From the perspective of trade flow，this study combines social network theory with trade indicators to investigate the changes and patterns in the global vegetable seed trade pattern，and to identify the supply security of Chinese vegetable seeds．The results indicate that the global vegetable seed trade network continues to expand in scale，with increasing network density and enhanced trade accessibility．The position of core countries such as the Netherlands，the United States，and France in the internet is stable，and they have always been at the forefront in terms of trade intensity，trade independence，and trade control．The Chinese vegetable seed industry is increasingly integrated into the global vegetable seed cycle．While gaining international division of labor benefifi ts，external market inflfl uence is gradually increasing，but overall risks are controllable．Propose to strengthen technological innovation and intellectual property protection as important measures to consolidate the foundation of food security and seed source security；to build an innovation ecosystem for the seed industry，strengthen industrial collaboration，and guide enterprises to specialize and deeply cultivate advantageous areas；we need to strengthen our overseas layout，deepen international cooperation and division of labor in the seed industry，and other policy recommendations．

To further promote the healthy development of China’s chili pepper industry and increase the income of chili pepper growers，based on the study of the input-output of chili pepper cultivation in China， this thesis compares the sales form of chili pepper，the scale of chili pepper，the main chili pepper producing provinces，the level of chili pepper mechanization，the chili pepper cultivation mode，and the cost-benefit ratio of chili pepper cultivation，and analyzes the factors influencing the cost-benefit ratio of chili pepper cultivation．It was found that：the income from chili pepper cultivation is unstable，and the uncertainty of income from dried chili pepper is higher than that from fresh chili pepper；the expansion of chili pepper cultivation scale does not signififi cantly enhance benefifi ts；the continuous increase in labor costs for chili pepper cultivation has reduced the income level．Based on this，countermeasures and suggestions such as introducing chili pepper cultivation and price insurance，enhancing the full mechanization level of chili pepper cultivation，and accelerating the research and development of new chili pepper varieties are proposed．

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of the edible mushroom industry in Beijing．It examines aspects including production volume，production types，regional distribution，production facility types，and sales methods．Moreover，it compares the benefits of various edible mushroom cultivation methods between Beijing and different cities．The development advantages of the edible mushroom industry in Beijing were systematically analyzed，such as strong policy support，a solid scientific and technological support foundation，the advantages of a large market and extensive circulation，and relatively high economic returns．At the same time，the existing disadvantages are also pointed out．For instance，the constraints of resources and the environment are becoming more intense，and the production costs are increasing signififi cantly．Meanwhile，the industrial chain is incomplete，and the product added value is insufficient．Additionally，the production technology level of edible fungi requires improvement．Five aspects of suggestions are put forward to facilitate the high-quality development of the edible mushroom industry in Beijing．These include improving the level of edible mushroom facilities and equipment to boost industry competitiveness．Enhance technological support to stimulate‘new momentum’ and boost comparative advantages．Actively foster and strengthen ‘new entities’ while innovating business models．Elongate the industrial chain，promote the development of socialized services，and put forward suggestions regarding enriching product forms，building regional brands，and facilitating industrial integration and development．

Bacterial soft rot in cucumber is a serious bacterial disease that is caused by Pectobacterium carotovora subspecies brasiliensis．This article mainly reviews recent research progress in the identififi cation of the pathogen，pathogenic mechanism，resistance identification methods，inheritance analysis of disease resistance，genetic mapping of disease resistance genes，and control methods of cucumber bacterial soft rot in cucumber．Meanwhile，the future research directions are prospected，aiming to provide references for disease resistant breeding of cucumber bacterial soft rot．

Purple Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis）presents colorful leaf heading，and is rich in anthocyanins．Because anthocyanins have benefit function of antioxidant，anti-cancer，and enhancing immune defense for people’s health，research and application of purple Chinese cabbage and functional genes regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis have been hot topics all over the world．Based on the research results in the past two decades about the sources of purple traits in Chinese cabbage，along with the phenotypes of purple leaf heading and the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes associated with purple traits from different sources and their applications，regulatory factors and functional genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis are reviewed in the article．The aims are to sort the molecular mechanisms regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and summarize breakthrough achievements in key functional genes in purple Chinese cabbage in order to further elucidate the reasons of genes related to the diverse purple phenotypes and cross-sectional appearances of purple leaf heading Chinese cabbage．These results will help new purple varieties breeding in Chinese cabbage．

China is a major producer of facility vegetables，but the modernization level of facility

vegetable plant protection machinery is low，and there is a lack of high-efficiency，high-efficiency，precision spraying，and intelligent plant protection machinery which is suitable for facility vegetables，and this has brought about problems such as low production efficiency，poor prevention efficiency，low pesticide utilization rate，environmental pollution，and production safety．This article takes the basic theory of fog droplets，which is crucial for plant protection machinery，as the starting point．It systematically sorts out the types of plant protection machinery suitable for facility vegetables production and related pesticide application technologies，analyzes the main problems in the research and development，promotion and application of facility vegetable plant protection machinery，and puts forward corresponding suggestions．Finally，it looks forward to the development direction of facility vegetable plant protection machinery，aiming to provide reference and inspiration for promoting the improvement and upgrading of facility vegetable plant protection machinery and enhancing the modernization level of plant protection in China．

Abstract：Sugar transporter proteins（STPs）are an important class of important monosaccharide transporter proteins that play a crucial roles in plant growth and development．In this study，we used bioinformatics methods were used to identify and analyze the CmSTP gene family in melon（Cucumis melo L.），and the chromosome distribution，gene structure，evolutionary and collinearity relationship，promoter sequence，tissue expression were further characterized. The results showed that the CmSTP gene family contains 18 members，named CmSTP1 to CmSTP18 in sequence，which were unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes except for chromosome 1，3，10 and 11．All 18 genes contain at least one introns，and most of them contain three introns．In the phylogenetic tree analysis，showed that theall 18 CmSTP genes were divided into three subfamilies．Collinearity analysis revealed that there were thirteen pairs of genes with collinearity relationship were identified between melon and tomato，and seven pairs between melon and Arabidopsis thaliana were identified.The analysis of promoter sequences analysis identified various hormones and light-responsive cisregulatory elements．The expression analysis showed that 12 CmSTP genes expressed only in specific tissue，indicating that they may act different functions in different tissues or development stages of melon．These results lay a foundation for further investigation into exploring the functions of the STP gene family in regulating the growth and development of melon plants．

Potato（Solanum tuberosum L.），the fourth-largest staple food crop globally，requires enhanced genetic improvement through the identififi cation of stress-resistance genes．Plant diacylglycerol kinase （DGK）play a crucial role in stress responses by regulating the diacylglycerol（DAG）-phosphatidic acid（PA） signaling pathway．However，the functional mechanisms of potato DGK family members（StDGKs）under abiotic stress remain insufficiently characterized．In this study，we performed comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to examine the amino acid sequences and protein domains of StDGKs．Using quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR），we assessed their expression profifi les under drought，salt，and low-temperature stress conditions. Furthermore，we achieved prokaryotic expression and Ni-NTA affinity purification of six StDGKs using the E.coli BL21（DE3）system．Our findings demonstrate that StDGKs gene expression is significantly induced by abiotic stressors，with high conservation observed in their protein sequences and structural domains．All six recombinant StDGK proteins were successfully expressed as NusA-His-tagged fusion proteins at 37 ℃ under 1.0 mmol · L-1 IPTG induction，and affiffiffi nity chromatography yielded purififi ed products with the expected molecular weights．This study confifi rms that StDGKs are responsive to abiotic stress and that their encoded proteins can be effiffiffi ciently expressed and purififi ed in vitro．These results provide valuable candidate gene resources for elucidating stress-resistance mechanisms and advancing the development of stress-tolerant potato cultivars．

Abstract：Fructan：fructan 6G- fructosyltransferase（6G-FFT）is an important gene in garlic fructan metabolism，which was involved in stress response process of plants．In order to understand the gene structure and expression characteristics of As6G-FFT in depth，in this study，the genomic DNA（gDNA）and promoter sequences of As6G-FFT were selected through garlic genome．The sequences characteristics were analyzed，and regulation role of exogenous hormones to As6G-FFT was verififi ed．The results showed that As6G-FFT was 7 943 bp in length，containing 9 exons and 8 introns．The promoter sequence contained various stress response elements and hormone response elements，such as，Salicylic acid（SA）and Abscisic acid（ABA）．The qRT-PCR results confifi rmed that the expression of As6G-FFT was induced by SA and the induction was tissue-specifific．Under normal growth conditions with exogenous salicylic acid（SA）treatment，As6G-FFT in leaves responded rapidly in the earlier stage（2 h ）of the SA treatment，while the expression of As6G-FFT in bulbs peaked in the late stage（9 d）of the SA treatment．Under drought stress，exogenous SA signififi cantly induced the expression of As6G-FFT in both roots and bulbs，and the inducing effff ect was more pronounced than that of bulbs．Under low-temperature stress，exogenous SA only had an inducing effff ect on the expression of As6G-FFT in bulbs．Therefore，it is hypothesized that garlic bulbs would be an important tissue for As6G-FFT to mediate SA regulation in response to drought and low temperature stress.

The eye depth is one of the important agronomic traits of potatoes．In this study，potato tubers with deep eyes and shallow eyes were used as experimental materials，and four developmental stages（the stolon hook stage，the subapical swelling stage，the initial tuber formation stage，and the tuber formation stage）were selected． Histocytological observations were conducted through parafiin sections to analyze the morphological changes of potatoes with different eye depths during tuber development．The results showed that from the stolon hook stage to the subapical swelling stage，the pith tissue cells of both deep-eye and shallow-eye materials continued to proliferate，but the expansion rate of the shallow-eye materials was faster than that of the deep-eye materials．Therefore，the difference in bud eye depth depth is formed in the early stage of tuber development，the difference in the expansion rate of pith tissue cells is the main cause of bud eye depth variation，and the subapical swelling stage is the key period determining the bud eye depth．

Abstract：Soil salinization is one of the major environmental challenges for melon production．Identififi cation of melon germplasms with high salt tolerance is thus important for breeding new cultivars that are capable of tolerating saline environment．In this study，germination and growth performances were fifirst investigated for 19 melon inbred lines challenged by 150 mmol · L-1 NaCl at germination and seedling stages，respectively，and a comprehensive evaluation by combining membership function analysis with hierarchical clustering was then performed for identifying the inbred lines with high salt tolerance. The results showed that three ermination-related parameters（germination potential，germination rate and radicle length）were inhibited by excessive salt to difffferent extents at germination stage in comparison to the samples under normal growth conditions. The enhanced germination potential was observed for four（M84，M111，M279 and M314）of 19 inbred lines，while the stimulated germination rate for M111 and M279 and the enhanced radicle length for M84 and M111 were revealed．At seedling stage，distinct growth responses were detected for 19 melon inbred lines upon salt stress．We found that the stressful conditions imposed less inhibitory inflfluences on plant height of M84，meanwhile，there was no signifificant difffference in stem diameter of M8，M14，M62，M84，M95，M111，M273，M314 and YJM relative to those grown under normal growth conditions．Furthermore，the comprehensive evaluation results pointed to M111 with the highest salt tolerance followed by M37，M84，M176，M213 and M279 at germination stage，and M84 with the highest salt tolerance followed by M14，M81，M95，M176，M273 and M346 at seedling stage．Altogether，M37，M84 and M176 displayed better performances under salt stress at both stages，and could be potentially used in future melon germplasm creation and cultivar breeding related to salt tolerance improvement.

To clarify the correlation between the texture characteristics of radish fleshy roots and the pithiness trait，as well as the occurence mechanism of the pithiness trait，12 radish varieties were used as experimental materials．During the middle and late growth stages，the phenotypic morphology，cell morphology，and texture characteristics such as toughness，brittleness，and hardness of the fleshy roots were observed and analyzed during the pithiness occurrence process．The results showed that the pithiness of radish fleshy roots mainly occurred in the secondary xylem with a large number of parenchyma cells，and it radiated from the central pith composed of the primary xylem to the peripheral secondary xylem，while the outermost secondary phloem and cortex hardly showed pithiness．The distribution of pithy tissues in the longitudinal section generally presented a‘V’-like feature，and the pithy tissues in the cross-section showed a radial，dotted，or ring-shaped distribution．In most of the tested radish varieties，the pithiness lesion first occurred at the tail．The toughness，brittleness，and hardness of radish fleshy roots generally showed a gradual decreasing trend with the growth and development process．Among them，toughness and hardness could reflect the degree of pithiness to a certain extent，but there were differences in the correlation between the pithiness index and toughness and hardness of radish fleshy roots among different radish varieties with different flesh types and skin colors．During the pithiness occurrence process，the cell arrangement of radish fleshy roots changed from orderly and compact before pithiness to loose，broken，and disorderly，forming white spongy pores and then large cavities．The cell walls also gradually shrank，broke，and even fused．The research results have certain guiding significance for the identification of pithiness and timely harvesting in the radish production process．

To provide reference for the development and utilization of taste type onion germplasm resources through the comprehensive quality evaluation of taste type onion，this study analyzed and evaluated the nutrient composition，amino acid composition，volatile substances，flavonoids and phenolic acid indexes of representative conventional onion（pink skin onion，yellow skin onion）and taste type onion（yellow outer skin）in Gansu Province as test materials．The results showed that the taste type onion was significantly better than the conventional onion in terms of nutritional quality，in which the content of soluble sugar was more than 1.5 times that of the conventional onion，the content of soluble protein was higher than that of the yellow and pink onion by 114.29% and 36.67%，respectively，and the content of organic acid was higher than that of the yellow and pink onion by 124.39% and 58.62%，respectively；at the same time，the textural properties of the taste type onion were better than that of the conventional onion．The texture characteristics of the taste type onion are moderate compared to conventional onions in terms of hardness and elasticity．Additionally，it has a significant advantage in its functional characteristics，particularly in polyphenol content，which is increased by 33.34% and 87.15% compared to yellow and pink skin onions，respectively．In addition，the taste type onion volatile flavor substances content is lower than the pink skin and yellow skin onions，respectively，67.79% and 38.57% lower．In particular，it did not detect irritating sulfur compounds，so the pungent taste is lighter，more suitable for raw food．Therefore，the pungent flavor is lighter and more suitable for raw food．In conclusion，the taste type onion is significantly better than the conventional onion in terms of nutritional quality，texture，and functional properties，and has better food quality and health effects，which is of high value for development and utilization．

To investigate the nutritional value of young stems and leaves in the woody forest vegetable Yunnanopilia longistaminea，we conducted targeted quantitative analyses of flavonoids and anthocyanins，alongside determinations of primary nutritional components including crude protein，crude fat，dietary fiber，and mineral elements using Brassica rapa spp. pekinensis as a control．Results indicated that Yunnanopilia L. exhibited significantly higher levels of all major nutrients except moisture and ash compared to B. pekinensis．It was also rich in essential trace elements such as vanadium，chromium，and manganese，with no detectable harmful elements．Quantitative analysis identified 25 flavonoids（total content：2.56 mg · g-1 ）and 9 anthocyanins（total content：8.40 μg · g-1 ）．Additionally，18 amino acids were detected，including all 8 essential amino acids，with a total amino acid content of 107.39 mg · g-1 ．The essential to total amino acid ratio（EAA/TAA）reached 43.22%，while the essential to nonessential ratio（EAA/NEAA）was 76.11% both closely aligned with the ideal protein model．Flavor enhancing and medicinal amino acids were particularly abundant，constituting 86.63% and 60.02% of total amino acids，respectively．The amino acid score（SRC）reached 84.62%．In conclusion，Yunnanopilia L. is a nutrient dense vegetable with high protein content and balanced amino acid composition．It demonstrates significant potential for cultivation and promotion as a medicinal edible forest vegetable．

A total of 445 leaf lettuce（Lactuca sativa L.）germplasm accessions were evaluated for heat tolerance at the seedling stage under high-temperature stress for 13 days，with daytime temperatures averaging 38 ℃（12 h）and nighttime temperatures 30 ℃（12 h）．Four traits including heat injury index，single-plant weight，central stalk length，and plant height—were assessed．Principal component analysis（PCA） reduced these four traits into two principal components，which together explained 86.02% of the total variation．Based on the comprehensive evaluation index（D value），cluster analysis divided the 445 accessions into five categories：group Ⅰ（heat-tolerant type，106 accessions），group Ⅱ（moderately heat-tolerant type，41 accessions），group Ⅲ（intermediate type，2 accessions），group Ⅳ（moderately heat-sensitive type，3 accessions），and group V（heat-sensitive type，293 accessions）．In group I，35 germplasm resources were obtained by excluding the low commerciality germplasm resources with center column lengths longer than 5 cm．From these，18 accessions with D values above 0.60 were selected as elite heat-tolerant candidates．Among them，one leaf lettuce accession，‘W0570’ exhibited the strongest heat tolerance and desirable agronomic traits under high-temperature conditions．These findings provide a foundation for the identification of heat-tolerance genes and the cultivation of heat-resistant germplasm resource of leaf lettuce.

The material is the inbred line broccoli with high sulforaphane content．The hypocotyls of sterile broccoli cultured in dark for 7 days were used as explants．The effects of diffff erent proportion of plant growth regulators on callus induction，shoot initiation and root initiation were studied．The results showed that the best medium for callus induction was 4.4 g · L-1 MS + 30 g · L-1 sucrose + 18 g · L-1 mannitol + 6 g · L-1 agarose + 0.5 mg · L-1 2，4-D + 0.05 mg · L-1 KT + 30 μmol · L-1 STS + 300 mg · L-1 Timentin，pH = 5.8， and the callus induction rate was 94.13%．The best medium for shoot induction was 4.4 g · L-1 MS + 30 g · L-1 sucrose + 10 g · L-1 glucose + 0.25 g · L-1 xylose + 0.6 g · L-1 MES + 6 g · L-1 agarose + 2 mg · L-1 ZT + 0.1 mg · L-1 IAA + 300 mg · L-1 Timentin，pH = 5.8，with the induction rate was 92.74%．The optimum root initiation medium was 4.4 g · L-1 MS + 0.2 mg · L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg · L-1 IAA + 7 g · L-1 agar，pH = 5.8，and the root induction rate was 100%．The research results have optimized the in vitro culture and regeneration system for broccoli hypocotyls，providing certain technical support for the development and utilization of broccoli germplasm resources and accelerating the process of elite broccoli seed breeding．

Thirteen forcing chicory germplasm resources were used as experimental materials，eight agronomic traits and twenty-six physicochemical traits were investigated and measured，and genetic diversity analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis，cluster analysis were carried out．The results showed that the coefficients of variation for thirty-four important traits among the thirteen chicory germplasms ranged from 0.37% to 33.44%．Among the agronomic traits，root width exhibited the highest coefcient of variation（22.99%），while root length exhibited the lowest（5.17%）．Among the physicochemical traits，Fe content in the dry samples had the highest coeffiffiffi cient of variation（33.44%），while water content had the lowest（0.37%）．Correlation analysis showed that the agronomic traits and physicochemical traits of forcing chicory were not highly correlated．Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation results indicate that C9（‘WINTOR’），C4（‘BINGO’），and C1（‘Ruanhong No.1’）exhibited excellent comprehensive traits and possess breeding value．Cluster analysis divided the thirteen germplasm resources into five groups，with no obvious differences between domestic and foreign varieties．

Ginger root rot can cause yellowing and wilting at the base of the aboveground stems，as well as decay and browning of the underground tubers，with field incidence rates exceeding 90%．This study isolated and purified pathogenic fungi from diseased ginger samples collected from Anqiu，Shandong．Based on ITS and EF sequence alignment，phylogenetic tree analysis，and combined morphological and molecular biological identification，the primary pathogens causing ginger root rot in Anqiu were determined to be Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium aphanidermatum．Targeting these two pathogens，the control efficacy of a composite microbial agent prepared by combining Paenibacillus polymyxa ZF129 and Bacillus

amyloliquefaciens ZF57 was investigated．The results showed that the highest control efficacy against Pythium root rot and Fusarium root rot in ginger，reaching 75.17% and 73.23%，respectively，was achieved using the following treatment：soaking ginger seeds in a 300-fold dilution of the composite microbial agent for 15 minutes，followed by spraying 50 mL at the stem base and applying 900 mL via root drenching．

The waterlily aphid （Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae Linnaeus ）is one of the main pests in the early growth stages of lotus plants，and its occurrence has been increasing in recent years. Previously，3 aphid-resistant and 3 susceptible varieties were identified from 18 main lotus varieties using the aphid ratio method．To verify the field identification results and explore the mechanism of aphid resistance，we studied the development and probing behavior of the waterlily aphid in those varieties．The results showed that the body size of the aphid developed on the resistant varieties ‘Elian No.12’ ‘Baiyuzan No.1’，and ‘Baiyuzan No.3’  was significantly smaller than those developed on the susceptible varieties ‘Baoziou-4’ ‘Xiangfen’，and ‘Dabaipang’；the total duration of the np wave（no probing behavior），the total duration of the C wave（extracellular probing），in the resistant varieties were significantly higher than those on the susceptible varieties；the first appearance of E2 wave（phloem feeding wave）in the resistant varieties lags that of susceptible varieties，and the total duration of E2 wave is significantly shorter than that of the susceptible varieties．The above results confirmed the identification of aphid-resistant varieties in the field．Resistant varieties significantly inhibited the individual development of the aphid and stimulated probing behavior，and delayed the establishment of phloem feeding， which may be related to the differences in insect resistant secondary metabolites or lotus leaf vascular bundle structures among different resistant varieties．

The effects of different modified biochar extracts o n seed germination and seedling root growth of pakchoi were studie d using rice husk biochar with different modificat ion methods．The results showed that different modified biochar extracts had diff erenteffects on seed germination and seedling root growth of pakchoi．The citric acid modified biochar promoted the seed germination and seedling root growth of pakchoi．In particular，the germination rate，root surface area and root activity of A0（extract solution）treatment were 10.0 percentage points，53.0% and 92.0% higher than those of the control by the eighth day，with significant differences．The rule of FeCl3 modified biochar was‘low promotion and high inhibition’，especially under the treatment condition of B20（20 times dilution of extract solution），with the best promotion effect．By the eighth day，the germination rate，root length，root surface area and root activity separately increased by 2.5 percentage points，66.6%，85.8% and 49.2% compared with the control．The HNO3 modified biochar had inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling root growth of pakchoi，and the inhibitory effect was stronger with higher extract solution concentration．The results of principal component analysis showed that comprehensive order of all treatments was B20 ＞ A0 ＞ A5 ＞ B5 ＞ CK ＞ A20 ＞ B0 ＞ C20 ＞ C5 ＞ C0．The experimental result can be theoretical basis for preparation higher adsorption，low potential plant toxicity biochar and application of modified biochar in agriculture and environment．

To evaluate the heavy metal pollution status and food health risks of characteristic vegetables in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，214 samples of six major characteristic vegetables in the region were collected，including Ipomoea batatas（L.）Lam.，Ipomeoa aquatica Forssk.，Solanum nigrum L.，tender stems of pumpkins，pumpkin flowers，and Emilia sonchifolia（L .）DC．The concentrations of five heavy metals，namely lead （Pb），cadmium（Cd），chromium（Cr），mercury（Hg），and arsenic（As），were detected in the samples，and the contents of heavy metals in characteristic vegetables of different regions and varieties were statistically analyzed．The pollution degree was analyzed by using the single factor index method and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method．The target hazard quotient method was used to assess the risk of healthy consumption．The data analysis showed that Cd was the most detected among the five heavy metals，with a detection rate of 96.7%．According to the evaluation of Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method，the Emilia sonchifolia （L.）DC. and Solanum nigrum L. have been severely polluted by heavy metals，with the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index values 5.83 and 4.77 respectively．Other vegetables are within the safety level range values ．The results of the health risk assessment show that the comprehensive heavy metal health risk TTHQ（total target hazard quotient）for adults consuming Solanum nigrum L. and Emilia sonchifolia（L.）DC.，as well as for children consuming Solanum nigrum L.，Emilia sonchifolia（L.） DC. and Ipomeoa aquatica Forssk.，is all greater than 1．Overall，most varieties of Guangxi characteristic vegetables have low degree of heavy metal pollution，and the main heavy metal pollution factor is cadmium．Long term consumption of large quantities of Solanum nigrum L.，Emilia sonchifolia（L.）DC. poses potential health risks．

Yujiao No.10’is a new three-line hybrid pepper developed by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile line ‘PC134A’ as female parent and inbred restorer line ‘PC195’ as male parent．It is of mid-maturing，with plant height about 70 cm and breadth about 50 cm．The first flower sets on the 11th node．The fruit is horn-shaped，with green ripe fruit color is light green，old ripe fruit color is red，slightly wrinkled，concave，crisp，good taste．The average fruit longitudinal diameter is 20.6 cm，diameter is 4.5 cm，flesh thickness is 0.37 cm，single fruit weight is 98 g，VC content is 1 100.0 mg·kg-1．It is resistant to TMV and anthracnose，moderately resistant to CMV and phytophthora blight．The yield is about 60 t·hm-2．It is suitable for early spring planting in protected fields in Henan Province．

Abstract：‘Baolai No.3’is a new open-field type，white-fleshed and purple-round eggplant F1 hybrid，which is developed by crossing inbred line‘YB132-2013’as female parent and‘YB48-2013’as male parent ．It is of late-maturing，with first fruit at the 10th-11th nodes．The plant height is about 120 cm，and width is about 60 cm．The fruit is high-round in shape，with a dark purple pericarp，a shape index of 0.88，and a small，nearly punctiform navel．The single fruit weight is about 600 g．The flesh is white and firm，with a VC content of 13.7 mg·kg-1，a dry matter content of 5.3%，a soluble sugar content of 2.55% ．The plant is strong growth potential，and the resistance to Verticillium wilt is stronger than the control‘Baolai’．The harvest period is of long，and the yield is about 105 t · hm-2．It is suitable for open-field cultivation in North and Northwest China，where white-fleshed and purple-round eggplant is commonly grown．

‘Bilv 16 3’is a new broccoli F1 hybrid developed by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile line‘CMS02’as female parent and inbred DH line‘06’as male parent．It is of mid-maturity，with taking about 75 days from transplanting to harvest．The plant grows vigorously，with dark-green leaves．The head ball is compact，nearly semi-dome in shape，with green and fine beads which don’t turn into violet even under low temperature．The single head weight is about 0.45 kg．Its VC content is 1 035 mg · kg-1 （FW），protein content is 3.38%，and the contents of mineral elements of Ca，K，Mg，Fe，Mn，Zn are 450.3 mg · kg-1 （FW），2 597.8 mg · kg-1 （FW），221.7 mg · kg-1 （FW），5.12 mg · kg-1 （FW），1.99 mg · kg-1 （FW），4.76 mg · kg-1 （FW），respectively．Its resistance to TuMV and black rot in fields are comparable to that of contrasts ‘Youxiu’and‘Naihanyouxiu’．The yield is about 19.5 t · hm-2 ．It is suitable for autumn cultivation in Beijing，Henan，Hebei，Jiangxi．

The red bud taro industry represents a distinctive and advantageous sector in Yanshan County，Jiangxi Province．It is of significant practical importance to explore specific measures for transforming and upgrading the current traditional planting practices into a dominant industry model．A review of the industry’s current development status was conducted，focusing on aspects such as planting area and region，cultivation methods，technological support，organizational models，and government support policies．The findings indicate that the industry faces numerous challenges including insufficient scale and standardization in the planting process，an underdeveloped marketing system，weak brand recognition，lagging advancements in processing capabilities，and a limited industrial chain．To address these issues，it is recommend ed to promote the transformation of the planting industry towards large-scale and standardized modern agriculture．Additionally，establishing an innovative marketing system driven by e-commerce can facilitate sales growth across the entire sector．Efforts should also be made to extend the industrial chain of red bud taro by creating industrial clusters；formulating and implementing strategic plans for regional public brands；and enhancing overall brand influence.