Abstract：In 2024，the general market prices of vegetables predominantly adhered to the typical pattern of annual seasonal fluctuations．Nevertheless，during the summer-autumn periods，the prices tended to operate at relatively elevated levels．Owing to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions and their sustained eff ects，it is anticipated that the upward trajectory of vegetable prices in the current winter and the forthcoming spring will be less steep compared to previous years，with a potentially longer duration of the price-increasing cycle．Taking into account the fact that the overall vegetable prices were on the higher side in 2024 and the acreage under cultivation has increased year-on-year，it is projected that the overall supply of vegetables in the spring of 2025 will be ensured．

Abstract：Through a survey of the development scale and technological level of the vegetable seedling industry in Hunan，the main problems faced by the seedling industry were systematically analyzed，such as low equipment matching rate，weak environmental control ability，lack of seedling standard specifications and technical personnel，and high operating costs．It was proposed to optimize the conditions of seedling facilities，improve the introduction of advanced seedling equipment and technology，cultivate professional talents，strengthen cooperation between enterprises and scientifi c research institutions，enhance scientific and technological support，improve the seedling system，and formulate seedling related technical standards to ensure the continuous and stable supply of high-quality seedlings in main commodity vegetable bases，and help promote the high-quality development of vegetable industry in Hunan．

Abstract：Germplasm resources are the‘ chip’ of vegetable breeding innovation，and also an important material foundation for promoting the sustainable development of the vegetable industry． Through the third national survey and collection of crop germplasm resources，total 2 091 vegetable resources，covering 39 families，91 genera，and 126 species or varieties have been received and salvaged in Fujian．In recent years， Fujian Province has fully explored and utilized these diverse germplasm resources and genetic information from multiple aspects such as horticultural trait identifi cation，phylogenetic analysis，disease resistance，and quality determination，basically achieving the goals of selecting high-quality vegetable varieties，improving disease resistance，and adapting to new environments，promoting the continuous development of the vegetable industry in Fujian Province．It is recommended to make full use of modern information methods to conduct preliminary investigations and evaluations of resources，strengthen the management and traceability of germplasm resource banks，encourage the exploration of cutting-edge storage and preservation technologies， fully leverage the advantages of Fujian’s cooperation with Taiwan，and improve the exchange and sharing mechanism of germplasm resources between Fujian and Taiwan．

Abstract：Tomato molecular breeding is a breeding strategy that uses molecular assisted selection to accelerate the breeding process and improve breeding efficiency．Genetic population is the foundation for studying the genetic basis of important traits and mining important genetic loci in tomatoes．It is used for genetic map construction，QTL mapping，gene cloning，and molecular marker development．At the same time，genetic populations can also be used for the creation of breeding germplasm．The commonly used genetic populations in tomato molecular breeding include F2，RIL，NIL，IL and other populations．This review summarized the characteristics of temporary and permanent genetic populations，and introduced the applications of these genetic populations in map construction，gene localization and identifi cation，and germplasm resource creation to provide reference for the application of genetic populations in tomato molecular breeding．

Abstract：Haploid breeding of carrot can obtain homozygous plants with stable traits in a short time，signifi cantly reducing the breeding period．In recent years，carrot haploid breeding technology has developed rapidly，but its utilization in breeding is somewhat limited by various factors．This paper reviewed the current situation of carrot breeding，haploid breeding methods，existing problems，and prospects，in order to provide a theoretical reference for future research in haploid breeding technology of carrot．

Abstract：Pepper red pigment is currently the largest-selling pure natural edible pigment in the world．Devlopment of high pepper red pigment varieties has become urgent．In this study，through genome-wide association study（GWAS）of capsanthin content of 255 core collections of Capsicum annuum，intervals signifi cantly associated with capsanthin were found on chromosomes 1，2，3，5，6，8，9，10，11，and 12，and a total of 93 genes were identifi ed in the signifi cant association intervals．Based on functional annotation and transcriptional expression data，three candidate genes affecting capsanthin content in pepper fruits were predicted．Through BSA-seq analysis of the F2 population constructed from high-pepper red pigment material Pep-340 and low-pepper red pigment material Pep-276，the intervals associated with the pepper red pigment content of pepper were localized on chromosomes 1，3，5 and 10，in which the localized intervals on chromosomes 3 and 5 were similar to or overlapped with the significantly associated intervals in the GWAS analysis．Using InDel molecular markers in these two intervals，genetic linkage analysis was performed， and the gene regulating the red pigment content of pepper was localized on chromosome 3 at qCC3.1，with a physical location ranging from 22.8 Mb to 25.9 Mb，containing 99 genes．According to the functional annotation and transcriptome analysis，four candidate genes，Capana03g001314，Capana03g001325， Capana03g001334 and Capana03g001387，affecting pepper red pigment content in pepper fruits were predicted．The results laid the foundation for fine mapping of genes regulating the red pigment content of pepper and molecular marker-assisted selection breeding.

Abstract：Δ9-stearyl-ACP desaturase（SAD）is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids．To clarify the characteristics of the SAD gene family in pepper and their expression patterns in different tissues，fruit development，and under low-temperature stress，this study identified members of the pepper SAD gene family based on a whole-genome analysis．The physicochemical properties，phylogenetic relationships，conserved motifs，gene structure，protein structure，cis-acting elements，and expression profi les were also analyzed．The results showed that there are fi ve CaSADs in pepper，all containing the FA_desaturase_2 conserved domain，primarily distributed across four chromosomes．The number of amino acids ranged from 316 to 396，and the number of exons ranged from 2 to 3．Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the pepper SAD gene family can be divided into three groups．Cis-acting element analysis indicated that promoter regions upstream of the CaSADs genes are enriched with plant growth and development response elements．The transcriptome data analysis indicates that CaSAD5 is diff erentially expressed during fruit development stages．Gene expression analysis shows that CaSAD2 to CaSAD5 genes exhibit diff erential expression in the fruit peel and seeds，and they play a role in low-temperature stress response．These finding sprovide a theoretical foundation for the functional development of CaSADs genes and cold-resistant breeding．

Abstract：China is not only the main cultivation of cauliflower，but also an important producer of cauliflower seeds in the world．The cultivated and produced cauliflower seeds are not only planted on a large scale in China，but also exported to overseas markets．In order to ensure the authenticity and seed purity of loose-curd cauliflower varieties‘Zhenongsonghua 50 day’and‘Zhenongsonghua 88 day’，we re-sequenced 23 Brassica oleracea species，and the KASP primers were designed by selecting parent-specific SNPs to identify the hybrid varieties and their parents by genotyping．The results showed that the developed KASP markers could accurately identify the purity of the two hybrids，using 2 paternity specific primers and 1 maternal specifi c primers by genotyping，with an accuracy of 100%．

Abstract：Mustard（Brassica juncea），a Brassica vegetable in Cruciferae family，is widely cultivated worldwide and serves as important vegetable and oil crop．However，it has poor resistance to clubroot disease．Clubroot is a soil-borne disease caused by the infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.，which seriously affects Cruciferae crops．Currently，clubroot resistant resources were found in Brassica rapa． Taking three diff erent types of mustard materials which were used as female parents and three Chinese cabbage materials with different clubroot resistance（CR）genes which were used as male parents were crossed to conduct hybridization F1．Molecular marker linked to CR genes were used to identifi ed hybrid individuals． Ploidy determination and pollen viability assessment were performed on the hybrids to confi rm their status as true triploid hybrids and their fertility．The results showed that the cross-compatibility index of combinations by using 2018 as female parent were signifi cantly higher than that combinations by using 2029 and 2051 as female parents．Meanwhile，the cross-compatibility index has no significant differences among different Chinese cabbage as male parents．Among the F1 hybrid combinations，2018 × B，2018 × C，2018 × D，and 2051 × D were found to possess the clubroot resistance gene from their respective Brassica rapa male parents．The DNA relative contents of these four combinations were 19 930.26，which is near the average of DNA relative contents of Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea，confirming their status as true triploid hybrids．Both 2018 × B and 2018 × C combinations exhibited fertility，although their pollen vitality was signifi cantly lower than that of their parental lines．These hybrids can serve as intermediate materials for clubroot resistance breeding of Brassica juncea．

Abstract：In 2023，during a disease investigation in Turpan，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，it
was found that zucchini plants showed virus disease symptoms such as curled，twisted，and faded leaves．In
order to study what kind of virus infested zucchini in Turpan，Xinjiang，the DNA sample was detected by PCR
using 4 pairs of Geminiviridae specifi c primers and 10 pairs of RNA virus specifi c primers．The target products
were sequenced．The sequences were submitted to the NCBI database and clustered by BLAST comparison．
The results showed that the the specifi c primers of SLCCNV amplifi ed the target products of 742 bp and 539 bp
respectively．The BLAST comparison showed that the virus isolates in Xinjiang and other SLCCNV isolates clustered on the same branch with a closer evolutionary relationship，but the SLCCNV isolates had a farther
evolutionary relationship with other virus isolates．These indicated that the zucchini in Turpan，Xinjiang Uygur
Autonomous Region has been infected by SLCCNV．

Abstract：To study the eff ect of glutathione-S-transferases StGST gene action against Rhizoctonia solani in potato induced by sodium silicate，the virus-free tissue culture seedlings of potato cultivar‘ Atlantic’ were used，based on transcriptome data of potato induced resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by sodium silicate， the highly expressed StGST gene was cloned by using RT-PCR and its bioinformatics were analysised．The expression of StGST gene were analyzed that was in different potato tissues，and in potato plants which induced with sodium silicate and inoculated Rhizoctonia solani by qRT-PCR．The results showed that the CDS sequence of StGST gene was 666 bp in length，and encoded 221 amino acids．The StGST gene belonged to the Tau gene family，was a hydrophobic stable protein，did not have a transmembrane region or signal peptide domain，had 16 phosphorylation modification sites，and subcellular localization predicted the gene mainly located on the cytoplasm and nucleus. StGST protein sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed high homology with other plant GST Through analysis of the promoter，it was found that it has cis regulatory elements related to resistance stress response and cis regulatory elements related to growth，development，and hormone response，participating in defense and stress response．The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of StGST gene was the highest in the leaves of potato，followed by the leaf，and the lowest in the root，indicating signifi cant tissue specifi city．Meanwhile，Rhizoctonia solani can induce the expression of StGST gene．Sodium silicate participated in the metabolism of potatoes，inducing the expression of disease resistant StGST gene，and played an important role in the response of potatoes against Rhizoctonia solani．

Abstract：In order to clarify the quality characteristics of screw pepper，the fl avor quality related indexes（types and contents of capsaicinoids，volatile compounds，etc）and some other quality indexes of smoothskinned pepper‘Sujiao No.9’（S9，as control）and 9 varieties of screw pepper fruits（green ripening stage） were determined，and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using membership function and principal component analysis（PCA）methods．The results showed that the capsaicinoids content of screw pepper varied，with the spiciness level of 7-8．A total of 222 volatile compounds were detected in 10 varieties of pepper，among which screw peppers were 28-62 more than smooth-skinned pepper（S9）and the average content was 55.19% higher．The main aroma types of screw pepper were green，floral and aldehydic，and the aroma-active compounds such as hexanal，（E）-2-Hexenal，octanal and 1-Octen-3-ol might be the key compounds to form the unique flavor of screw pepper．In addition，compared with smooth-skinned pepper S9，the fruit hardness of screw peppers were 36.44%-47.97% lower，and the vitamin C content were 17.09%-
95.47% higher．The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the fruit quality score ranking of screw pepper was higher than that of smooth-skinned pepper（S9）．Overall，screw pepper has the advantages of low hardness，high vitamin C content，rich volatile compounds and intense fl avor，and the fruit quality is better than smooth-skinned pepper．

Abstract：In order to establish a practical quality evaluation system for fresh edible cucumber，this study took 31 cucumber varieties collected from 3 ecological types as test materials，carried out fl avor sensory index evaluation，and combined with nutritional quality index，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis method．The results showed that：among the North China type cucumber varieties，the flavor sensory evaluation of‘Shuyancuiyu’was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.83；among the South China cucumber varieties，‘Tangshan autumn cucumber’ flavor sensory evaluation was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.50；among the European greenhouse cucumber varieties，‘Lvyuanxingfu’flavor had the best sensory evaluation，with a comprehensive score of 30.65．Five principal components were obtained by principal component analysis，covering 77.612% of the original information．The comprehensive scores of 31 cucumber varieties were obtained by establishing a comprehensive quality evaluation model F =0.315F1 + 0.265F2 + 0.163F3 + 0.145F4 + 0.112F5．The South China cucumber variety‘ Tiantianzhai’，the North China cucumber variety‘ Shuyancuiyu’，and the European greenhouse cucumber variety‘ Thumb fruit cucumber’，scored the highest among their respective ecological types，which can be used as diff erent types of fresh cucumber varieties for selection and application．The results of this study provided theoretical basis and technical support for variety selection and quality evaluation of fresh cucumber．

Abstract：In order to identify the differences in primary metabolites and metabolic pathways between organically and conventionally cultivated vegetables，ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）was used to investigate primary metabolites in leaves of cabbage，leaf lettuce and pakchoi，and fruits of chilli and cucumber．The results showed that a total of 296 metabolites in 12 categories were identified from leaves and fruits of organically and conventionally cultivated vegetables．The mainly differential metabolites were include phenolic acids such as isochlorogenic acid A， p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid，p-coumarol，ferulic acid，ferulic acid，3-hydroxy-4-isopropylphenylethanol-3-glucoside，neochlorogenic acid，organic acids such as adenosine 5’-monophosphate and their derivatives，organic acids such as（S）-2-（4-aminobutyryl）-3-（1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl）propanol，
4-acetylaminobutyric acid，as well as amino acids and their derivatives such as N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine．In additio，it was clearly that the diff erential metabolites were signifi cantly enriched by lysine biosynthesis，lysine degradation，fl avonoid biosynthesis，and cysteine and methionine metabolism．And the diff erences in nutritional and sensory quality between organic cultivation and conventional cultivation of vegetable leaves and fruits might due to the result of the combined action of these diff erential metabolites．

Abstract：Leaf nitrogen content is an important indicator to characterize the photosynthetic capacity and nutritional status of crops，and rapid and accurate monitoring of leaf nitrogen content is the basis for precise nutrient management in the fi eld．Unmanned aerial vehicles（UAV）remote sensing has become an effective means of monitoring nitrogen nutritional status due to its advantages of mobility，fl exibility，high efficiency and low cost．In order to explore the best feature parameters and modeling algorithms for UAV multispectral inversion of leaf nitrogen content，this study utilized a quadcopter UAV equipped with a multispectral sensor to collect seven fi eld multispectral images during potato tuber formation and tuber expansion in 2022—2023，and constructed an inversion model of potato leaf nitrogen content by using spectral information，texture features， and spectral information + texture features，respectively，and further weather data were added to analyze its effect on model accuracy．The results showed that the random forest algorithm was the best algorithm for leaf nitrogen content inversion，and the integration of meteorological data，spectral vegetation index and texture features could signifi cantly improve the accuracy of potato leaf nitrogen content inversion compared with the use of single-feature modeling，and the R2 of the model reached 0.75，and the RMSE was 0.29%．The Boruta algorithm used in the feature selection process of this study has unique advantages．The study also clarifi ed the best modeling method and modeling indicators for inverting the nitrogen content of potato leaves of early and late maturing varieties．

Abstract：In order to shorten the cultivation time of root-pruning watermelon grafting seedlings，the feasibility of root-pruning watermelon grafting seedlings transplanted in cylindrical paper pot was explored. In this experiment，the watermelon cv‘ Zaojia 84-24’ was used as the scion，the pumpkin cv‘ Zhenzhuang’ used as the rootstock. The root-pruning one-cotyledon splice grafting method was used at grafting. And then， the watermelon grafted seedlings respectively transplanted in cylindrical paper pot and common plug trays. The watermelon grafting seedling transplanted into cylindrical paper pot had obvious growth advantages. Compared with common plug trays seedlings，the degree of the petiole length，leaf area，shoot dry weight and shoot fresh weight of cylindrical paper pot seedlings were signifi cantly increased. The rhizosphere substrate retention rate and the rhizosphere substrate retention degree of cylindrical paper pot seedling were signifi cantly reduced. The rhizosphere substrate retention rate of cylindrical paper pot seedling at 13 days after grafting was only 20%， while the rhizosphere substrate retention rate of common plug trays seedlings at 19 days after grafting was stillup to 50%. The degree of Pn，Co，Ci and Tr of cylindrical paper pot seedling leaves were also signifi cantly
increased. The relative growth rate of plant height，stem diameter and shoot dry weight of common plug trays seedlings，which transplanted age was 19 days after grafting，were the largest. The plant height relative growth rate of transplanted cylindrical paper pot seedling，which transplanted age was 19 days after grafting，was the largest. The relative growth rate of stem diameter and shoot dry weight of transplanted cylindrical paper pot seedling，which transplanted age was 13 days after grafting，were the largest. In conclusion，using the cylindrical paper pot to produce root-pruning watermelon grafting seedlings can promote the growth and improve the photosynthetic ability. The optimal transplanting age of the cylindrical paper pot seedling was younger than common plug seedlings，expected to be widely used in the grafting of watermelon root．

Abstract：Using‘Moxige No.2’as the test material，diff erent planting patterns were set up：spreading（S），equal row spacing（T），wide and narrow row spacing（TR）；under the wide and narrow row spacing pattern，diff erent drip irrigation belt confi gurations：1 tube drip irrigation 3 rows（TR3），1 tube drip irrigation 4 rows（TR4），1 tube drip irrigation 5 rows（TR5）were set up to study the effects of different planting patterns and drip irrigation belt confi gurations on the growth，yield and water use effi ciency of spinach．The results showed that the yield of spinach in the wide and narrow row spacing and equal row spacing treatments were signifi cantly higher than those of the spreading treatment，and the water use effi ciency was also higher than that of the spreading treatment．The single plant leaf area，single plant dry weight，yield and water use efficiency of spinach at maturity were the highest in the wide and narrow row spacing with 1 tube drip irrigation  3 rows，and the quality indexes were signifi cantly higher than those of other treatments．

Abstract：Meloidogyne enterolobii is a soil-borne disease that poses a significant threat to solanaceae vegetables．Grafting with resistant rootstocks is an economically effective method to prevent and control this disease．In order to explore the potential of existing solanaceae rootstock cultivars，M. enterolobii was inoculated to ten rootstock cultivars of Lycopersicon，Capsicum and Solanum，seperately．Sixty days later，disease resistance of each cultivar was evaluated using gall index（GI），egg mass index（EI），disease index（DI），and reproductive factors（RF）．Based on the DI value，a total of five highly resistant，four moderately resistant，seven resistant，thirteen moderately susceptible and one highly susceptible cultivars were identified．Based on the RF value，only two resistant cultivars were identified，which were‘ Tuolubamu’ and‘ Moxi’．The rest of the 28 cultivars were susceptible to M. enterolobii．According to the ranking based on the comprehensive membership function values，it was found that the resistance of Solanum rootstock was signifi cantly higher than that of Lycopersicon and Capsicum rootstocks．‘Tuolubamu’ was the rootstock cultivar with the highest comprehensive resistance to M. enterolobii．

Abstract：‘Yunbaojie No.1’is a new mustard variety developed by crossing self-pollinated pure line‘2006530629018’of the Yunnan local variety‘Dabianganjiecai’as female parent and‘QC2008019’of Taiwan Province introduced variety‘Baoxinjiecai’as male parent，then adopting the combination of the mass selection method and the pedigree method after hybridization．It is of early-maturing，with a growth period of 68-90 days．The plant type ranges from spreading to semi-erect，with the plant height of 40-55 cm and the spread of 45-60 cm．The leaves are flat orbicular，flat and light green，with slightly pucker，no prickles，entire leaf margins．The petioles are fl at-moon-shaped，white green in color，thick and broad midribs．The leaf heads are fl at-round，light green in color．The single plant weight is about 1.6 kg，and the yield is 112.5-142.5 t · hm-2．In the fi eld，its resistance to virus，downy mildew，and white rust is stronger than that of the contrast‘Yongbaojie No.2’．It is suitable for cultivation in Yunnan region，such as Dali，Wenshan，Qujing，Zhaotong．

Abstract：‘Huangti No.1’is a new yellow-flesh small-fruit watermelon F₁ hybrid，which developed by crossing inbred line‘Tianyi 2054’as female parent and‘Huangti 1804’as male parent．The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor．It is of early-maturing，with total growth period of about 107 days and fruit development period of about 35 days in spring facility cultivation．The fruit shape is nearly round，with light green rind and sharp-toothed stripes．The flesh color is light yellow，tender and juicy taste，with central soluble solids content of 12.1% and edge soluble solids content of 8.5%．The single fruit weight is about 3.2 kg， and the yield is about 45 t · hm-2．It is resistance to Fusarium wilt，and moderate resistance to anthracnose．It is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang，Shanghai，Jiangsu under spring greenhouse conditions．

Abstract：‘Ganshu No.10’is a new edible purple sweet potato variety，bred through open pollination
and natural hybridization using‘Sushu No.16’as female parent，‘Ganshu No.1’‘Xuzishu No.3’‘Yuzi No.7’‘Nonglin 47’‘Quanshu No.9’‘Xushu 27’‘Yanshu No.5’‘Zheshu 13’‘Ganshu 7-10’‘Ganshu 10-20’‘Wanshu 0616-6’and‘Yu 6-9-17’as male parent group．The storage root shape is spindle-shaped， with purple-red skin and light purple fl esh，and anthocyanin content is 235.20 mg · kg-1（FW）．There are 4-5 Tubers per plant，and the average single tuber weight is 145.0 g．Its large and medium-sized tuber rate is about 80%．The dry matter content is 30.80%．Its fresh root yield is about 30 t · hm-2 and that of dried root is 9.45 t · hm-2．It is resistant to black spot disease，and moderately resistant to stem nematode disease．It is suitable for planting in spring and summer sweet potato production areas of Jiangxi，Hunan，Hubei，Anhui，Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces．

Abstract：‘Qingyu No.8’is a new breed of processed Jerusalem artichoke，which was systematically selected and bred from Henan Province excellent farm species．The plant height was 165.0-204.8 cm，the stem diameter was 1.9-3.1 cm，the number of branches was 15-29，and the average number of leaves per plant was 445．The tuber is tuberous with white skin and white fl esh，smooth surface，few fi brous roots，and concentrated distribution．The average number of tubers per plant was 115，and the fresh weight per plant was 2.1 kg．The water content was 82.50%，soluble sugar content was 66.25 g · kg-1，crude fi ber content was 3.36 g · kg-1．It is of late maturing，with whole growth period is about 195 days．The cultivated yield of river land is about 84 t · hm-2．It is suitable for river land planting in Qinghai Province.

In the context of building a trade power,this paper integrates multi-platform data such as the National Bureau of Statistics,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,and China Customs．Based on the current situation of import and export trade,this paper explores the main factors influencing China's international vegetable trade from the aspects of emergencies,export tariffs,green barriers and extreme weather．Policy suggestions for expanding export trade are put forward from four aspects,namely,the optimization of vegetable varieties,the construction and layout of export bases,breakthroughs and innovations in technological bottlenecks,and the overall planning of both domestic and international markets as well as two kinds of resources.

Due to causes as short shelf life,prefering fresh food,large market with small farmers,and nationwide distribution,the fresh vegetable supply in China still encounters problems as price fluctuations occur frequently,low profit proportion for growers,and unstable industry．The maturity and generalization of artificial intelligence provide opportunity for decision-making mode improvement in the vege distribution．With AI technology,multi modal data such as audio,video,and surveillance may be adopted as fundamentally different decision-making model for vegetable distribution．Then the level of vegetable industry could be significantly improved．

Zizania latifolia is a characteristic aquatic vegetable in China,which has rich nutritional value and good planting benefit．In recent years,with the improvement of people's living standards and the change of consumption concepts,the consumption demand for Zizania latifolia is increasing,and the development of Zizania latifolia industry has been emphasized．In order to understand the current situation of the development of China's Zizania latifolia industry,help the high quality development of Zizania latifolia industry,through field research,elaboration of the current situation of the development of China's Zizania latifolia industry,analysis of Zizania latifolia cost-benefit situation,found that Zizania latifolia industry has a high degree of market concentration,consumption of regional strong,the degree of organization and other characteristics．The future development trend of Zizania latifolia industry to make judgments：first,the overall production scale of the industry is expanding;second,the industry is showing the trend of greening products and high-quality products;third,there is an urgent need for industrial mechanization and intelligent technology.

Fresh maize is favored by the market because of its good edible quality and nutritional value．This article collected data on fresh maize varieties approved by the Sichuan Provincial Crop Variety Certification Committee from 2014 to 2023,systematically reviewed and analyzed their basic information and characteristics,and summarized the development trend of fresh maize varieties in Sichuan Province．The results showed that a total of 95 fresh maize varieties were approved in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023,and the dominant position of scientific research units in Sichuan was highlighted．The development of variety approval quantity was slow in the early stage,but it has rapidly increased since 2020,and sweet-waxy maize has gradually become the mainstream approval type．The kernel color of sweet maize is mainly yellow,and the color of waxy maize and sweet-waxy maize is mainly white．The growth period of the approved varieties was mostly 85-90 days,and the yield and quality were improved compared with the control,but there was a large room for improvement．However,there is a shortage of varieties with high resistance to major maize diseases．This paper also discussed the problems existing in the certification of fresh maize varieties,and put forward some suggestions from accelerating the cultivation of diversified varieties,strengthening the comprehensive resistance of varieties and optimizing the certification standards．

The target of tomato breeding has gradually shifted from the improvement of yield,resistance and other traits to the improvement of quality．Soluble solids（mainly including soluble sugars and organic acids）are the main factors that determine the quality of tomato,and also the main target of tomato quality breeding．In this paper,the composition of tomato soluble solids,the progress of the QTL and gene mapping related to tomato soluble solids content,and genetic improvement are reviewed,to provide theoretical guidance for the genetic improvement of tomato soluble solids．

Sulforaphane（SF）is a class of secondary metabolites with higher biological activity formed by hydrolysis of the aliphatic glucosinolate component-glucoraphanin catalyzed by myrosinases,which is mainly distributed in cruciferous vegetable crops．SF has anti-cancer,anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,detoxification,cardiovascular and diabetes prevention and other multiple effects,and has considerable utilization value in the development of functional foods and health care products．In recent years,researchers have carried out a series of work on the breeding and efficient production of high-content SF,and the cultivation measures that effectively use exogenous regulatory methods to mediate the synthesis of SF are commonly used strategies．In this paper,the structure,physicochemical properties and synthesis pathways of SF were reviewed,and the mechanism of mediation of SF synthesis by different regulatory modes（such as environmental factors,plant hormones,exogenous regulatory substances）was discussed．Finally,the existing problems and future research directions are proposed,aiming to provide some valuable references for the high-quality cultivation of high-content SF cruciferous vegetables cultivars．

The WIP transcription factor family belongs to the A1d subgroup of C2H2 zinc finger protein．At present,CsWIP1 is involved in sex determination in cucumber,but the function of WIP gene in cucumber growth and development is still unknown．This study identified 40 members of the WIP gene family in cucumber,melon,watermelon,wax gourd,bottle gourd,and zucchini．Using online websites to analyze the physicochemical properties of the WIP proteins in the Cucurbitaceae family,and conducting chromosomal localization,gene structure,and other analyses through bioinformatics．The analysis of the cis acting elements of cucumber WIP genes indicates that the WIP family genes have cis acting elements such as spatial expression,plant hormones,and photoresponse elements．Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis of different tissues in cucumber revealed that CsaV3_1G014730 and CsaV3_4G031370 may play important roles in the shoot apex of cucumber;CsaV3_4G024150（CsWIP1）,CsaV3_3G039140,CsaV3_7G031140,and CsaV3_5G023030 may be involved in the growth and development of female and male flowers,transmitting tract,and male gametes,suggesting that WIP gene may play an important role in the development of transport channel and regulation of leaf vein pattern in cucumber．

Inflorescence-branching structure determines the number and size of tomato fruit,which is an important component of tomato yield and a main objective in tomato breeding．To identify and clone the key regulatory genes involved in inflorescence branching,‘ST198'with complex inflorescence branching and‘ST211'with simple inflorescence branching were selected as parental lines to generate an F₂ mapping population．Five major quantitative trait locis（QTLs）regulating inflorescence branching were identified using BSA-seq．Analysis and validation of the major QTL,qIB12.2,revealed that J2 was the key gene regulating inflorescence branching．J2 was found to exhibit an epistatic effect on another major QTL,qIB12.4．What's more,qIB12.4 was finely mapped to the 446.7 kb region,and closely linked molecular markers were developed．Our findings provide insights into the genetic regulatory network underlying tomato inflorescence development and have important application value for precise molecular breeding of tomato．

Chili peppers are vegetables rich in nutrients such as vitamin C,etc．According to their utilization,they are mainly divided into processed and fresh-eating types．To investigate the differences in fruit quality components between the two types of chili peppers at different developmental stages,this study used high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）technology to identify and quantify the quality components of vitamin C,capsaicin,and 17 amino acids in the fruits of the processed chili pepper‘P025'and the fresh chili pepper‘P245'during the green and red ripening fruits,and conducted statistical analysis．Our study found that the vitamin C contents of the two types of chili fruits during the green ripening period were close,with no significant difference,while during the red ripening period,the vitamin C content of the fresh type‘P245'fruit significantly increased,but the vitamin C content of the processed type chili pepper‘P025'fruit did not show significant changes．Results found that the content of capsaicin in the fresh‘P245'fruit during the green ripening period was significantly higher than that in the processed chili pepper‘P025',while in the red ripening period,the content of capsaicin in the fresh‘P245'fruit significantly decreased,only 11.98% of its green ripening period,while the content of capsaicin in the processed chili pepper‘P025'fruit did not show significant changes．Our research found that methionine and cysteine had the lowest contents among the 17 amino acids in chili peppers,and their combined proportion was significantly lower than the amino acid pattern spectrum standard,making them the first limiting amino acids for the two types of chili peppers．In addition,the proportion of valine and isoleucine were slightly lower than the amino acid pattern standard．As the fruits ripened,the contents of 17 amino acids in the fresh chili pepper‘P245'fruit showed an upward trend,and the total amino acid content in the red ripe fruit was 57.53% higher than that in the green ripe fruit．The processed chili pepper‘P025'fruit showed a downward trend in amino acid content except for cysteine,with the total amino acid content of its red ripe fruit decreasing by 41.21% compared to the green ripe fruit．These results revealed significant differences in the quality components of the processed type chili pepper‘P025' and fresh chili pepper‘P245' at different fruit developmental stages．

The metabolites in asparagus with different gender and color were determined and analyzed by extensive targeted metabolomics based on Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with‘Lulusun No. 7'as the material．The results showed that samples of GAF,GAM and WA were distinguished by PCA and OPLS-DA analysis．A total of 926 metabolites identified by detection were classified into 12 categories,among which flavonoids and phenolic acids were the most abundant,accounting for 35.6% of the total number of metabolites．Differential metabolites were screened and analyzed. It was found that contents of steroids in GAM were higher than that in GAF,and the contents of 31 out of 39 identified steroid metabolites were increased．The contents of steroidal saponins in GAM and GAF were lower than those in WA,and the number of down-regulated steroids accounted for about 84.6% of the total steroids．The contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids were higher than those in white asparagus,and the number of up-regulated accounted for about 62.4% and 45.5% of the total,respectively．Functional annotation and cluster analysis were carried out on the different metabolites in different gender and color asparagus,and 4 and 7 kinds of metabolites with larger difference multiple were found respectively．Diosgenin belonging to the steroid class was the unique differential metabolite of female and male asparagus．Coniferin,quercetin,3-phospho-D-glyceric acid,1-O-sinapyl-D-glucose and guanidinoacetate were unique differential metabolites of green and white asparagus．The results provide a theoretical basis for breeding,quality analysis and exploration of health functions in asparagus．

Drought and improper nitrogen fertilizer application are significant issues affecting the green and high-quality development of the potato industry．Using the varieties‘Favorita'and‘Zhongshu No.18',we conducted a pot experiment under rain shelters to analyze the effects of different water and nitrogen management strategies on photosynthesis,nitrogen metabolism enzymes,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield,and water and nitrogen use efficiency in potatoes．The results show that all photosynthetic indicators,whole-plant dry matter,yield,and water and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly influenced by water,nitrogen,and their interaction．The impact of nitrogen application rate was greater on‘Zhongshu No.18'than on ‘Favorita'．Photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and water use efficiency initially increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application rate,while nitrogen use efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen application rate．Except for water use efficiency,all other indicators increased with increasing water levels．Whole-plant dry matter increased with higher water and nitrogen levels,but dry matter allocation to tubers increased with higher water levels and decreased with higher nitrogen levels．Nitrate reductase（NR）and glutamine synthetase（GS）activities were significantly affected by water and nitrogen,respectively,with NR activity being higher at moderate water levels and GS activity being higher at high nitrogen levels．Dry matter accumulation,net photosynthetic rate,number of tubers,and yield per plant showed extremely significant positive correlations in both varieties．Through equation fitting,the optimal nitrogen application rates for maximum yield under low,medium,and high water levels for‘Favorita'and‘Zhongshu No.18'were determined to be 7.55,9.95,and 11.66 g per plant and 8.67,10.09,and 12.83 g per plant,respectively．These findings provide a theoretical basis for efficient nitrogen management in different irrigation zones for potato cultivation．

To screen the germplasm resources and determine the evaluation indexes and methods for low temperature fruiting tolerance,30 excellent tomato varieties at home and abroad were used as materials,and nine important traits were investigated and analysed during the flowering and fruiting period of tomato in the summer and autumn tomato crops,winter and spring tomato crops,respectively．The optimal regression equation and evaluation indexes for low temperature fruiting tolerance in tomato was established using multivariate statistical analysis．The results of correlation analysis showed that there were different degrees of correlation between different traits．Four principal components were extracted from the principal component analysis,and their cumulative contribution was 82.739%．The composite evaluation values（D）of the 30 tomato varieties ranged from 0.207 to 0.850,with QT-102 having the highest D value and QT-39 having the lowest D value．Cluster analysis classified the 30 tomato varieties into three groups：strong cold-tolerant,more cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive．Stepwise regression analysis established the optimal equation for predicting low-temperature fruiting tolerance in tomato：D = 0.026α₁ - 0.095α₂ + 0.049α₃ + 0.101α₅ + 0.246α₆ + 0.167α₈ + 0.147α₉ + 0.042,and the screened indicators were：mass weight of a single fruit,number of ventricles,fruit shape index,number of flowers in a single inflorescence,number of fruits in a single inflorescence,deformed fruit composite index,and the average grade of deformed fruits．The D value of the validated equation is highly significant and positively correlated with the regression value,and the coefficients of the seven indicators are linearly correlated with the D value to varying degrees．The results provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of tomato varieties with low temperature fruiting tolerance．

In this study,we meticulously evaluated the related agronomic characters of 47 garlic germplasm resources,screening the excellent germplasm of single clove garlic,and the bulb growth and development process of typical germplasm was observed by phenotype and cytology．The results showed that among 47 garlic germplasms,the comprehensive analysis of agronomic characters of ‘Wenjianghongqixing' is the best,and the single clove garlic rate was much higher than other germplasm,which is the best germplasm for producing single clove garlic．The correlation analysis of main yield characters and agronomic characters showed that the single clove garlic rate was positively correlated with the transverse diameter of garlic bulb,and negatively correlated with the number of leaves per plant,plant height,pseudostem height,pseudostem diameter,leaf length and leaf width,which could be used as an auxiliary index for screening excellent germplasm of single clove garlic．By observing the growth and development phenotype of underground bulb of ‘Wenjianghongqixing'it was found that the growth and development of single clove garlic was divided into dormancy,germination,seedling,scale bud differentiation and bulb expansion．In the seedling stage,the diameter,girth and weight of bulb were the smallest,and the plant grew faster after entering the scale bud differentiation stage．Anatomical observation of its bulb showed that many small scale buds were formed in the bulb disc during the scale bud differentiation stage,but only one scale bud expanded to form a single clove of garlic．The results of this study will provide material and technical support for the breeding and production of single clove garlic.

In order to clarify the pathogenicity differentiation of Verticillium dahliae in eggplant of Jilin Province and screen for disease-resistant materials．Two materials with different resistance were selected as identification hosts．The pathogenicity differentiation of 45 strains of V. dahliae isolated from Jilin Province was studied using the root-dip method,and based on this,the resistance of 43 materials to V. dahliae was evaluated．The results showed significant differences in pathogenicity among different strains,which could be divided into three types．The Ⅰ type had strong pathogenicity,with an average disease index greater than 70,accounting for 31.11% of the tested strains．The Ⅱ type had moderate pathogenicity,with an average disease index between 30-70,accounting for 62.22% of the tested strains．The Ⅲ type had weak pathogenicity,with an average disease index lower than 30,accounting for 6.67% of the tested strains．Analysis of the correlation between pathogenicity,culture characteristics,growth rate,and pathogenic type revealed a weak correlation．Among the 43 materials,2 disease-resistant materials were screened,accounting for 4.65% of the screened materials,6 materials with medium resistance,accounting for 13.95%,14 materials were tolerant,accounting for 32.56%,while 21 materials were classified as moderately susceptible or susceptible,accounting for 48.84%．These results provide important resistant germplasm for breeding eggplants resistant to Verticillium wilt．

Sclerotinina disease is a devastating fungal disease with worldwide distribution known to affect many commercial crops．In this study,vegetables with typical symptoms of Sclerotinina were collected from Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province to obtain the pathogen by tissue isolation．The pathogenic fungus was identified based on the morphologies and molecular biological analysis,and then the pathogenicity was tested sensitivity to pydiflumetofen was determined by mycelial growth rate test．The results showed that 62 Sclerotinia,isolates were obtained from diseased leaf lettuce and stem lettuce,and combined with ITS and laccase 2 gene sequence analysis,6 isolates were classified into Sclerotinia minor,other 56 isolates were S. sclerotiorum．On PDA medium,the mycelial growth rate of S. minor was significantly lower than that of S. sclerotiorum,but the time of sclerotiorum production of S. minor was earlier,and the number of sclerotiorum of S. minor was higher．The virulence of Sclerotinia isolates on different vegetables were confirmed,the isolates caused the typical watery and brown lesions,and form white mycelia and sclerotiorum on infected tissues at the later stage．Sclerotiorum in Asteraceae vegetables caused by S. minor was first reported in China,and comparing the lesion diameter caused by S. minor and S. sclerotiorum,the greater virulence of S. sclerotiorum was observed on all tested hosts．Pydiflumetofen sensitivity of Sclerotinia isolates was determined by the 50% effective concentration value,the results showed that 83.9% of the assayed isolates having an EC₅₀ of less than 0.01 μg · mL^-1．Our results suggested that pydiflumetofen and its mixtures could be selected for controlling Sclerotinina on Asteraceae vegetables．