Abstract：During‘The 14th Five-year Plan’period，China has vigorously promoted various tasks in the seed industry，marking a crucial stage for the high-quality development of pepper genetic breeding．Although research on pepper genetics and breeding was not independently funded as a separate project in the national key R & D programs，it has received support from multiple scientific and technological projects of relevant national authorities，including programs for precise germplasm identification，gene discovery，germplasm innovation，and rural revitalization．Driven by genomics and multi-omics technologies，substantial progress has been made in both the genetic mechanisms and breeding technologies of pepper，representing one of the fastest-developing phases in recent years．There has been a significant increase in fundamental theoretical research，as well as in the diversity and number of released varieties，accompanied by an elevated proportion of high-quality cultivars．This paper 14th Five-year Plan’period，and provides an outlook for development in‘The 15th Five-year Plan’．

Abstract：During‘The 14th Five-year Plan’period，radish genetic breeding research in China focused on the goals of high quality，multi-resistance，and specialization，achieving significant progress． In terms of genomics，the construction of high-quality T2T genomes and pan-genome maps has facilitated the precise evaluation of germplasm resources．Regarding trait analysis，the genetic mechanisms underlying key traits such as taproot enlargement，bolting and flowering，quality formation，and clubroot resistance have been deeply elucidated，and molecular markers for marker-assisted selection have been developed． In the field of breeding technology，technical systems including isolated microspore culture，gene editing，and distant hybridization have matured，resulting in the creation of a number of elite breeding materials．In variety breeding，a series of breakthrough new varieties that are resistant to clubroot，functional，and suitable for mechanized production have been successfully bred and promoted．This paper systematically reviews the research progress in radish breeding over the past five years，analyzes the bottleneck problems currently faced，and proposes future development strategies centered on precision smart breeding．

Abstract：This study employs field investigations and questionnaire surveys to systematically analyze the current development status and existing challenges of mechanization in China’s vegetable industry．While the mechanization rate of vegetable production in China has been steadily increasing，the overall level remains
relatively low，with significant disparities observed across regions，production stages，and vegetable categories．Core issues include a weak foundation in vegetable equipment manufacturing，low integration among agronomic practices，agricultural machinery，and facility structure，insufficient technological innovation capabilities，and a shortage of specialized professionals．The research identifies development demands and five major trends for mechanization in China’s vegetable industry，formulates strategic objectives for short-term，medium-term，and long-term horizons，establishes five guiding principles including demand orientation and four development pathways，and proposes specific strategic measures spanning planning formulation，technological breakthroughs，industrial chain development，and the establishment of standard demonstration systems．Additionally，eight targeted policy recommendations are put forward as well．The research results provide strategic support for promoting the full and whole-process mechanization of China’s vegetable industry and building a strong national vegetable industry．

Abstract：In 2025，China’s garlic market exhibited three prominent characteristics：garlic prices shifted from high to low on a year-on-year（YoY）basis，overall price levels remained elevated，and exports followed a trend of‘ increased volume，decreased price，and reduced total value’．For 2026，driven by high inventory levels and expanded planting areas，garlic prices are highly likely to be lower than those of 2025，provided that no sustained or large-scale natural disasters occur in major producing regions. Currently，China’s garlic industry faces significant challenges，including the frequent occurrence of natural disasters，substantial price volatility，and excessive concentration of export markets．It is recommended to enhance the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of garlic farmers，strengthen the dissemination of market information，and optimize the structure of export markets to promote the high-quality development of the garlic industry．

Abstract：The development of agricultural industrial clusters is an important way to realize rural revitalization．As a major component of Beijing’s urban modern agriculture，the promotion of clustered vegetable industry development is the key measure to guarantee the supply of capital’s‘ vegetable basket’product and improve the level of agricultural modernization in Beijing．Based on the systematic analysis of the production characteristics and effects of the vegetable industry clusters in Beijing，this study integrates survey data to conduct an in-depth examination of the challenges confronting the cluster’s development，including increasingly tight resource constraints，high proportion of old facilities，insufficient construction of cold chain logistics，incomplete industrial chains，and inadequate economic resilience of growers．This paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the following aspects：innovating land management methods，strengthening the support of technology and talents，promoting the renovation of old facilities，advancing the development of cold chain logistics，supporting brand building，extending the vegetable industry chain，expanding diversified sales channels，and improving the industry’s risk resistance capacity．

Abstract：The sales model for agricultural products directly impacts farmers’ income levels．Based on survey data from Xinjiang’s primary watermelon and melon production areas，this study employs multiple linear regression and quantile regression models to examine the primary sales channels and their incomegenerating effects．Results indicate：the primary sales models for Xinjiang watermelons and melons include intermediary sales，cooperative/enterprise sales，and e-commerce sales，with intermediary sales remaining the dominant model．E-commerce sales yield the greatest income-increasing effect，while cooperative/enterprise sales produce similar income gains to intermediary sales．The greatest income-increasing effect is achieved by using the intermediary sales model for watermelons and the e-commerce sales model for muskmelons．Across different cultivation scales，the e-commerce sales model consistently yields the highest income-increasing effect．The intermediary sales model and the cooperative/enterprise sales model can narrow the income gap between different income groups．The impact of the e-commerce sales model on income disparities first decreased and then increased，but overall showed a narrowing trend．

Abstract：This review summarizes recent research advances in efficient haploid breeding for field corn and fresh corn．We focus on the development of haploid inducer lines，haploid identification，and chromosome doubling，and systematically elucidate the effects of induction lines，maternal genetic materials，ecological and climatic conditions，and pollination periods on haploid induction efficiency in fresh corn．The findings provide theoretical guidance and practical application references for haploid breeding in fresh corn.

Abstract：Plant endophytic microorganisms play a crucial role in regulating host nutrient absorption and stress resistance．However，the mechanisms by which host genetic factors drive the formation of specific microbial communities remain unclear．This study investigated cucumber，a model crop with a vascular system，focusing on the phloem-a key site for assimilate transport．Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing， we systematically analyzed the composition characteristics of endophytic bacterial communities in phloem tissues across different cucumber genotypes．Results showed that Proteobacteria dominated the phloem bacterial communities in all genotypes．Thirteen core amplicon sequence variants（ASVs）were identified， with culturable strains successfully isolated. Genome-wide association study（GWAS）revealed that the relative abundance of core ASV Stenotrophomonas_ASV1 showed significant association with SNP locus Chr4_24 974 285．The corresponding gene CsaV3_4G035400，encoding a xylanase-active protein，was identified as a potential key regulator of microbial recruitment. Functional validation demonstrated that this bacterial strain significantly promotes cucumber seedling growth．Our findings highlight the potential role of plant xylanase-related genes in regulating specific endophyte recruitment，providing new insights into hostgene-microbe interaction mechanisms．

Abstract：ProT is a type of amino acid transporter located on the plasma membrane，belonging to the AAAP family，responsible for the transport of amino acids from the apoplast to the cytosol．This experiment cloned and performed bioinformatics analysis and localization analysis on the protein encoded by SlProT1．The results showed that the SlProT1 encodes 441 amino acids，with a molecular weight of 48.54 Kda and a theoretical isoelectric point of 9.34．It is a stable hydrophobic protein with a protein structure including alpha helices，random coils，and extended strands．Real time fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that the SlProT1 is expressed in the root，stem，leaf，and flower tissues of tomatoes，with the highest expression level in the leaves，significantly higher than in the roots，stems，and flowers．Bioinformatics prediction shows that SlProT1 may be located on the plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane，while subcellular localization of SlProT1-mCherry comfirmed that SlProT1 is located on the plasma

membrane．

Abstract：Eggplant is rich in vitamins and is one of the essential nutrients for maintaining human health．In this experiment，an F₂ population was constructed using green eggplant as the female parent and whitegreen eggplant as the male parent．The contents of vitamin P and vitamin C were determined in the population．Genetic analysis was performed using the mixed major-gene plus polygene inheritance model for quantitative traits in plants．The results showed that the optimal inheritance model for vitamin P content is 1MG-NCD，controlled by a single pair of major genes with complete negative dominance，primarily additive effects，and the major gene heritability in the F₂ generation is 96.571 4%．The optimal inheritance model for vitamin C content is 2MG-A，controlled by two pairs of genes with additive effects，one pair exerts a negative additive effect on vitamin C content（d_a = -0.914 9），while the other pair exerts a positive additive effect（d_b = 0.523 4）．No dominance effect was observed，and the major gene heritability in the F2 generation is 99.096%．In breeding practice，selecting parents with high vitamin P and vitamin C contents can be used to develop eggplant varieties with elevated levels of these vitamins．

Abstract：Dioscorea opposita Thunb.，a prominent species among China’s‘ Four Huai Medicines’，possesses significant medicinal and edible value．Its cultivar D. opposita cv.‘Tiegun’ is particularly valued for its superior quality．However，prolonged vegetative propagation has led to severe viral infections，resulting in germplasm degeneration and yield decline in this crop．To clarify the viral species and their expression levels at different developmental stages of D. opposita cv.‘Tiegun’ in the authentic producing area of Jiaozuo，Henan， this study first employed small RNA deep sequencing technology to identify three viruses，namely Japanese yam mosaic virus（JYMV），yam latent virus（YLV），and broad bean wilt virus-2（BBWV-2），from the D. opposita cv.‘Tiegun’ samples collected from the National Yam Germplasm Repository of Wen County Institute of Agricultural Sciences（hereinafter referred to as the Wen County Repository）．Subsequent comprehensive RTPCR assays on samples from three distinct cultivation areas（the Wen County Repository，Fantian Town，and Qinyang City）confirmed the presence of four viruses：JYMV，yam yellow spot mosaic virus（YYSMV），BBWV-2，and YLV．JYMV and YYSMV were identified as the most prevalent，with average detection rates exceeding 99.0% across all surveyed regions．Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of YYSMV，YLV，and JYMV followed a consistent pattern，increasing during early growth，peaking between 120 and 150 days after sowing，and subsequently declining．In contrast，BBWV-2 exhibited persistently low expression throughout all monitored stages．Based on these expression dynamics，the optimal period for collecting explants for shoot-tip-based virus eradication was determined to be approximately 120 days post-sowing（within a 110-130 day window）．This study provides the first systematic report on the virome and growthstage-specific viral expression patterns in D. opposita cv.‘Tiegun’ from its core production area．The findings offer crucial data for advancing virus-free planting material production and establish a scientific foundation fordeveloping targeted，integrated disease management strategies tailored to regional viral prevalence．

Abstract：Fruit pericarp thickness in pepper is closely associated with cell wall components and xyloglucan

endotransglucosylase/hydrolase（XTH）enzyme activity，yet relevant research remains insufficient．This study measured the contents of cellulose，hemicellulose，and pectin，as well as XTH activity，in pericarp tissues of five pepper inbred lines（three thick-pericarp pepper and two thin-pericarp pepper）at 10 and 35 days after pollination（DAP），and performed comparative and correlation analyses．The results showed that principal component analysis（PCA）indicated the first three principal components cumulatively explained 95.39% of the variance，revealing significant differences in metabolite accumulation patterns between the two pepper types．Quantitative analysis demonstrated that total pectin，cellulose，and hemicellulose contents were all higher in thin-pericarp peppers than in thick-pericarp peppers，and the contents of these three components were generally lower at 35 DAP compared to 10 DAP across the five pepper lines．Conversely，XTH activity was relatively higher in thick-pericarp peppers and was generally elevated at 35 DAP．Further correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among pectin，cellulose，and hemicellulose，while showing negative correlations with XTH activity．These findings indicate that cultivar type differences are important factors causing variations in cell wall components and XTH activity，providing a theoretical basis for improving pepper fruit quality through the regulation of cell wall homeostasis．

Abstract：To identify genes of the AP2-ERF transcription factor family with altered expression levels in orange Chinese cabbage leaves under NaCl stress，orange Chinese cabbage seedlings were subjected to salt stress treatments with 0，150，and 300 mmol · L^-1 NaCl solutions．Key AP2-ERF family genes responding to NaCl stress were screened via RNA-seq，and their differential expression trends were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR）．Subsequently，the full-length RAP2.2 gene was cloned by RT-PCR，followed by bioinformatics analysis of this gene．The results showed that under 0-300 mmol · L^-1 NaCl stress：the expression levels of AP2-ERF，RAP2.2，RAP2.7，RAP2.12，TOE2，and At1g16060-like（homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana At1g16060）in seedling leaves first increased and then decreased，peaking under the 150 mmol · L^-1 NaCl treatment；the expression levels of RAP2.1，RAP2.3，RAP2.4，RAP2.11，and At2g41710-like（homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana At2g41710）generally showed an upward trend，reaching the peak under the 300 mmol · L-1 NaCl treatment；RAV1 was down-regulated；
while the expression level of PLT2 showed no significant difference．The full-length cDNA of the cloned RAP2.2 gene was 1 307 bp，encoding 352 amino acids．This study clarified the expression characteristics of AP2-ERF family genes and the molecular properties of RAP2.2 in orange Chinese cabbage under salt stress，providing a theoretical basis and genetic resources for subsequent analysis of the salt stress response mechanism mediated by this gene family and salt-tolerant molecular breeding of orange Chinese cabbage．

Abstract：To clarify the molecular characteristics and host range of Yuxi，Yunnan isolates of Chili vein mottle virus（ChiVMV）and Chili ringspot virus（ChiRSV），and to provide a scientific basis for the precise prevention and control of pepper viral diseases in this region，this study used pepper samples suspected of coinfection collected from Yuxi，Yunnan as materials．The isolates ChiVMV-LJ6 and ChiRSV-LJ6 were obtained by RT-PCR amplification．DNAMAN 8 and MEGA-X software were used for whole-genome nucleotide identity analysis and phylogenetic tree construction of the two isolates，and the infectivity of these two viruses to 7 pepper varieties was explored by friction inoculation．The results showed that after removing the poly（A）tail，the full-length genome of ChiVMV-LJ6 was 9 718 bp，and that of ChiRSV-LJ6 was 9 652 bp．Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ChiVMV-LJ6 had the closest evolutionary relationship with the Yunnan pepper ChiVMV isolate（GenBank accession no. ON168943.1），while ChiRSV-LJ6 was most closely related to the Yunnan pepper ChiRSV isolates（GenBank accession nos. KX258620.1 and MZ269480.1）．All 7 tested pepper varieties could be infected by the two viruses either individually or in combination，and there were significant differences in symptoms among different varieties after infection．This study clarified the molecular characteristics and wide host range of ChiVMV-LJ6 and ChiRSV-LJ6，and provided an important theoretical basis for the precise prevention and control of pepper virus coinfection and the breeding of diseaseresistant varieties in this region．

Abstract：To develop bolting-resistant Xinlimei radish germplasm，the Japanese bolting-resistant cultivar‘Ninengo’was used as the donor parent and the Chinese Xinlimei radish inbred line‘MTH02’as the recurrent parent．Through backcrossing，selfing，molecular marker-assisted selection（MAS）and field trait evaluation，the bolting-resistant gene was successfully introgressed into the Xinlimei radish，resulting in the creation of the bolting-resistant line‘BR-MTH02’．Compared to the recurrent parent，‘BR-MTH02’ exhibited a delayed bolting and flowering time 19.82 and 22.77 days，respectively，while retaining key agronomic traits of the Xinlimei radish，such as leaf shape，root shape，and red flesh．This study realized the practical application of the RsFLC2 molecular marker in breeding，providing a reference for the subsequent development of bolt-resistant germplasm．

Abstract：Purple flowering stalk（beetroot shoots）is an important overwintering vegetable in the  middle reaches of the Yangtze River and is widely favored for its rich nutritional value and crisp–sweet flavor．In this study，15 purple-flowering stalk varieties and one white-stalk variety were evaluated for their appearance，nutritional，and sensory qualities before and after frost．The results revealed substantial quality variation among varieties．Among them，the late-maturing varieties CT-14（‘Hongshancaitai-5’），CT-6 （‘Hongshancaitai-2’），and CT-1（‘Hongtai 1905’）exhibited superior overall performance and higher edible value，providing promising germplasm for breeding，cultivation，and product development．After exposure to low-temperature frost，significant changes were observed in appearance traits：shoot height decreased in nine varieties，stem thickness increased in six varieties，and both fresh and dry weights decreased in seven and six varieties，respectively．Regarding nutritional quality，soluble protein content increased significantly in 13 varieties，cellulose content decreased in all 15 varieties，and chlorophyll content increased in six varieties．For mineral elements，the levels of K，Ca，Na，and Mg increased in eight varieties，whereas Fe，Mn，and Cu decreased in six varieties，and Zn and S decreased in nine varieties．In addition，many key primary metabolites were altered，reflecting the physiological regulation and metabolic adaptability of purple flowering
stalk under extreme low-temperature conditions．Sensory evaluation showed that all 16 varieties received higher scores after frost．

Abstract：To investigate the feasibility of using vine scions for watermelon grafting，seedless watermelon‘ Mitong’was grafted onto bottle gourd rootstock‘Qianggen’．The effects of seedling and vine scions（lateral vines and main shoot tips）on the growth and yield of grafted watermelon seedlings were studied．The results showed that，under the same grafting method，grafting survival rates of watermelon seedlings grafted with lateral vines via both side grafting and hole insertion grafting were significantly lower compared to those grafted with seedling scions．The absolute growth rate of the heart leaf length decreased significantly，while the absolute growth rate of plant height increased significantly．Notably，the reduction in grafting survival rate was significantly less pronounced in side grafting with lateral vine scions compared to hole insertion grafting．The grafting efficiency，root length，root volume，root fresh weight，and root dry weight of grafted seedlings varied considerably depending on the grafting method and scion type． Specifically，grafting efficiency of side grafting with lateral vines showed no significant difference from that of side grafting with seedling scions，whereas grafting efficiency of hole insertion grafting with lateral vines was significantly lower than that with seed-grown scions．The vine length of seedlings grafted with lateral vines began to increase significantly from 14 days after transplanting．By 28 days after transplanting， seedlings grafted with lateral vines via the side grafting method exhibited the longest vine length（275.5 cm）．When the splice grafting method was uniformly applied，compared with seed-grown scions，grafted seedlings using main shoot tip or lateral vine scions showed a significant increase in single fruit weight（4.02，3.81 kg） and benefit-cost ratio，along with a significantly more distal fruit-setting node．There were no significant differences were observed in fruit transverse diameter，longitudinal diameter，rind thickness，fruit shape index，or soluble solids content at the fruit center．However，soluble solids content in the pericarp differed significantly between seedlings grafted with lateral vine scions and those grafted with seed-grown scions．In conclusion，watermelon seedlings grafted with lateral vine scions using the splice grafting method is more advantageous. Grafted seedlings exhibited vigorous growth，significantly increased single fruit weight and yield，a more distal fruit-setting node，significantly higher soluble solids content at the pericarp，and a
markedly improved benefit-cost ratio，indicating promising prospects for widespread adoption．

Abstract：The recycling rate of ordinary plastic film was low，and its resistance to degradation leaded to persistent film residue，which severely polluted soil and hindered the green development of agriculture．However，the effects of biodegradable mulching films varied with different thicknesses．To address this issue，a study was conducted on greenhouse strawberry cultivation using ordinary plastic film（PE）as the control（CK）．Four treatments with biodegradable mulching films composed of PLA + PBAT were applied at thicknesses of 0.006
mm（C1），0.008 mm（C2），0.010 mm（C3），and 0.012 mm（C4）．This study aimed to compare the thermal insulation and moisture retention properties of different mulching films，as well as their effects on the agronomic traits，yield，and sugar content of strawberries．It further analyzed the associated input costs and economic returns，and evaluated the degradation performance of biodegradable mulching films．The results showed no significant differences in thermal insulation among the various film treatments．Within 60 days after application，treatments C1 to C4 demonstrated moisture retention comparable to that of ordinary plastic film．However，120 days after application，the soil moisture content under treatment C1 was 1.22 percentage points lower than that of CK，showing a statistically significant difference．Except for this observation，no significant differences in soil moisture were found between treatments C1-C4 and CK．No significant differences were observed in agronomic traits（plant height，leaf length，leaf width，and crown width）and sugar content between the C1-C4 treatments and CK，indicating that all treatments supported normal strawberry growth．The yield under treatment C1 was 5.8% lower than that of CK，with a significant difference，whereas yields under treatments C2，C3，and C4 did not differ significantly from CK．The film cost for treatments C1 and C2 were lower than that of CK．Economic effectiveness for treatments C2，C3，and C4 were similar to those of CK，but the economic effectiveness of treatment C1 was significantly lower than that of the other treatments．At the end of the experiment（about 140 days after mulching），none of the biodegradable mulching films of all thicknesses had entered the degradation induction phase.Therefore，considering multiple factors，including thermal insulation，moisture retention，strawberry yield and sugar content，film cost，economic effectiveness，and potential for later-stage degradation，the 0.008 mm biodegradable mulching film is recommended among the four tested thicknesses for replacing ordinary plastic film in greenhouse strawberry cultivation．These findings clarify the optimal thickness for biodegradable mulching films in greenhouse strawberry production，providing technical guidance and a theoreticalbasis for promoting the substitution of ordinary plastic film with biodegradable alternatives．

Abstract：Streptomyces rochei strain PBSH7 was isolated from potato tubers infected with common scab．Its metabolites exhibit significant inhibitory activity against the pathogen causing potato common scab．In this study，with the diameter of the inhibition zone as the response index，the culture conditions for the production of bioactive substances by strain PBSH7 were systematically optimized，including aspects of culture medium，incubation time，inoculation volume，temperature，and initial pH，using a combination of single-factor  experiments and Box-Behnken response surface methodology．The results showed that the optimal inhibitory effect of the metabolites was achieved under the following conditions：an inoculation volume of 7%（seed culture concentration of 1 × 10⁸ CFU · mL^-1），an initial pH of 7.0，and incubation at 28 ℃ for 8 days．Under these optimized conditions，the diameter of the inhibition zone reached 24.63 mm，which was an increase of 12.80 mm compared to the original culture conditions．This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the large-scale industrial development and application of strain PBSH7．

Abstract：Using‘ Nais’ carrot（Daucus carota L.）seeds as experimental materials，this study systematically compared the hydropriming（HYD），and hydro-electro hybrid priming（HEHP）treatments on seed germination．Initially，the response surface methodology（RSM）was employed to screen the the optimal parameters of the high-voltage electrostatic field for the HEHP treatment．All germination indices were comprehensively integrated into PCA value through principal component analysis，followed by the response surface methodology to construct a mathematical model linking PCA values with electric field parameters．Based on the optimized parameters，a 12-month timeliness validation was conducted．The results showed that HEHP significantly optimized the germination performance of carrot seeds．Among the treatments，HEHP9 to HEHP13 achieved the highest levels of germination rate，fresh weight，germination index，and vigor index，along with the shortest mean germination time of only 3.48 days．The optimized electric field parameters were an intensity of 2.05 kV · cm^-1 and a treatment duration of 81.4 s，under which the germination rate reached 90.0% and the vigor index was 4.63．The time-effect validation results revealed that the priming effect gradually diminished with prolonged storage，with the biological effects of the seeds lasting approximately 8 months，which generally meets practical production requirements．This study utilized a physico-chemical synergistic priming technology to provide an operable and low-cost seed treatment solution for the mechanized sowing of carrots．

Abstract：Compared with traditional experience-based strategies，optimal control has significant potential to improve crop production efficiency in Chinese solar greenhouses（CSGs）．However，the optimal CSG climate control approach that can be implemented based on conventional local controllers is currently lacking．This study first introduces an innovative tabular scoring method for tomato growth assessment．It involves designing scoring tables for air temperature，shortwave radiation，and effective accumulated temperature， and assigning weighted scores to capture both instantaneous and long-term effects．Then，a CSG climate-crop growth model is developed，followed by the formulation of the optimal control problem．The resulting control system is designed to be compatible with simple controllers，with a focus on exploring the optimal combination of controller setpoints and their reference values．The proposed control approach was evaluated in CSG tomato production scenarios in Beijing．Results show that the control-oriented tomato growth assessment method produced scores that agreed with measured growth trends under different greenhouse climates，effectively simulating the impact of environmental conditions on crop growth．Among various optimal control strategies for the thermal blanket based on setpoints of time and climates，the strategy using combined temperature and radiation setpoints yielded the greatest potential for improving CSG production efficiency．Accordingly，we recommend this setpoint combination for controller design in CSGs．This research provides technical support and a practical framework for deploying optimal control in CSG climate management．

Abstract：China is one of the world’s major producers and exporters of onions，and its onion exports play a significant role in the global market．Based on export data from 2013 to 2023，this study analyzes the scale，structure，and international competitiveness of Chinese onion exports using indicators such as international market share（IMS），trade competitiveness index（TC），revealed comparative advantage index（RCA），and export market diversification index（HHI）．Furthermore，the constant market share （CMS）model is applied to explore key factors affecting export growth．The results show that： ① Chinese onion exports has increased with fluctuations，with fresh onions leading the market； ② as a major onion producer，China holds a strong competitive position globally； ③ since 2020，the competitiveness of Chinese onions has declined，and the market concentration for fresh onion exports has decreased significantly； ④ the competitiveness，demand，and structural effects have varying impacts on export growth，with competitiveness being the most influential．To strengthen China’s position in the global market，it is suggested to optimize market structure，leverage the Belt and Road Initiative，and improve export standardization to
strengthen the international competitiveness of its onion industry and promote sustainable development of its export trade．

Abstract：‘Nanqiezhen No.4’is a new resistant to bacterial wilt eggplant rootstock F1 hybrid，which is developed by crossing inbred line‘HZ201702’as female parent and inbred line‘Nanqiezhen No.2’as male parent．It is a medium maturity．The plant has strong growth vigor，and first flower node is at the 8-10th node．The main stem is short，with there are dense to extremely dense pubescence on the lateral branches． The flower is purple，mainly composed of clustered inflorescences，with more than 3 flowers per inflorescence．The fruit is oval，with 8-10 cm in length and 5-6 cm in width．The fruit skin is purple-brown，calyx is greenpurple，with a patterned surface．The single fruit weight is 90-110 g．The seed is kidney-shaped，and the thousand-seed weight is about 3.4 g．The seed coat is light yellow．It has good grafting affinity，and high resistance to bacterial wilt．It is suitable for grafting cultivation of eggplant in severe bacterial wilt area of southern China．

Abstract：‘Nongjiao No.5’is a new mid-early maturity pepper F1 hybrid bred by crossing inbred line‘2014XL-11’as female parent and‘2014XL-63’as male parent．Its growth period is of about 150 days，and a first flowering node at the 7-8th node．The plant shows strong growth vigor，and loose plant type，with leaf is of lanceolate．The fruit is linear in shape，immature fruit is green，with shallow wrinkling and good glossiness，averaging 26.8 cm in length，1.8 cm in shoulder width，0.3 cm in flesh thickness，24.7 g in single fruit weight．Under open-field cultivation，the yield is about 39 t · hm-2．The ripe fruit is red， offering pungent and aromatic flavor，with good commercial quality．It is resistant to Phytophthora blight， moderately resistance to anthracnose and cucumber mosaic virus（CMV）．It is suitable for protected and open field cultivation in chili pepper planting areas in Xinjiang．

Abstract：‘Baiyu 67’is a new extra-early maturing thin-thick-rind intermediate type melon F₁ hybrid bred by crossing inbred line‘B2171’as female parent and‘CL4’as male parent．The fruit is short oval，with a shape index of about 1.50．The rind and flesh are white in color，with a smooth fruit surface that rarely exhibits yellowish halo．The flesh is crisp，sweet and refreshing，with a soluble solids content in the central flesh of 16.12%．The average single fruit weight is 0.34 kg，and the yield is about 30 t · hm^-2．Under spring greenhouse cultivation，the fruit development period is about 35 days and the whole growth period is about 110 days．It is resistant to powdery mildew，downy mildew，and root rot．The plant shows strong growth vigor， high fruit-setting ability，and the fruit has a good storability and transportability．It is suitable for spring protected cultivation in East China regions．

Abstract：‘Cangpu No.1’is a new dandelion variety domesticated and bred by wild germplasm．It exhibits strong growth vigor，with an upright plant type，a deep and thick root system．The leaf is of green， oblong-oblanceolate，large and fleshy，with leaf margins of some leaves exhibit wavy teeth or pinnate deep lobes．The average leaf length is 23.3 cm，and leaf width is 3.6 cm．The flowering is concentrated，with flowering period of early and short，and average number of flowers per plant is 36.3．The leaf cellulose content is 420.0 mg · g^-1（FW），total flavonoid content is 902.0 mg · kg^-1（DW），and chicory acid content is 0.69% （DW）．The average number of leaves per plant is 43.5，and the yield of first flush fresh leaves is about 19.5 t ·hm^-2．It is suitable for planting in the Cangzhou area of Hebei Province and similar ecological regions．