．In conclusion，foliar application of EBR can enhance the saline-alkali tolerance of
cucumber seedlings by improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes，regulating the ion homeostasis，and
improving photosynthesis，with the 0.02 μmol · L-1 EBR treatment exhibiting the most pronounced effects．

In view of the problems such as low germination rate，slow emergence，and resistance
degradation existing in the current main rootstocks（wild eggplants such as Solanum torvum）of eggplants．In
this study，9 wild eggplant hybrid progenies，previously developed by the Eggplant Research Group of the
Horticultural Institute，Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，were used as rootstock materials．The
cultivated eggplant variety‘ Yunqie No.9’ served as the scion．Meanwhile，two control groups were set up：
grafted seedlings of‘ Yunqie No.9’/Storvum Swartz and self-rooted seedlings of‘ Yunqie No.9’．Through
a comprehensive analysis of the grafting survival rate of the hybrid rootstock materials，the resistance to
verticillum wilt disease，and fruit yield and quality of the grafted plants was performed to screen superior
root stocks for subsequent production．The results showed that the graft survival rates of two hybrid rootstock materials，Z2（105 × 251） and Z5（192 × 143），were increased by 8.10% and 12.19% respectively，compared with Solanum torvum（Turkey berry）．The verticillium wilt disease index of their grafted seedlings
was reduced by 11.43 and 7.90 respectively，in contrast to those grafted onto Solanum torvum．The plant height of Z2 and Z5 grafted seedlings was 51.80 cm and 54.80 cm higher than that of the control，with their plant spread increased by 11.00 cm and 7.00 cm respectively．Meanwhile，the yields were improved by 2.96% and
4.57% separately．Neither of the two hybrid rootstocks exerted adverse effects on fruit quality．In conclusion，Z2 and Z5 exhibited superior comprehensive traits compared with the currently used rootstocks，and thus could be recommended as promising rootstock candidates for subsequent eggplant grafting．

BAT is a bidirectional transporter located on the mitochondrial membrane and is the only
member of the ACT subfamily in the APC family．This experiment conducted bioinformatics analysis on the
protein encoded by the tomato SlBAT1 and studied its expression and functional analysis under exogenous
substance addition and salt stress．The results showed that the tomato SlBAT1 encodes 534 amino acids，with a
molecular weight of 57.69 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.7．It is a stable hydrophobic protein with
a protein structure including alpha helices，random coils，and extended strands．qRT-PCR analysis showed
that the SlBAT1 gene was significantly upregulated under salt stress and exogenous GABA treatment，and
yeast transformed with SlBAT1 showed better growth than normal yeast under salt stress and exogenous GABA
treatment．

Abstract：The epidemic outbreak of tomato brown rugose fruit virus（ToBRFV）has severely impacted
the safe production of important economic crops such as tomatoes and peppers in recent years．In this study，
specific RT-PCR combined with conventional Sanger sequencing was used to determine the full-length genomic
sequences of four ToBRFV isolates，followed by molecular characterization and genetic evolutionary analysis．
The phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genomic sequences of the ToBRFV isolates revealed that the four
sequenced isolates located in two distinct subclusters，indicating a probable trend of divergence．The readthrough
region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase（RdRP）encoded by ToBRFV and the gene encoding
the coat protein were highly conserved，while the genes encoding the 126 kDa replicase and the movement
protein contained sites with significant variation．These two high-mutation regions may be key areas for
ToBRFV to overcome host resistance and facilitate divergence．

The popularity of selenium（Se）enriched sprouts is increasing due to their high nutritional
value and unique flavor．However，the impact of Se supplementation on the nutritional elements of seedlings
has received minimal attention to date．The experiment involved three Se concentrations（2.0，1.0，and
0.5 mg · L-1），with the control group（CK）receiving no Se supplementation．The experiment aimed to
investigate the effects of sodium selenite（Na2SeO3）on the growth of pea seedlings，as well as its impact on Se
accumulation and the dynamics of nine essential nutrients（K，Ca，Mg，Fe，Zn，B，Mn，Cu，and Ni）．
The findings indicated that，in comparison with CK group，treatments of 0.5 and 1.0 mg · L-1 Se enhanced the
fresh quality of pea seedlings，while 2.0 mg · L-1 Se treatment inhibited fresh quality of seedlings and roots．
On the 10th day after germination，the contents of Se in sprouts and roots reached maximum of 9.12 μg · g-1
and 405.86 μg · g-1（2.0 mg · L-1 Se treatment），respectively．Furthermore，in treatments with the same Se
concentration，the root Se content is significantly higher than that of sprout，and the root has a greater ability
to accumulate Se than the shoot．Biotransport factor of Se（BTFSe） of the samples was all found to be less than
1.00，and it was inhibited by increased culture duration．On the 10th day after germination，the proportion of
organic Se in the shoots was found to be over 95%，indicating its capability for robust organic Se conversion．
The accumulation of nine elements in pea sprouts and their root-to-shoot transport exhibited variations influenced
by both cultivation duration and Se addition levels．Long-term Se treatment（10 days） inhibited the enrichment
of K，Ca，Mg，and B in shoot．Prolonged exposure to high Se concentrations（10 days）enhanced transport
of K，Mg，Zn，and Mn，while inhibiting B，Cu，and Ni transport，though it did not affect Fe transport．
Total Se accumulation in shoots peaked on day 10，with 20 plants accumulating 6.09 μg（1.0 mg · L-1 Se
treatment）．The 2.0 mg · L-1 Se treatment significantly inhibited total element accumulation on day 8，and
total element accumulation decreased significantly with increasing Se concentration on day 10．In summary，
cultivation for 8 or 10 days with 1.0 mg · L-1 Se represents optimal conditions for producing Se-enriched pea
shoots，yielding higher shoot production，Se enrichment levels，and total element accumulation．This study
provides theoretical guidance and empirical data for the production of Se-enriched pea shoots．

In order to explore the effects of plant growth regulators on the growth and development of
welsh onion seedlings，the effects of different concentrations of chlorin iron，paclobutrazol and brassinolide
on the growth of welsh onion seedlings are studied by foliar spraying method with‘ Wuyeqi’ as the
experimental material．By analyzing the differences in the changes of seedling morphology，physiological
characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities，the response of seedlings to plant growth regulators is
comprehensively evaluated by membership function．The results showed that compared with the water control
（CK），spraying 0.08 mg · L-1 chlorin iron（E2）could significantly increase the plant height，pseudostem
diameter，root activity，soluble sugar and soluble protein content of welsh onion seedlings．0.04 mg · L-1
chlorin iron（E3）is the most beneficial to increase the root-shoot ratio，increased by 147.37% compared to
CK．The treatment of 0.10 g · L-1（D2）and 0.05 g · L-1（D3）paclobutrazol could significantly increase the
pseudostem diameter，root-shoot ratio，fresh weight，dry matter weight，strong seedling index，chlorophyll
content，soluble sugar and soluble protein content of seedlings．0.08 μmol · L-1 brassinolide（Y2）could
significantly increase the pseudostem diameter，chord root number，fresh weight，dry matter weight，strong
seedling index，chlorophyll content，soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of seedlings．The
three plant growth regulators enhanced the activity of protective enzymes and reduced the content of MDA in
leaves．The activities of POD and SOD of E2，E3，D2 and Y2 treatments were higher than CK，and the
content of MDA is lower than that CK．The comprehensive evaluation of membership function showed that
the score of 0.10 g · L-1 paclobutrazol treatment（D2）was the highest（0.848 3），in which soluble protein
and chlorophyll content contributed the most．In summary，spraying a certain concentration of plant growth
regulators can effectively improve the morphological and physiological traits of welsh onion seedlings．The
optimum application concentrations of chlorin iron，paclobutrazol and brassinolide were 0.08 mg · L-1，
0.10 g · L-1 and 0.08 μmol · L-1，respectively．The comprehensive evaluation showed that 0.10 g · L-1
paclobutrazol treatment is the best．

In order to clarify the resistance of the main rape varieties in Hunan Province to clubroot，
the resistance of 229 main rape varieties in Hunan Province to clubroot was identified by artificial inoculation
in greenhouse and natural induction in field．The results of disease resistance identification via greenhouse
artificial inoculation showed that 62 rapeseed varieties were resistant to clubroot．Among them，3 varieties
including‘Jinyouza 605’‘Jujiayouwang’and‘Qingyou No.3’exhibited immunity（I）；7 varieties such
as‘Baoyou 150’‘Guangyuan 58’‘Huayouza 50’‘Youba 1000’‘Zhengzayou No.1’‘Zhongshuang
No.5’and‘Zhongyou 98D’showed high resistance（HR）．The results of disease resistance identification via
field natural induction showed that 30 varieties exhibited resistance（R）to clubroot．Based on the combined
resistance identification results of the two methods，21 clubroot-resistant rapeseed varieties were screened out，
including‘Fengyou 737’‘Zhongyanyou No.1’and‘Nannongyou No.3’．

To address the problems of low water and fertilizer use efficiency and the lack of precise
parameters for intelligent water and fertilizer management in greenhouse tomato production，this study
employed an intelligent precision drip fertigation technology based on in-situ soil moisture monitoring．The
objective was to investigate the nitrogen（N）and potassium（K）uptake concentration patterns of greenhouse
tomatoes during the autumn-winter season and their responses to different irrigation frequencies and fertilizer
application rates．A two-factor，two-level randomized block design was adopted，with irrigation volumes of
300 mL · pot-1（W1）and 600 mL · pot-1（W2）per event，and fertilizer solution concentrations of 3.33‰
（F1）and 5.00‰（F2）．Results showed that the W1F1 treatment achieved the highest single-plant yield（675g），which was significantly higher than that of W1F2，W2F1，and W2F2 treatments by 19.5%，36.4%，
and 67.1%，respectively．The cumulative water consumption of W1F1 and W1F2 treatments was 24.3 and
23.6 L · plant-1，significantly higher than that of W2F1（17.9 L · plant-1）and W2F2（16.5 L · plant-1）．The
average daily N and K uptake concentrations increased slowly during the first 94 days after transplanting（2.47-
6.23 mmol · L-1 and 0.64-2.05 mmol · L-1，respectively）but rose rapidly thereafter，reaching 11.51-19.38
mmol · L-1 and 2.94-6.34 mmol · L-1．Before 127 days after transplanting，there were no significant differences
among treatments；however，from day 128 onward，the W1F1 and W1F2 treatments exhibited significantly
higher N and K uptake concentrations than W2F1 and W2F2．In summary，this study clarified the variation
characteristics of nitrogen and potassium uptake concentrations in greenhouse tomatoes at different growth
stages and their responses to irrigation and fertilization strategies during the autumn-winter season，providing a
scientific basis and data support for intelligent precision water and fertilizer management in greenhouse tomato
production．

To explore the adaptability of seed-propagated strawberry varieties in Ningxia，the Japanese
seed-propagated strawberry varieties‘Chunri’and‘Hongying’were introduced，with the stolonpropagated
variety‘Hongyan’as the control．The results showed that the seedling propagation cycle
of‘Chunri’and‘Hongying’was shortened 60 days compared with‘Hongyan’through stolon propagation．
Under the conditions of autumn and winter greenhouse cultivation in Ningxia，the seed-propagated strawberry
varieties‘Chunri’and‘ Hongying’showed rapid acclimatization and vigorous growth after planting．The
plant uniformity index of both varieties reached over 90% at 45 days after planting，which was higher than
that of‘Hongyan’．The yields of‘Chunri’and‘ Hongying’were 19 622.6 t · hm-2 and 20 872.4 t · hm-2，
respectively，which were 3.26% and 9.84% higher than that of‘Hongyan’，but the differences were not
significant．The average fruit weight of‘ Chunri’and‘Hongying’（13.00-13.63 g）was significantly lower
than that of‘ Hongyan’（16.83 g）．There were no significant differences in sugar content，acidity，and total
amino acid content among the three varieties，and the fruit quality was not significantly different．Using the fuzzy mathematics membership function method for analysis，the comprehensive evaluation index ranking
was‘Hongying’（0.76）＞‘ Chunri’（0.57）＞‘Hongyan’（0.20）．The seed-propagated strawberry
varieties‘Chunri’and‘ Hongying’are suitable for autumn and winter greenhouse cultivation in Ningxia．The
research results provide technical references for the promotion and application of seed-propagated strawberry
varieties and the efficient production of strawberries．

In this study，bud-bearing stem segments derived from field-grown Dioscorea opposita
cv.‘Tiegun’ plants were employed as explants．Paclobutrazol（PP333）and thidiazuron（TDZ）were
individually supplemented at concentrations of 0，0.01，0.02，0.05，and 0.10 mg · L-1 into two basal
media，namely the pre-optimized rapid propagation medium（KF：MS + 2.00 mg · L-1 KT + 0.02 mg · L-1
NAA）and the basic MS medium．Both solid and liquid culture systems were established to evaluate their
effects on the tissue culture and rapid propagation efficiency of the explants．Results showed that the liquid
culture system significantly outperformed the solid culture system in promoting axillary bud growth and
subculture of D. opposita cv.‘Tiegun’explants．For PP333，its promotional effect on axillary bud growth
followed a concentration-dependent pattern，increasing initially and then decreasing．After 45 days of
subculture，the propagation coefficients of explants cultured in liquid MS + 0.01 mg · L-1 PP333 and KF +
0.01 mg · L-1 PP333 media reached 7.56 and 7.67，respectively，which were 2.71 and 2.41 times higher
than that of the KF liquid control medium．Plantlets in these two treatments also exhibited robust growth
phenotypes．A similar concentration-dependent trend was observed for TDZ：its ability to induce multiple
shoot formation from axillary buds peaked and then declined with increasing concentration．The highest
propagation coefficient（6.83）was achieved when explants were cultured in KF + 0.01 mg · L-1 TDZ
liquid medium for 45 days，with plantlets producing more apical meristems than those in the KF control
alone．For the rapid propagation of virus-free D. opposita cv.‘Tiegun’ plantlets，KF-based liquid media
supplemented with 0.01 mg · L-1 PP333 or 0.01 mg · L-1 TDZ both yielded significantly higher propagation
coefficients than the KF control．Collectively，this study identified the optimal concentrations of PP333
（0.01 mg · L-1）and TDZ（0.01 mg · L-1），as well as the suitable culture systems，for efficient tissue culture
of explants and rapid propagation of virus-free D. opposita cv.‘Tiegun’ plantlets．These findings provide
a critical theoretical foundation for the industrial-scale production of virus-free test-tube plantlets and offer
valuable insights for facilitating the high-efficiency development of the D. opposita cv.‘Tiegun’ industry．

During the tomato transplanting period in greenhouse facilities，a large amount of tomato
waste is produced．Cleaning it out from the greenhouse is time-consuming，labor-intensive，and affects the
surrounding environment．Therefore，a technique for in-situ，ambient-temperature recycling of tomato waste
in a tomato-leafy vegetable rotation system was explored．The experiment was designed with six treatments：
no tomato waste recycling as a control（CK），tomato waste recycling（T1），tomato waste recycling +
organic fertilizer（T2），tomato waste recycling + organic fertilizer + functional microbial agents（T3），
tomato waste recycling + organic fertilizer + composted microbial agents（T4），and tomato waste recycling +
organic fertilizer + composted microbial agents + functional microbial agents（T5）．Leafy vegetables were
rotated without any time interval after the treatments．After harvesting the leafy vegetables，the effects
of different treatments on soil properties，tomato waste decomposition efficiency，and leafy vegetable
yield were analyzed．Results showed that compared with the control CK，the treatment T5（tomato waste
recycling + organic fertilizer + composted microbial agents + functional microbial agents）had the highest leafy
vegetable yield，soil available phosphorus，and available potassium，increasing by 37.22%，52.82%，and
55.40%，respectively，significantly improving the yield of the subsequent crop and soil available nutrients．
Comprehensive cost-benefit analysis indicated that in the tomato-leafy vegetable rotation system，the T5
treatment was identified as the optimal technique for in-situ recycling of tomato waste．

Leaf lettuce is an important leafy vegetable in facility hydroponic systems，and its seedlings
often suffer from unstable quality due to environmental stress．To improve seedling quality，different
concentrations of exogenous biostimulants（inositol，sucrose，and trehalose）and their combined
formulations were sprayed，and their effects on the growth and robust seedling index of two varieties（‘Cream
Green’and‘Rosa Red’）were systematically analyzed．The results showed that in the single treatment，
sucrose（16 mmol · L-1），trehalose（10 mmol · L-1），and inositol（10 mmol · L-1）could significantly
improve seedling growth，promote biomass formation，and increase the robust seedling index．Among them，
sucrose had a significant effect on optimizing the above-ground phenotype，while trehalose and inositol were
outstanding in promoting root growth and chlorophyll synthesis．In the combined formulations，trehalose and
inositol（each 10 mmol · L-1）synergistically enhanced the robust seedling index of both varieties（52.9%
increase for‘Cream Green’and 42.5% increase for‘Rosa Red’），while the combination of all three （sucrose + trehalose + inositol）inhibited seedling growth．In conclusion，appropriate concentrations of single
biostimulants and the trehalose-inositol combination can effectively improve the quality of leaf lettuce seedlings，
providing a theoretical basis for the factory-scale seedling production in facility hydroponics．

Differences in maximum residue limits（MRLs）for pesticides are increasingly becoming a
significant technical trade barrier for China’s vegetable exports．Based on data from 2013 to 2022 concerning
pesticide maximum residue standards for vegetables and trade volumes between China and Regional
Comprehensive Economic Partnership（RCEP）members，a strictness differential index for pesticide residue
standards was constructed．The poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood（PPML）method was employed to
quantify the impact of these standard differences on China’s vegetable exports，supplemented by robustness
checks，endogeneity treatment，and heterogeneity analysis．Quantitative results indicate that divergent
pesticide residue standards among trading partners severely impede China’s vegetable exports，with this
inhibitory effect exhibiting significant heterogeneity across vegetable types and country characteristics．
Therefore，China should actively promote the harmonisation and unification of pesticide residue standards
within the region while simultaneously enhancing domestic vegetable quality and safety standards．The findings
of this study not only provide robust support for expanding intra-regional vegetable trade and advancing regional integration within the Asia-Pacific region，but also offer valuable insights for China’s transition from a major
vegetable producer to a leading vegetable powerhouse.

‘Jingfan 403’is a new early-maturing，multi-resistant，pink-fruited tomato F1 hybrid that
is suitable for winter-spring cultivation in protected land in northern part of China．It was developed by using
inbred line‘TB0182’as female parent and‘TB0996’as male parent．It is an indeterminate growth type，
showing strong growth vigor，large leaves and a deep-green leaf color．The period from sowing to first harvest
is about 118 days．The fruit is of globe shape，smooth surface and dark-pink in color，with a single fruit
weight 240-280 g．The fruit has good hardness，resistant to cracking and storage．It is highly resistant to
tomato yellow leaf curl virus and root-knot nematode，moderately resistant to tobacco mosaic virus and gray
leaf spot．The lycopene content is 45.45 mg · kg-1（FW），soluble solids content is 4.4%，and vitamin C
content is 167.64 mg · kg-1．The yield is about 139.5 t · hm-2．

‘Mininhuang No.9’is a new mid-late maturing Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid，which
was developed by male sterile line‘CCR20012’as female parent and self-incompatible inbred
line‘CBR20004’as male parent．Its growing period is about 80 days．The head is closed and cylindrical．
Its outer leaf is dark green and wrinkled，petiole is green-white，and inner leaf is yellow．The average plant
height is 32.1 cm，plant spread is 62.6 cm，head height is 29.4 cm，head diameter is 13.9 cm．The soluble
sugar content is 2.5%，crude fiber content is 0.3%，protein content is 1.5%，and vitamin C content is 225.0
mg · kg-1．The gross yield is about 112.5 t · hm-2，with a net-head rate is 76.0%．It is resistant to downy
mildew，and has strong vigor．It is suitable for planting in central Yunnan Province and similar ecological
areas．

‘Chengjiang 30’is a new emerald green pod type cowpea variety developed through systematic
selection after crossing the superior line‘313’（selected from‘Zhencui No.5’）as female parent and superior
line‘FA Heihei-3-1BQ’as male parent．It is medium maturity，with about 70 days from sowing to first
tender-pod harvest．It has a strong growth vigor，many branches，and pods setting mainly on the main vine．
The leave is of green，medium-sized，and lanceolate shape．The first inflorescence sets at the 4th-6th node，
while corolla is light purple，each pair of inflorescences forms about 2 pairs of pods．The tender pod is of
emerald green，long-cylindrical，thick-fleshed，straight and uniformly，without rat-tail tips．The average
pod length is 66.5 cm，and single pod weight is 34.4 g．It is suitable for pickling．The seed is kidney-shaped，
and seed coat is reddish-brown with black dots．It is resistant to root rot．The yield is about 43.5 t · hm-2．It is
suitable for cultivation in Sichuan during the spring，summer，and autumn seasons．

‘Jizhangshu No.29’is a new mid-late maturing fresh potato variety bred by sexual
hybridization and pedigree selection，using‘Zhongshu No.17’as female parent and mid-late maturing
germplasm‘73’introduced from the United States as male parent．The growth period is about 91 days．The
plant is erect，natural fertility is moderate，and the length of stolon is moderate．The tuber is ellipse shape，
with dark red skin，smooth，shallow bud eyes，and colored flesh．The dry matter content is 190.0 g · kg-1，
starch content is 123.0 g · kg-1，reducing sugar content is 6.7 g · kg-1．The average number of tubers per plant
is 4.6，yield per plant is 0.90 kg，and commercial tuber rate is 81.5%．The yield is about 42 t · hm-2．It is
resistant to late blight and PVX，moderately resistant to PVY．It is suitable for spring planting in Zhangjiakou
and Chengde of Hebei Province．