As a key agricultural sector in Guangxi，vegetable production plays a vital role in the region’s economy．Understanding how agricultural insurance infl uences vegetable production is essential for fostering its high-quality development．This study employs panel data from 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi spanning 2004 to 2021 to examine the eff ects of agricultural insurance on vegetable production through a fi xed-effects model．Additionally，mediation and moderation models are conducted to uncover the underlying mechanisms．The findings demonstrate that agricultural insurance significantly enhances vegetable production，a result that remains robust after addressing potential endogeneity concerns．Further analysis reveals that agricultural insurance facilitates vegetable production through the mediating role of agricultural socialized services，hile agricultural technology positively moderates this relationship．According to the fi ndings，policy implications include expanding agricultural insurance coverage，leveraging agricultural socialized services to amplify its benefi ts，and accelerating the adoption of advanced agricultural technologies．

Tongliang district is one of the four major vegetable production and supply bases in Chongqing．The vegetable planting area is about 25 500 hm²，and the facility vegetable area is 3 667 hm²．The yield of vegetables in Tongliang is 0.833 7 million tons．Through conducting field research，listening to reports from vegetable owners，reviewing the relevant industry reports，and soliciting opinions from leaders in charge of agriculture in various towns and streets，as well as industry center promotion personnel，we have summarized the current situation of vegetable production in the whole district from the aspects of vegetable planting area，category，effi ciency，scale of operating entities，and technological innovation．Meanwhile，the problems of low product effi ciency，low production level，labor shortage，etc. in the development of the vegetable industry were analyzed．Finally，the specifi c suggestions for the development of the vegetable industry in the whole district in the next future were proposed from the aspects of vegetable variety，cultivation technology，and brand-building．

Gansu Province’s annual potato output has consistently ranked second in China，and it has become a core base for virus-free seed potato breeding，commercial potato production，and processing in the country．Based on the relevant data of potato production in Gansu Province from 2000 to 2023，methods such as the center of gravity migration model，spatial Gini coefficient，global Moran's index，and scale advantage index were used to explore the spatiotemporal evolution patterns，agglomeration characteristics，and competitive advantages of potato production in 14 prefecture-level cities and autonomous prefectures in Gansu Province．The results show that the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of potato production in Gansu Province are obvious，the non-balanced spatial distribution characteristics are significant，the agglomeration characteristics are prominent，and there are signifi cant diff erences in the competitive advantages of potato production among different prefecture-level cities and autonomous prefectures in Gansu Province．By strengthening scientifi c and technological research and development innovation research and development innovation，optimizing the variety structure，leveraging the advantages of core production areas to drive the coordinated development of disadvantaged production areas，and constructing a full-industrial-chain processing system to enhance the added value of products and brand infl uence，the competitiveness of potato production in Gansu Province can be further improved．

Green production refers to a series of environmentally friendly strategies and technologies implemented in the agricultural sector，aimed at reducing environmental burdens，improving resource utilization efficiency，and promoting environmental protection and food safety．With consumers’ growing attention to healthy food，the market demand for green vegetables continues to expand，providing broad development opportunities for the green production of vegetables．Among them，leeks are not only one of China’s characteristic vegetables but also possess extremely high nutritional value．However，current leek production suffers from extensive farming practices，outdated technology and equipment，low production effi ciency，and insuffi cient quality assurance．This paper introduces typical cultivation methods for leek，with a focus on discussing the technologies and equipment currently applied in domestic and international green leek production processes，including land preparation，sowing，field management（irrigation and fertilization，intertillage and earthing up，pest and disease control），harvesting，and post-harvest handling．Additionally，development strategies and recommendations are proposed to support the advancement of green leek production technologies and equipment．

Carbon emission accounting for greenhouse vegetable production has become the research priority．At present，many foreign scholars have applied life cycle assessment（LCA）to conduct research in the fi eld of greenhouse vegetable production．However，domestic research started relatively late and few relevant studies in recent years．This paper reviews the research progress both domestically and internationally over the past two decades，selecting 53 relevant articles covering greenhouse vegetable production in various regions for in-depth analysis．In the process of further analyzing its functional unit，system boundary and environmental impact assessment，the differences between the carbon emission factors of bulk agricultural materials and carbon emissions per unit of agricultural product production were compared，and the main problems existing in carbon accounting were pointed out．Finally，the paper proposes a technical framework in greenhouse vegetable production，namely the entire process from cradle to consumer，and summarizes key strategies for energy conservation and emission reduction．This review aims to support future carbon
accounting eff orts，environmental impact assessments of greenhouse vegetable production，and comprehensive optimization of related technologies．

Chitosan is a natural biological polysaccharide．Due to its unique chemical structure and biological activity，it is widely used in the agricultural fi eld，especially showing great potential in improving seed germination effi ciency．This article aims to review the eff ects of chitosan on seed germination and discuss its possible mechanisms of regulating enzyme activity，plant hormones，and gene expression．It is hoped that this will provide clearer theoretical support and practical guidance for the practical application of chitosan in agricultural production，especially in seed germination，thereby contributing to the sustainable development of agricultural production.

This study aimed to develop kompetitive allele specific PCR（KASP）markers suitable for genotyping and fingerprint map construction of watermelon germplasms，so as to enhance the protection of watermelon germplasm resources，variety identification，and genetic improvement．Based on the highquality single nucleotide polymorphism sites（SNPs）identified through the re-sequencing data analysis of watermelon，50 KASP markers were designed and employed for genotyping 43 watermelon accessions．Genetic diversity was assessed via cluster analysis and fingerprinting．The overall success rate of KASP marker design was 40.0%，with signifi cant variations across chromosomes．Notably，chromosomes 1 and 7 had the highest success rate of 75.0%．Sixteen optimal KASP markers were selected for genotyping the 43 watermelon accessions．Their genotyping results were used to establish standardized fi ngerprint maps，which were then encoded into two-dimensional codes．This allows for quick retrieval of genetic information and identifi cation of watermelon materials．Cluster analysis revealed that watermelon accessions from Citrullus amarus predominantly formed a distinct clade with close genetic relationship．In contrast，accessions from Citrullus mucosospermus and Citrullus lanatus were broadly distributed across multiple branches，indicating signifi cant genetic divergence and complexity．This research has successfully established and applied KASP technology for watermelon，off ering a new tool for watermelon genetic research and germplasm resource evaluation．It also provides a scientifi c basis for watermelon cultivar identifi cation and germplasm management．

Plant virus diseases are major issues affecting Cucurbita vegetables during spring open-field cultivation in northern China．To characterize the incidence of virus diseases in diff erent cultivars，a total of 132 samples were investigated，including 122 samples from three major species（Cucurbita maxima，Cucurbita pepo，and Cucurbita moschata），nine cucumber samples，and one melon sample．All 132 high-generation inbred lines or varieties from Beijing were collected during June and July 2024．RT-PCR analysis using 14 virus-specifi c primers was performed on all the samples．Results showed that three predominant viruses were zucchini yellow mosaic virus（ZYMV，64.8%），watermelon mosaic virus（WMV，45.9%），and cucumber mosaic virus（CMV，17.2%）．Mixed infections involving two viruses occurred at rates ranging from 13.1% to 38.5%，with ZYMV identified as the dominant virus in all three Cucurbita species．To determine the phylogenetic relationships of Beijing ZYMV isolates，three ZYMV coat protein（CP）coding sequences（Beijing-SY1，Beijing-SY2，Beijing-SY3）were obtained from the three Cucurbita species．Phylogenetic analysis including 65 global isolates from diverse countries and regions revealed that the Beijing ZYMV isolates belonged to the East Asian subgroup，genetically similar to isolates from the republic of Korea，Shandong，and Shanxi provinces of China．Friction inoculation experiments confi rmed that the Cucurbita pepo ZYMV isolate Beijing-SY3 systemically infected zucchini and cucumber seedlings，with infectious progeny generated post-inoculation．This study provides a theoretical basis for the identification of dominant virus diseases，the development of control strategies，and breeding virus-resistant varieties in Cucurbita vegetables in China．

To investigate the epigenetic changes in Chinese chive（Allium tuberosum）under abiotic stress，this study employed quantitative real-time PCR，western blotting assays and immunostaining to analyze alterations in nuclear architecture and histone modifi cations under 42 ℃ heat stress．The results showed that under the high temperature treatment，by comparing with the control group，the leaves were withered，the DN4756_c1_g1 gene decreased signifi cantly，indicating that photosynthesis has been destroyed．The enzyme activity of H3K9ac and H4K5ac was signifi cantly increased in leave，histone acetylation modifi ction involved in the heat stress response in Chinese chive．Concurrently，the nucleolar fragmentation lead to Chinese chive plants died completely．These fi ndings provide a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms under lying epigenetic regulation in Chinese chive under environmental stress．

To study the capsaicin synthesis transcription factor of the local variety‘ Zhudachang’in Gansu Province，the cloning and expression analysis of MYB transcription factor were conducted．The results showed that a cDNA with a full length of 1 035 bp was cloned，and the sequence encoded a precursor protein containing 344 amino acids．The conservative domain analysis indicated that the protein contained one HTH myb-type with 54 amino acids and one HTH myb-type with 50 amino acids at the N-terminal，as well as two H-T-H motif DNA binding domains with 24 amino acids each．It was determined that this gene was an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor，and named gene Camyb．The subcellular localization was determined to be in the nucleus by the fluorescence protein fusion expression method．The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis confi rmed that the expression level of the Camyb gene was the highest in the placenta of green mature fruits．

This study explored the correlation between facility environmental factors and the epidemic dynamics of powdery mildew on Heracleum moellendorffii Hance by investigating the occurrence in two solar greenhouses with diff erent structural types．Stepwise regression analysis and multiple linear regression methods were employed to building prediction models for powdery mildew in solar greenhouses．The results showed that the epidemic of powdery mildew on H. moellendorffii in solar greenhouses primarily occurred from June to September，with a daily average air temperature above 20 ℃ and d aily average air relative humidity exceeding 50%．Differences in environmental conditions between the two greenhouse led to variations in disease progression．Principal component analysis and correlation analysis revealed that daily average air temperature，daily average air relative humidity，daily average soil moisture，daily minimum air temperature，daily maximum air relative humidity，and daily minimum air relative humidity exhibited signifi cant or highly signifi cant positive correlations with disease incidence and disease index．In contrast，daily cumulative total radiation and daily average photosynthetically active radiation showed signifi cant or highly signifi cant negative correlations with disease incidence and disease index．The stepwise regression e quations for disease incidence（Y1）and disease index（Y2）were Y1 = 9.976X1 + 2.220X2 - 337.972，and Y2 = 8.995X1 + 2.255X2 - 323.484，respectively．The multiple linear regression equations were Y1 = 9.737X1 + 1.368X2 - 1.3 18X9 + 0.680X8 - 290.111，and Y2 = 8.847X1 + 1.607X2 - 1.571X9 + 0.420X8 - 279.315．Both mo dels demonstrated good
fi tness，providing a theoretical basis for predicting and ecologically controlling powdery mildew for cul tivated H . moellendorffii in solar greenhouse．

To explore the eff ect of rhizobacterium Rh58 on the growth of cucumber plants and the quality of their fruits under salt stress，cucumber variety‘Jinyou 401’was used as the test material．The plants were treated with 75 mmol · L-1 NaCl solution for salt stress，and the enriched rhizobacterium Rh58 was inoculated into the soil around the roots．The results demonstrated that rhizobacterium Rh58 could alleviate the inhibition of salt stress on cucumber growth．Under salt stress conditions，inoculating the rhizosphere bacterium Rh58 into the soil around the roots could significantly increase the plant height，leaf number and leaf area of the plants by 12.1%，7.9% and 45.7% respectively compared with the non-inoculated ones．The photosynthetic capacity of the plant leaves was signifi cantly enhanced，and the yield of cucumber fruits per 667 m2 increased significantly by 13.3%．The contents of soluble protein，VC，soluble solids and the sugar-acid ratio in the fruits were significantly increased by 24.3%，48.4%，0.4 percentage points and 50.8% respectively．In conclusion，rhizobacterium Rh58 can promote the growth of cucumber plant under salt stress and signifi cantly improve the quality and yield of cucumber fruit．

A total of 14 treatments（T1-T14）involving single elements of calcium，zinc，boron，and magnesium，as well as multiple element fertilizers，were set up with Zhangqiu Welsh onion seedlings as the test material and spraying water as the control（CK）．The effects of foliar fertilizer spraying with different medium trace elements on agronomic traits，biological yield，root activity，and antioxidant enzyme activity of Welsh onion seedlings were investigated，and the application effects of different foliar fertilizers were comprehensively evaluated by the membership function method．The results showed that foliar spraying of diverse medium trace element fertilizers could enhance the plant height，pseudostem length，pseudostem width，leaf length，leaf width，and plant weight of Welsh onion seedlings to varying extents．Among these，T12 treatment（calcium，magnesium and boron elemental water-soluble fertilizer，250 times solution）had the best eff ect，with the above indicators increasing by 26.21%，39.45%，25.46%，23.29%，40.43%，and 81.61%，respectively．Furthermore，the application of medium trace elements in the Welsh onion seedings could significantly increase root activity，enhance the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as SOD，POD，and CAT，and reduce the content of MDA．These results will provide a reference point for applying foliar fertilizer to produce high-quality seedlings of Welsh onion．

Since 2023，symptoms of viral diseases such as leaf deformation，wrinkling，chlorosis，yellowing，and mosaic have been observed in cucumbers in areas such as Beichen and Wuqing in Tianjin．To identify the viral pathogens causing cucumber viral diseases in Tianjin and their compound infections，a total of 30 samples of cucumber plants exhibiting viral symptoms，including leaves and fruit，were collected．RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed into cDNA，followed by RT-PCR detection using specifi c primers for the CCYV，WSMoV，MNSV，and CGMMV viruses．Specific bands of approximately 306 bp，449 bp，1 000 bp，and 654 bp were amplifi ed．Sequence alignment of the nucleic acids revealed that the Tianjin isolates of CCYV，WSMoV，MNSV，and CGMMV shared the highest homology with isolates from Xinjiang（KY618799.1），Qingzhou（OQ184866.1），Japan（AB232926.1），and Guangdong（MK933286.1），respectively．Among the 30 samples，29 tested positive for viral diseases，yielding a detection rate of 96.7%．The detection rates for CCYV，WSMoV，MNSV，and CGMMV were 70.0%，43.3%，43.3%，and 20.0%，respectively. CCYV，MNSV，and CGMMV were detected in single infections. In total，33.3% of the samples showed single infections，while 63.3% showed compound infections．This study is the first to report that cucumbers in Tianjin have been infected with WSMoV and MNSV，and the compound infection is severe．It is essential to monitor and control viral diseases to provide a basis for early warning and management of viral diseases．

In order to identify the pathogen species of hybrid konjac soft rot disease，disease samples were collected from 4 main producing areas of remote hybrid varieties in Hubei province．The pathogenicity of the isolated strains was detected by applying Koch’s postulates．The pathogenic strains were classified and iden tifi ed through a combination of 16S rDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis，and the in-vitro inhibitory activities of 11 fungicides，including ethylicin cream，tetramycin aqueous solution and zhongshengmycin wettable powder，against the pathogenic bacterium were explored．The results showed that the isolated pathogenic bacterium was Pectobacterium aroidearum．Among the 11 fungicides，80% ethylicin emulsifi able concentrate showed the best antibacterial eff ect（with an EC50 of 1.32 μg · mL-1），followed by 3% tiametrone wettable powder（with an EC50 of 3.45 μg · mL-1），while 80% bordeaux mixture wettable powder，showed the worst antibacterial eff ect（with an EC50 of 518.82 μg · mL-1）．

Penicillium，Trichoderma and Aspergillus niger were used as indicator bacteria to screen antagonistic bacteria，which provided biological materials and data support for microbial control of contaminated fungi in edible fungi cultivation．In this experiment，three strains of contaminated fungi were isolated from the bag：Penicillium sp.，Trichoderma spp．and Aspergillus niger，and nine strains（TF1-TF9）of diff erent antagonistic bacteria with antagonistic eff ects on contaminated fungi were screened out in the soil of edible fungi greenhouse．Five strains（TF1，TF2，TF4，TF6 and TF8）that did not inhibit Auricularia auricula，Pleurotus ostreatus，Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus eryngii were obtained by plate confrontation method．The antagonistic bacteria were identifi ed by morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequence．The results showed that TF1 and TF4 belonged to Bacillus velezensis．TF2 and TF3 belong to Bacillus pumilus．TF6 and TF8 belong to Bacillus atrophaeus and Paenibacillus sp.，respectively．

Selenium（Se）is an essential trace element for maintaining human health．Consuming selenium-enriched agricultural products is an effective way to meet the body’s selenium requirements．In this study，eggplant（Solanum melongena L.）and tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.），two commonly consumed vegetables，were selected asresearch subjects．Soil application and foliar spraying of sodium selenate were employed to evaluate the eff ects of exogenous selenium on selenium accumulation，plant growth and development，fruit quality，and elemental interactions in eggplant and tomato．The results show that both soil and foliar applications of selenium significantly increased Se accumulation in plants．Under soil selenium application，Se concentrations in eggplant and tomato fruits were approximately 19.70-fold and 8.87-fold higher，respectively，than those under foliar spraying．Under soil application，consuming just 120 g of fresh eggplant or tomato would meet the recommended maximum daily selenium intake for Chinese adults（400 μg · d-1）．Exogenous selenium application did not significantly affect plant biomass（dry weight）but increased chlorophyll a and carotenoid levels while reducing chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in leaves．Foliar application exerted a stronger effect on leaf chlorophyll content than soil application．Exogenous selenium had distinct effects on eggplant and tomato fruit quality．It decreased soluble protein and vitamin C contens
in eggplant，and reduced soluble sugar conten in tomato，while signifi cantly increasing chlorogenic acid and lycopene levels in both fruits．Exogenous selenium altered elemental content and interactions within the plants．In eggplant，manganese content signifi cantly decreased．In tomato，calcium content signifi cantly increased，whereas copper decreased ．In summary，exogenous application of sodium selenate enhanced Se accumulation in eggplant and tomato fruits，with soil application showing the most pronounced eff ect．Notably，sole application of sodium selenate did not improve plant growth or overall fruit quality，indicating that producing high-quality selenium-rich vegetables requires the use of compound selenium fertilizers．

The seedling stage is important growth phase for assessing heat tolerance. In order to explore the heat tolerance of cucumber seedlings from the perspectives of photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen metabolism，the current main variety cucumber‘Jinyou 35’，and the new variety of protected area‘Jinyou 186’were used for experiment．A high-temperature treatment of 42 ℃ during the day and 32 ℃ at night was set in an artifi cial climate chamber，and a normal temperature treatment of 28 ℃ during the day and 18 ℃ at night was used as control to investigate the eff ects of high-temperature stress on cucumber seedlings．The results showed that high temperature stress inhibited the growth of two varieties of seedlings significantly．The fresh weight，dry weight，and leaf area of‘Jinyou 35’seedling decreased by 21.2%，21.9%，and 38.1% compared to control，after 7 days of high t emperature stress treatment，while those of‘Jinyou 186’seedling decreased by 10.6%，6.8%，and 13.6% only．‘Jinyou 186’could maintain higher net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，transpiration rate，and lower intercellular CO2 concentration compared with‘Jinyou 35’during high temperature stress．Meanwhile，the maximum photochemical efficiency，actual photochemical effi ciency，and photochemical quenching coeffi cient of‘Jinyou 186’were higher than those of‘Jinyou 35’signifi cantly．The non photochemical quenching coeffi cient is lower than that of‘Jinyou 35’significantly．The soluble sugars and sucrose of the two varieties cucumber increased and the starch content decreased gradually with the prolongation of high temperature stress time．The starch content of‘Jinyou 186’was higher than that of‘Jinyou 35’signifi cantly after 7 days of high t emperature stress treatment．There was no signifi cant diff erence in the activities of sucrose synthase，sucrose phosphate synthase，and starch hydrolase between the two varieties after 1，3，and 5 days of normal temperature control．The activities of sucrose synthase，sucrose phosphate synthase，and starch hydrolase in‘ Jinyou 186’seedlings were significantly lower than those in‘Jinyou 35’after 7 days of high temperature stress treatment．Furthermore，the expression levels of photosynthesi s related genes RbcL，RbcS，and nitrogen metabol ism relat ed gene NR in‘ Jinyou 186’were significantly higher than those in‘Jinyou 35’after 7 days of high temperature stress，while the e xpression levels of carbon metabolism related genes SS，SPS and Amylase in‘Jinyou 186’were signifi cantly lower than those in‘Jinyou 35’．These results also proved that the high temperature tolerance of the new cucumber variety‘Jinyou 186’is signifi cantly higher than‘Jinyou 35’．The research results provided a certain reference for b reeding and identifying heat-resistan t va rieties for cucumber cultivation in protected areas．

To expedite the development of high-quality，disease-resistant eggplant germplasm resources in northern China and identify reliable molecular markers for resistance against Verticillium wilt and bacterial wilt，this study evaluated 91 representative northern eggplant germplasm resources．From eight Verticillium wilt-resistant and nine bacterial wilt-resistant molecular markers，we successfully identified two specific markers for each disease．These markers revealed 13 germplasms carrying Verticillium wilt-resistant genes and 10 with bacterial wilt-resistant genes．Correlation analysis demonstrated strong negative relationships between fi eld disease severity scores and molecular marker results，with coeffi cients of -0.84 for Verticillium wilt and -0.79 for bacterial wilt．The high-effi cacy markers identifi ed in this study provide valuable technical support for breeding superior eggplant germplasm with dual resistance to Verticillium and bacterial wilts in northern regions．

In order to further clarify the effects of salt stress on seedling growth，yield and quality of radish．Three salt-sensitive and three salt-tolerant radish varieties were treated at seedling stage with 200 mmol · L-1 NaCl to analyze their p hysiological and biochemical changes．Five varieties with strong salt tolerance were planted in nonsaline-al kali land and saline-alkali land to measure yield and quality of the taproot．The results showed that NaCl s ignificantly inhibited the growth of radish seedlings，and the effect on salt-sensitive were varieties more obvious．The chlorophyll content decreased sig nificantly，in a range from 32.34% to 55.50%．The soluble protein content of salt-sensitive varieties decreased sig nifi cantly，while the content of salt-tolerant varieties increased．The proline content increased signifi cantly，with an increase of more than 200%．The POD activity was also significantly increased，with an increase range of 43.11%-1 420.15%．Planted in saline-alkali land，root weight and root length of ‘Yangzhouyuanbai’and‘Chunbaiyu’ in creased obviously．Except that，yield indexes including root length，root diameter and root weight were not signifi cantly changed among the fi ve salt-tolerant varieties，and generally the indexes were higher in nonsalinealkali land．The contents of soluble sugar，soluble protein and vitamin C were significantly increased in saline-alkali soil planted radish，and the contents of soluble protein increased most dramatically by 15.91% to 40.00%．

In order to clarify the soil fertility quality level of facility vegetable base in Shan’gang area of Zhangjiagang，the principal component analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used to evaluate the soil fertility of 60 soil samples．The results showed that in the study area，the content of each nutrient index was more balanced in spatial distribution；according to the principal component analysis method，the order of the weight values of soil nutrient indexes was determined：organic matter ＜ available potassium ＜available nitrogen ＜ available molybdenum ＜ available iron ＜ available boron ＜ available manganese ＜available copper ＜ available phosphorus ＜ available zinc ＜ pH；through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method，it is known that the overall fertility of the soil in the study area is at the second level and above，but the nutrient status is not ideal，and the content of available manganese，available boron and available iron is extremely lacking．Available potassium，available copper and available phosphorus were at a very high level；there is a signifi cant positive correlation between the evaluation results of principal component analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method，which confirms the correctness of the evaluation results．The results of this study clarifi ed the spatial distribution characteristics and abundance of soil nutrients in the facility vegetable base of Shan’gang，Zhangjiagang，in order to lay a solid theoretical foundation for future soil management and balanced fertilization strategies．

Tomato cultivation has high economic benefits and can also generate carbon emissions．A tomato production benefi t evaluation index system has been constructed，in which economic benefi t indicators include tomato yield，tomato price，total cost，net profit，cost-benefit ratio，and environmental cost indicators include diesel consumption and carbon input value of fertilizer application．Principal component analysis was used to analyze the comprehensive benefi ts of open fi eld and facility tomato cultivation in various provinces of the Huang Huai Hai agricultural region，providing a basis for high-yield and low-carbon tomato cultivation．The results showed that the net profi t of open fi eld and facility tomatoes in diff erent provinces，from high to low，was as follows：Shandong，Hebei，Anhui，Jiangsu，Henan；Hebei，Anhui，Jiangsu，Shandong，Henan．The order of cost-benefit ratio of open field and facility tomatoes from high to low is：Shandong，Hebei，Anhui，Jiangsu，Henan；Anhui，Hebei，Jiangsu，Shandong，Henan．The total environmental cost of open fi eld and facility tomatoes，in descending order，is as follows：Henan，Anhui，Hebei，Shandong，Jiangsu；Henan，Jiangsu，Shandong，Hebei，Anhui．The comprehensive index values of open fi eld tomatoes are：Jiangsu ＞ Shandong ＞ Hebei ＞ Anhui ＞ Henan，and the comprehensive index
values of facility tomatoes are：Hebei ＞ Henan ＞ Jiangsu ＞ Shandong ＞ Anhui．The comprehensive index values can be used as one of the basis for judging the comprehensive benefits of tomato cultivation in each province．It is recommended to choose new high-yield and low-carbon tomato varieties，adopt low-c arbon cultivation techni ques，and achieve the goal of high-yield and low-carbon tomato production．

‘Jindong 52 1’is a new cucumber for protected field cultivation F1 hybrid developed by inbred line‘JL-2’as female parent and‘JLBM-3’as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor，with a female fl ower node rate of about 60%．The first female flower node is located at the 4th-5th node，and it has a strong ability for continuous fruiting．The fruit is straight and uniform，with a fast growth rate，and 33-35 cm in length． The fruit peel is dark green and glossy，with moderate spines and knobs．The single fruit weight is about 210 g． It is resist ant to powdery mildew and Fusarium wilt，middle resistant to downy mildew．It can total yield over 180 t · hm-2．It is suitable for protected field cultivation in areas of Northern China．

‘Jinjiao 206’ is a new sweet pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘C16’as female parent and inbred line‘C31’as male parent．It is of middle-late mature，with plant erect and compact type．The first flower node is located at about the 10th node．It takes about 63 days from transplanting to first harvesting．The fruit is thick square lantern shape，young fruit is dark green in color and mature fruit is red in color，with smooth and gloss．The average single fruit weight is 184 g， and fruit length is about 9 c m，fruit width is about 9.5 cm，flesh thickness is about 0.8 cm，with crisp and slightly sweet in taste．It has good yield，with a yield of 60.0-67.5 t · hm-2．It is suitable for spring sowing open field and greenhouse plastic film mulching cultivation in northern area of China．

‘Huangguan 304’is a new taste type celery variety，which is developed through artificial controlled hybridization using inbred line‘C304’as female parent and selected single plant‘S330’as male parent，followed by five consecutive generations of self-pollination directional selection．It grows fast and matures early，can be harvested after about 60 days of planting，with an average single plant weight of 63.3 g．The plant height is about 65 cm．The petiole is hollow and shallow of ribs，with an average 36.2 cm in length and 1.1 cm in width，and light yellow in color，gradually turns white near the base．The mature leaves are yellow green，and the heart leaves are tender yellow．The plant is c risp and ten der with a crude fi ber content of 0.725%，and a sw eet taste with a total soluble sugar content of 1.16%．It is late bolting，and high resistant to leaf spot disease．It can yield about 54 t · hm-2，and suitable for direct-seeding rapid g rowth as well as transplanting cultivation in various regions in the north and south．

‘Kexin 37’is a new fresh potato variety developed through sexual hybridization and clonal selection，using‘Dongnong 303’as female parent and‘Kexin No.16’as male parent．It exhibits early maturity，with a growth period of about 66 days．The plant type is semi-upright．The tubers are concentrated，short oval-shaped，with moderate bud eyes，yellow skin and light yellow flesh．The dry matter content is 16.0%，starch content is 10.8%，protein content is 1.78%，VC content is 351.2 mg · kg-1，and reducing sugar content is 0.28%．It is moderately resistant to PVX，PVY，and late blight．It produces 5-7 tubers per plant，with an average single tuber weight of 212.3 g，and a commercial tuber rate of 83.40%-94.31%．The yield is about 45 t · hm-2．It is suitable for planting in various ecological areas of Heilongjiang Province．