Abstract：In order to clarify the quality characteristics of screw pepper，the fl avor quality related indexes（types and contents of capsaicinoids，volatile compounds，etc）and some other quality indexes of smoothskinned pepper‘Sujiao No.9’（S9，as control）and 9 varieties of screw pepper fruits（green ripening stage） were determined，and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using membership function and principal component analysis（PCA）methods．The results showed that the capsaicinoids content of screw pepper varied，with the spiciness level of 7-8．A total of 222 volatile compounds were detected in 10 varieties of pepper，among which screw peppers were 28-62 more than smooth-skinned pepper（S9）and the average content was 55.19% higher．The main aroma types of screw pepper were green，floral and aldehydic，and the aroma-active compounds such as hexanal，（E）-2-Hexenal，octanal and 1-Octen-3-ol might be the key compounds to form the unique flavor of screw pepper．In addition，compared with smooth-skinned pepper S9，the fruit hardness of screw peppers were 36.44%-47.97% lower，and the vitamin C content were 17.09%-
95.47% higher．The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the fruit quality score ranking of screw pepper was higher than that of smooth-skinned pepper（S9）．Overall，screw pepper has the advantages of low hardness，high vitamin C content，rich volatile compounds and intense fl avor，and the fruit quality is better than smooth-skinned pepper．

Abstract：In 2024，the general market prices of vegetables predominantly adhered to the typical pattern of annual seasonal fluctuations．Nevertheless，during the summer-autumn periods，the prices tended to operate at relatively elevated levels．Owing to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions and their sustained eff ects，it is anticipated that the upward trajectory of vegetable prices in the current winter and the forthcoming spring will be less steep compared to previous years，with a potentially longer duration of the price-increasing cycle．Taking into account the fact that the overall vegetable prices were on the higher side in 2024 and the acreage under cultivation has increased year-on-year，it is projected that the overall supply of vegetables in the spring of 2025 will be ensured．

Abstract：In order to establish a practical quality evaluation system for fresh edible cucumber，this study took 31 cucumber varieties collected from 3 ecological types as test materials，carried out fl avor sensory index evaluation，and combined with nutritional quality index，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis method．The results showed that：among the North China type cucumber varieties，the flavor sensory evaluation of‘Shuyancuiyu’was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.83；among the South China cucumber varieties，‘Tangshan autumn cucumber’ flavor sensory evaluation was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.50；among the European greenhouse cucumber varieties，‘Lvyuanxingfu’flavor had the best sensory evaluation，with a comprehensive score of 30.65．Five principal components were obtained by principal component analysis，covering 77.612% of the original information．The comprehensive scores of 31 cucumber varieties were obtained by establishing a comprehensive quality evaluation model F =0.315F1 + 0.265F2 + 0.163F3 + 0.145F4 + 0.112F5．The South China cucumber variety‘ Tiantianzhai’，the North China cucumber variety‘ Shuyancuiyu’，and the European greenhouse cucumber variety‘ Thumb fruit cucumber’，scored the highest among their respective ecological types，which can be used as diff erent types of fresh cucumber varieties for selection and application．The results of this study provided theoretical basis and technical support for variety selection and quality evaluation of fresh cucumber．

The overall market situation for potatoes in China in 2024 is sluggish,with the monthly wholesale average price of potatoes consistently lower than the same period in 2023.The annual price of potatoes in 2024 is in the low position of the past decade.It is expected that the potato market price will remain lower than the same period in 2024 in the early part of 2025,and the potato market price will increase year-on-year in the later part.At present,the potato industry in China still faces problems such as increasingly serious soil borne diseases,weak international competitiveness of potato starch,and urgent need to improve order fulfillment rates．It is recommended that all regions strengthen the prevention and control of soil borne diseases,support the development of potato processing industry,improve the mechanism of interest linkage between enterprises and farmers,and promote the high-quality development of China’s potato industry．

‘Baibeibei’is an early-maturing mini pumpkin F₁ hybrid by crossing inbred line ‘P3012’ as female parent and ‘P3072’ as male parent．The fruit development period is about 40 days，and the whole growth period is about 95 days in spring and 90 days in autumn．The plant exhibits strong growth potential，with dark green leaves and distinctive white silver spots near the leaf veins．The main vine produces an average of 5 to 6 fruits per plant．The fruit is of oblate，with average transverse diameter of 9.0 cm and longitudinal diameter of 6.4 cm．It features a medium-sized umbilicus，1.5 cm thick flesh and aver age single fruit weight of 250.0 g．The peel is white with shallow furrows．The flesh is milky yellow，powdery，glutinous and sweet taste．It is goo d quality，with the total sugar content is 7.5%，and the soluble solid content is 16.8%．It has good storage ability，and stronger resistance to downy mildew and gray mold t o the contrast ‘Jugua ’in fields．The yield is about 24 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for spring and autumn protected cultivation in most areas of China．

Abstract：‘Huangti No.1’is a new yellow-flesh small-fruit watermelon F₁ hybrid，which developed by crossing inbred line‘Tianyi 2054’as female parent and‘Huangti 1804’as male parent．The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor．It is of early-maturing，with total growth period of about 107 days and fruit development period of about 35 days in spring facility cultivation．The fruit shape is nearly round，with light green rind and sharp-toothed stripes．The flesh color is light yellow，tender and juicy taste，with central soluble solids content of 12.1% and edge soluble solids content of 8.5%．The single fruit weight is about 3.2 kg， and the yield is about 45 t · hm-2．It is resistance to Fusarium wilt，and moderate resistance to anthracnose．It is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang，Shanghai，Jiangsu under spring greenhouse conditions．

In the context of building a trade power,this paper integrates multi-platform data such as the National Bureau of Statistics,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,and China Customs．Based on the current situation of import and export trade,this paper explores the main factors influencing China's international vegetable trade from the aspects of emergencies,export tariffs,green barriers and extreme weather．Policy suggestions for expanding export trade are put forward from four aspects,namely,the optimization of vegetable varieties,the construction and layout of export bases,breakthroughs and innovations in technological bottlenecks,and the overall planning of both domestic and international markets as well as two kinds of resources.

In recent years，China’s tomato industry has shown rapid development，and occupies an important position in the vegetable industry． Based on the data of 2017—2023，this paper comprehensively analyzes the development status and cost benefi ts of the tomato industry． From the perspective of the current development status，China’s tomato industry has realized annualized supply and formed six major tomato planting advantageous regions． From the point of cost-benefi t，the total cost and net profi t of tomato in China showed an upward trend from 2017 to 2023，and the cost profi t margin was in a fl uctuating state． However， the rising cost pressure and the large fl uctuation of the net profi t of facility tomato constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the tomato industry． In view of the above problems，this article proposes three perspectives of quality and efficiency paths for the tomato industry from the perspective of digital wisdom empowerment，mechanism soundness，and seed industry innovation：develop wisdom production，optimize the cost structure；build a whole chain synergistic mechanism to reduce the total cost；and promote scientifi c and technological innovation in the tomato seed industry to reduce the cost of planting and production．

Promoting effective management of continuous cropping obstacles in facility vegetables is of great significance for the development of modern facility agriculture and the improvement of sustainable vegetable development. On the basis of studying and clarifying the main obstacles of soil in facility vegetable fields,the author proposes the ‘four precision’ governance path of ‘precise diagnosis,precise policy implementation,precise input,and precise management’ for the continuous cropping obstacles of facility vegetables,as well as the core technology model of ‘control pests,increasing bacteria,increasing carbon and controlling fertilizer’. The application effect is summarized,and policy recommendations are put forward to promote the governance of continuous cropping obstacles of facility vegetables.

老挝西瓜生产起于1990 年代边境傣族过境零星种植，近年来发展迅速。由中国瓜商、瓜农携带中国西瓜品种和种植技术，利用老挝自然资源和劳动力资源开展露地西瓜生产，运回国内销售。由于能够填补国内冬春季淡季需求，品质优良，成本低，利润可观，西瓜迅速发展成为老挝重要的对华出口产品。

In order to fully and accurately grasp the development trend of China’s processed pepper industry and avoid the risks in development，the development situation and new trends of processed pepper industry were analyzed through systematic and continuous fifi eld research and data retrieval ．The results showed that the westward migration of China’s processed pepper industry was a foregone conclusion and the speed was gradually accelerated，which mainly occurred in the north of the 38 north latitude line and west of the Hu Huanyong line ．The westward migration of processed pepper industry is the process of improving international competitiveness and the need of industrial competitiveness development ．It interacts with scientific and technological innovation and brings about industrial transformation and upgrading．In this process，there are risks such as variety selection，natural disasters，market adaptability and supply chain integration．Local governments should strengthen overall planning to avoid the risk of ups and downs；establish a regional cooperation mechanism to strengthen the industrial docking between the east and the west；improve infrastructure construction and enhance the processing capacity of pepper in the west；promote the integration and development of agriculture and tourism，and build the western pepper brand．

Shandong is a dominant vegetable-producing province in China ．By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the operational status of vegetable market in Shandong in 2024，an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of the vegetable industry across key aspects，including production，pricing，supply，and distribution could be established ．The vegetable production in Shandong experienced continued growth in both cultivation scale and output in 2024 ．The wholesale prices of vegetables exhibited a year-on-year increase，maintaining an overall high-price trend throughout the year. Signififi cant price flfl uctuations were observed，with a downward trend in the fifi rst half of the year ．The market prices showed an upturn in July and maintained elevated until October，after which they declined，and only a moderated rise was noticed again in December ．An overall growth of the importation and exportation of vegetable trade occurred，with the optimized export categories and the continual expansion of the international markets ．It is anticipated that vegetable prices in Shandong will flfl uctuate within a moderate range，without signififi cant volatility in 2025 ．However，continuous monitoring of market dynamics and inflfl uencing factors remains important for the accurate

prediction of future price trends 

Zizania latifolia is a characteristic aquatic vegetable in China,which has rich nutritional value and good planting benefit．In recent years,with the improvement of people's living standards and the change of consumption concepts,the consumption demand for Zizania latifolia is increasing,and the development of Zizania latifolia industry has been emphasized．In order to understand the current situation of the development of China's Zizania latifolia industry,help the high quality development of Zizania latifolia industry,through field research,elaboration of the current situation of the development of China's Zizania latifolia industry,analysis of Zizania latifolia cost-benefit situation,found that Zizania latifolia industry has a high degree of market concentration,consumption of regional strong,the degree of organization and other characteristics．The future development trend of Zizania latifolia industry to make judgments：first,the overall production scale of the industry is expanding;second,the industry is showing the trend of greening products and high-quality products;third,there is an urgent need for industrial mechanization and intelligent technology.

Due to causes as short shelf life,prefering fresh food,large market with small farmers,and nationwide distribution,the fresh vegetable supply in China still encounters problems as price fluctuations occur frequently,low profit proportion for growers,and unstable industry．The maturity and generalization of artificial intelligence provide opportunity for decision-making mode improvement in the vege distribution．With AI technology,multi modal data such as audio,video,and surveillance may be adopted as fundamentally different decision-making model for vegetable distribution．Then the level of vegetable industry could be significantly improved．

Phytophthora blight and anthracnose are major diseases affecting pepper production,not only reducing yields but also compromising fruit quality．Seedborne pathogens are one of the primary causes of disease outbreaks during cultivation．In this study,strains SX22,SX26,and SX45 were isolated from diseased pepper fruits and plants affected by Phytophthora blight and anthracnose in hybrid seed production bases in Shanxi,Hainan,and Anhui provinces．Pathogen identification based on morphological and molecular biology analyses confirmed these strains as Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum truncatum,and Colletotrichum scovillei,respectively．Specific primers PC-F/PC-R and ITS1/CT-R were designed for P. capsici and C. truncatum,while CS-F/CS-R primers were developed for C. scovillei．A real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qPCR）detection system was established for detecting C. truncatum,C. scovillei,and P. capsici in pepper seeds．In 2023,this system was applied to 70 pepper hybrid seed samples collected from production bases in Shanxi,Hainan,and Anhui provinces．The seed infection rates for P. capsici and C. scovillei were 70.0% and 72.9%,respectively．This detection system provides critical technical support for seed quality inspection and early prevention of pepper diseases．

Fruit color is one of the most intuitive traits for evaluating the appearance quality of pepper fruits．The proportions of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin contents endow pepper fruits with rich and colorful colors．Enriching fruit color resources is beneficial to the breeding of high-quality peppers．This paper summarizes the composition of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin in pepper fruits of different colors and the research on the regulation of carotenoid synthesis,focusing on the key enzyme genes and regulatory factors in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway,which can provide a reference for in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of color variation in pepper fruits．

China is the world’s largest exporter of processed tomato products，and the western regions possesses distinct natural advantages for tomato cultivation．However，the industry has long experienced severe fluctuations and remains in a state of reactive development focused on remedying existing gaps．This paper analyzes the current challenges facing the industry in terms of varieties，cultivation practices，harvesting，product types，and exports．It further proposes targeted strategies to enhance international competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth．These include building internationally recognized brands，diversifying and refining product lines，scientifi cally guiding market demand，improving industry regulations，and establishing a robust regulatory framework．Together，these measures aim to strengthen China’s processed tomato industry and support its long-term，healthy development．

In order to evaluate and analyze the nutritional quality of pepper germplasm resources,and identify the excellent germplasm. Seven fruit nutritional quality indexes including dry matter,vitamin C,capsaicinoid,capsanthin,soluble sugar,crude fiber and α-glucosidase inhibition rate were determined from 103 capsaicin germplasm resources provided by the Vegetable Department of Horticulture College of China Agricultural University．The nutritional quality of pepper germplasm resources was evaluated by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,membership function value method and systematic cluster analysis．The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 7 nutritional quality indexes was more than 20%,and the coefficient of variation of capsaicinoid content was the largest,reaching 147.53%．Through principal component analysis,three principal components were selected,and the cumulative percentage was 61.229%．Combined with the correlation among the indexes,the contents of dry matter,capsaicin and capsaicin were used as the representative indexes to evaluate the nutritional quality of capsaicin germplasm resources．The comprehensive evaluation model was used to calculate the comprehensive score of pepper germplasm resources,and 10 germplasm resources with the highest score were selected．At the same time,the average membership value of pepper germplasm resources was systematically clustered,and there were 6 pepper germplasm resources with good quality．Through cluster analysis,103 pepper germplasm resources were divided into four groups．In summary,the contents of capsaicinoid,dry matter and capsanthin can be used as representative indexes to evaluate the nutritional quality of capsicum. The pepper materials with excellent comprehensive quality include 21QS54,21QS69,21QS84 and 21QS96,which further provide a basis for the improvement of the nutritional quality of capsicum．

Abstract：Pepper red pigment is currently the largest-selling pure natural edible pigment in the world．Devlopment of high pepper red pigment varieties has become urgent．In this study，through genome-wide association study（GWAS）of capsanthin content of 255 core collections of Capsicum annuum，intervals signifi cantly associated with capsanthin were found on chromosomes 1，2，3，5，6，8，9，10，11，and 12，and a total of 93 genes were identifi ed in the signifi cant association intervals．Based on functional annotation and transcriptional expression data，three candidate genes affecting capsanthin content in pepper fruits were predicted．Through BSA-seq analysis of the F2 population constructed from high-pepper red pigment material Pep-340 and low-pepper red pigment material Pep-276，the intervals associated with the pepper red pigment content of pepper were localized on chromosomes 1，3，5 and 10，in which the localized intervals on chromosomes 3 and 5 were similar to or overlapped with the significantly associated intervals in the GWAS analysis．Using InDel molecular markers in these two intervals，genetic linkage analysis was performed， and the gene regulating the red pigment content of pepper was localized on chromosome 3 at qCC3.1，with a physical location ranging from 22.8 Mb to 25.9 Mb，containing 99 genes．According to the functional annotation and transcriptome analysis，four candidate genes，Capana03g001314，Capana03g001325， Capana03g001334 and Capana03g001387，affecting pepper red pigment content in pepper fruits were predicted．The results laid the foundation for fine mapping of genes regulating the red pigment content of pepper and molecular marker-assisted selection breeding.

In order to explore the feasibility of seedling transplanting of ginger,‘Shannong No.1'ginger variety was used as the test material,and the effects of cutting size（10‒15,25‒30,35‒40 and 50‒60 g）on the growth and yield of ginger were studied under two planting modes：seedling transplanting and direct seeding．The results showed that seedling transplanting with sliced ginger significantly promoted the growth of ginger plants compared with direct seeding with sliced ginger,and the plant height,stem diameter,number of branches and fresh weight of roots,stems,leaves and rhizomes increased significantly．Under the conditions of two cultivation modes,the plant growth is positively correlated with the cutting size of ginger．When ginger is harvested,the plant height,stem diameter and branch number of 10‒15 g seed ginger are increased by 5.21%,6.67% and 53.85% respectively,and the yield per 667 m² is increased by 61.11%,while the plant height,stem diameter and branch number of 50‒60 g seed ginger are increased by 5.26%,5.11% and 44.64% respectively,and the yield per 667 m² increased by 40.69%,indicating that using smaller cutting size of ginger for seedling raising and subsequent transplanting is more conducive to increasing ginger yield.

In this paper,we reviewed the latest research results on functional gene mapping and molecular marker development of pumpkin fruit,flower,kernel,long and short vine and stress tolerance traits．On this basis,the application and development direction of functional genes and molecular markers in assisted selection breeding and germplasm resource identification and creation were prospected．It provides reference for further research on molecular biology,gene mapping and marker-assisted selection breeding of pumpkin．

This study investigated the effects of exogenous 2，4-epibrassinolide（EBR）on the growth and physiology of vegetably potato seedlings（‘Ecaishu No.10’）under saline-alkali stress to establish a theoretical basis for applying EBR to alleviate stress．A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impacts of foliar spraying with different EBR concentrations under 300 mmol · L^-1 saline-alkali stress on root vitality，photosynthetic parameters（Pn，Tr，and Gs），chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics（Fo，Fm，Fv，Fv/Fo，and Fv/Fm），antioxidant enzyme activities（SOD，POD，and CAT），and osmoregulatory substance contents．Results showed that saline-alkali stress severely inhibited seedling growth：compared to the control（CK），root number，root activity，and root dry weight decreased by 46.97%，38.43%，and 47.46%，respectively；Pn，Tr，and Gs significantly declined；initial fluorescence（Fo）increased，while maximum fluorescence（Fm），variable fluorescence（Fv），PSII potential activity（Fv/Fo），and maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）decreased significantly．Malondialdehyde（MDA）content，relative electrolyte leakage，and antioxidant enzyme activities（SOD，POD，and CAT）were significantly elevated．Exogenous EBR effectively promoted root growth under stress：T3 treatment（1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR）exhibited the highest root number and root activity，increasing by 68.10% and 61.29% compared to T0（stress without EBR），while root dry weight peaked in T4（1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR）at 0.97 g per plant，with no significant difference between T3 and T4．Pn，Tr，and Gs reached maximum values under T3，increasing by 120.83%，134.02%，and 98.22% relative to T0．T3 also showed the highest proline content（35.01% increase），soluble protein content（25.70%），and soluble sugar content（33.01%）among all treatments．In conclusion，foliar application of 1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR eff ectively improved saline-alkali stress tolerance in potato seedlings by enhancing membrane stability，boosting photosynthetic efficiency，and mitigating stress-induced growth inhibitiot.

Utilizing a dataset of 9 000 SNPs obtained from resequencing analysis of 588 mustard materials,we developed 111 KASP markers covering the entire mustard genome．Based on molecular marker and phenotypic analyses of 187 germplasm resources representing diverse mustard types,21 duplicated genotypic materials with highly similar phenotypes were identified and excluded．Following the principle of‘distinguishing the most varieties with the fewest markers’61 KASP markers were selected for mustard germplasm identification．The genotyping data from these markers were utilized to generate a genotypic digital fingerprint code for mustard．Simultaneously,investigations were carried out on the key morphological traits in mustard production,encompassing leaf color,leaf shape,leaf margin notch,heading status,plant height,and the swelling site．By integrating the information on mustard types,a phenotypic digital code for mustard,designated as the‘trait code’,was constructed．By integrating the fingerprint code and trait code,a 2D molecular ID code for 166 mustard specimens was created．This study establishes a pivotal foundation for the digital management of mustard germplasm resources and varieties．

The development of the vegetable seedling industry is of great significance for ensuring the stable supply of vegetables in Beijing and promoting the modernization of the vegetable industry．This article combs through the industrial scale and development characteristics of Beijing’s intensive seedling industry,and points out problems in its development,such as backward business concepts,insufficient technological innovation,a shortage of professional and technical talents,incomplete technical standards,and inadequate industry supervision．Therefore,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,including that enterprises should introduce modern concepts to accurately meet market demands,drive seedling innovation from the aspects of capital and talent,standardize seedling-raising standards,and strengthen industry supervision．These measures aim to promote the rapid development of the intensive vegetable seedling industry and provide decision-making references for increasing the vegetable output in the capital and achieving the goal of vegetable self-sufficiency．

Based on the wholesale market price data of garlic in China over the past 20 years,this paper conducts a comprehensive and multi-dimensional decomposition and analysis of the garlic wholesale market price in China by using the CensusX12 seasonal adjustment model,the HP filter decomposition model,etc.,and deeply explores the characteristics and causes of abnormal fluctuations in garlic prices in China. The results show that garlic prices in China are affected by factors such as market supply and demand,extreme weather,market speculation,and information asymmetry,and abnormal fluctuations occur from time to time,presenting distinct seasonal,trend,cyclical and random characteristics. In view of this,in order to effectively stabilize the abnormal fluctuations in garlic prices and truly achieve the goal of ensuring the supply and stabilizing the price of garlic,a series of targeted and practical suggestions are put forward：give full play to the key role of government macro-control,establish a garlic industry expert group composed of industry authorities,industry associations,enterprises,and field experts,and through the establishment of production and sales monitoring systems,supply and demand conferences,information release systems,etc.,timely judge the production and sales situation of garlic,guide the operation of the garlic market,and promote the high-quality development of the garlic industry.

Sulforaphane（SF）is a class of secondary metabolites with higher biological activity formed by hydrolysis of the aliphatic glucosinolate component-glucoraphanin catalyzed by myrosinases,which is mainly distributed in cruciferous vegetable crops．SF has anti-cancer,anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,detoxification,cardiovascular and diabetes prevention and other multiple effects,and has considerable utilization value in the development of functional foods and health care products．In recent years,researchers have carried out a series of work on the breeding and efficient production of high-content SF,and the cultivation measures that effectively use exogenous regulatory methods to mediate the synthesis of SF are commonly used strategies．In this paper,the structure,physicochemical properties and synthesis pathways of SF were reviewed,and the mechanism of mediation of SF synthesis by different regulatory modes（such as environmental factors,plant hormones,exogenous regulatory substances）was discussed．Finally,the existing problems and future research directions are proposed,aiming to provide some valuable references for the high-quality cultivation of high-content SF cruciferous vegetables cultivars．

Abstract：Since 2000，the global garlic industry and import-export trades have witnessed profound transformations．To comprehensively and objectively understand the current development status of the global and Chinese garlic industries as well as the general situation of their international trade，this study analyzed data on garlic harvested area，production，yield，and import-export trade in China and worldwide，based on statistics released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO），the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC），and China Customs，combined with literature reports．The results show that Asia is the most critical garlic-producing region globally in terms of both harvested area and production，with China，India，and Bangladesh ranking among the top three in the world．China has long maintained the world’s largest harvested area and production，and its yield ranks fourth globally，approximately 50% of Kuwait’s yield-the highest level in the world ．Garlic is one of the most actively traded agricultural products internationally．In 2022，the global import volume of garlic amounted to around 2.35 million tons，valued at nearly 3 billion US dollars，while the export volume reached 2.63 million tons，valued at over 2.7 billion US dollars. Indonesia is the world’s largest garlic importer，with an import volume of 566 200 tons in 2022， accounting for 24.22% of the global total，and a value of 598 million US dollars，representing 20.10% of the total import value．China is the world’s largest garlic exporter. In 2022，China’s garlic export volume reached 2 035 900 tons，accounting for 77.42% of the global total，with an export value of 1 796 million US dollars，constituting 64.79% of the global export value．Over the past decade，China’s average international market share in garlic export volume has slightly decreased to 79.46%，while its average international market share in export value has increased to 68.78%．Spain is a country where both the average international market shares in garlic export volume and value have increased by more than 2%．In 2023，Chinese mainland garlic exports reached over 140 trading partners，and Southeast Asian countries were the main destinations，while exports to developed countries remained relatively limited．Shandong，Jiangsu，and Henan are the top three provinces in China ’s garlic exports，with their cumulative export volume and value accounting for over 92%．Despite China’s indisputable dominance in garlic harvested area，production，and export trade on the global stage， several major challenges constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry．In response to these challenges，this paper proposes suggestions for the development of China’s garlic industry．

To investigate the relationship between flavor compounds and sensory characteristics in five tasty tomato cultivars，this study analyzed soluble sugars，organic acids，amino acids，and sensory attributes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS），human sensory evaluation，and electronic tongue （E-tongue）．Results indicated that‘Nongfu No.1’exhibited the highest total sugar and acid content．While ‘Yulinglong’achieved the highest sensory evaluation score，indicating its superior overall fl avor preference among consumers．A quadratic correlation was observed between sugar-to-acid ratio and sensory scores，with an optimal range（27.47-28.50）significantly enhancing sweet-sour balance and aftertaste．Principal component analysis of E-tongue data revealed similar taste profiles between‘Yulinglong’and‘ Nongfu No.1’，whereas‘Jiatelin’‘Gaoshanbaoshi’and‘Yuanwei No.1’clustered closely．Sensory scores showed signifi cant positive correlations with fructose，glucose，malic acid，and specifi c amino acids．Collectively，‘Yulinglong’demonstrated optimal fl avor performance and market potential．This study provides a scientific basis for tomato cultivar selection and quality improvement.

Inflorescence-branching structure determines the number and size of tomato fruit,which is an important component of tomato yield and a main objective in tomato breeding．To identify and clone the key regulatory genes involved in inflorescence branching,‘ST198'with complex inflorescence branching and‘ST211'with simple inflorescence branching were selected as parental lines to generate an F₂ mapping population．Five major quantitative trait locis（QTLs）regulating inflorescence branching were identified using BSA-seq．Analysis and validation of the major QTL,qIB12.2,revealed that J2 was the key gene regulating inflorescence branching．J2 was found to exhibit an epistatic effect on another major QTL,qIB12.4．What's more,qIB12.4 was finely mapped to the 446.7 kb region,and closely linked molecular markers were developed．Our findings provide insights into the genetic regulatory network underlying tomato inflorescence development and have important application value for precise molecular breeding of tomato．

Abstract：Through a survey of the development scale and technological level of the vegetable seedling industry in Hunan，the main problems faced by the seedling industry were systematically analyzed，such as low equipment matching rate，weak environmental control ability，lack of seedling standard specifications and technical personnel，and high operating costs．It was proposed to optimize the conditions of seedling facilities，improve the introduction of advanced seedling equipment and technology，cultivate professional talents，strengthen cooperation between enterprises and scientifi c research institutions，enhance scientific and technological support，improve the seedling system，and formulate seedling related technical standards to ensure the continuous and stable supply of high-quality seedlings in main commodity vegetable bases，and help promote the high-quality development of vegetable industry in Hunan．

The Yangtze Delta region is one of the major producing areas of welsh onion in China．In order to comprehensively understand the current situation of local welsh onion production and better serve the production,education and research of welsh onion,we conducted a survey on the groups of welsh onion growers,purchasers,processors and seed dealers through on-site visits,telephone inquiries and questionnaires．The industrial distribution,planting varieties,seedling harvesting,business entities,production efficiency and existing problems of welsh onion in the Yangtze Delta region from 2018 to 2023 were investigated and analyzed．This paper summarizes the problems existing in the welsh onion industry,such as‘bottleneck’issue in seed industry,difficulty in ensuring of quality seedlings,low degree of mechanization,uneven quality of products,and the lack of production supporting facilities．In order to provide reference for the development of welsh onion industry in the Yangtze River Delta region,some countermeasures are put forward,such as domestic substitution of main varieties,specialized seedling raising,mechanized production,standardized production technology system,and promotion of planting base construction．

To address the issue of short cultivation distances in north-south ridge orientation for tomato production in solar greenhouses,which is not conducive to mechanized operations,a comparative experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse in Fangshan,Beijing．The experiment compared north-south and east-west ridge orientations for overwintering tomato cultivation,with the premise that east-west ridge orientation allows for mechanized operations．Four cultivation modes were designed：CK（north-south ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 40 cm）,T1（east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 35 cm）,T2（east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 37 cm）,and T3（east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 40 cm）,with planting densities of 2 381,2 539,2 402,and 2 222 plants per 667 m²,respectively．The results showed that when the tomato planting density was close to 2 400 plants per 667 m²,there were no significant differences in plant height,stem diameter,single fruit weight,number of fruits per plant,yield per plant,and yield per 667 m² between the east-west ridge orientation（T2）and the north-south ridge orientation（CK）at 37,44,and 51 days after planting．Within the planting density range of 2 222 to 2 539 plants per 667 m²,there were no significant differences in single fruit weight,yield per plant,and yield per 667 m² among the east-west ridge orientation treatments（T1,T2,T3）,although there was an upward trend with increasing planting density．When the planting density in the east-west ridge orientation was 2 539 plants per 667 m²（T1）,plant height,stem diameter,maximum leaf area,and number of leaves showed a decreasing trend compared to other treatments．Therefore,the east-west ridge orientation cultivation mode can be adopted for overwintering tomato production in solar greenhouses,ensuring both yield and mechanized production．

The WIP transcription factor family belongs to the A1d subgroup of C2H2 zinc finger protein．At present,CsWIP1 is involved in sex determination in cucumber,but the function of WIP gene in cucumber growth and development is still unknown．This study identified 40 members of the WIP gene family in cucumber,melon,watermelon,wax gourd,bottle gourd,and zucchini．Using online websites to analyze the physicochemical properties of the WIP proteins in the Cucurbitaceae family,and conducting chromosomal localization,gene structure,and other analyses through bioinformatics．The analysis of the cis acting elements of cucumber WIP genes indicates that the WIP family genes have cis acting elements such as spatial expression,plant hormones,and photoresponse elements．Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis of different tissues in cucumber revealed that CsaV3_1G014730 and CsaV3_4G031370 may play important roles in the shoot apex of cucumber;CsaV3_4G024150（CsWIP1）,CsaV3_3G039140,CsaV3_7G031140,and CsaV3_5G023030 may be involved in the growth and development of female and male flowers,transmitting tract,and male gametes,suggesting that WIP gene may play an important role in the development of transport channel and regulation of leaf vein pattern in cucumber．

Global freshwater resources are exhibiting a progressive decline,with drought posing a significant threat to crop production．Tomato（Solanum lycopersicum）,a water-demanding and nutrient-demanding crop,experiences severe developmental and yield constraints under drought stress．Genetic improvement for drought tolerance is therefore critical to ensure stable and high-yielding tomato production．In this study,the membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the drought tolerance of 44 globally representative Solanum pimpinellifolium germplasms collected at the germination stage．Results demonstrated that the wild Solanum pimpinellifolium exhibits markedly superior drought tolerance compared to cultivated varieties．Among the evaluated germplasms,30 germplasms were identified as drought-tolerant,with 9 germplasms displaying exceptional tolerance．Notably,these 9 germplasms maintained 100% relative germination rates under the condition of 15% PEG-6000 concentration．Phylogenetic tree construction and geographical origin analysis further revealed that drought-sensitive germplasms clustered more closely in genetic relatedness compared to drought-tolerant counterparts．Their geographic origins were also more concentrated in terms of latitude and altitude,suggesting that indicating that drought tolerance is an adaptive trait gradually evolved in the process of adapting to various wild environments．These findings provide a foundation for elucidating drought tolerance mechanisms and advancing genetic enhancement in cultivated tomato．

The tomato leafminer， Tuta absoluta（Meyrick）invaded into China in 2017 and it has rapidly emerged as one of the most destructive agricultural pests，causing substantial economic losses to tomato production．This paper reviewed the occurrence and damage caused by T. absoluta and the population expansion trends，the current status of pesticide resistance and the underlying mechanisms，the integrated pest management（IPM）strategies against this invasive species．Based on the existing research foundations，future research priorities and potential control strategies were discussed，aiming to provide scientifi c references for eff ectively managing this pest and developing more effi cient control technologies．

In order to explore the effects of different plant growth regulators on the volatile aroma components of pepper,headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS）was used in this study．The volatile aroma quality of pepper treated with compound sodium nitrophenolate,gibberellin,brassinolide and control was comprehensively evaluated by chemometrics analysis．The results showed that a total of 43 volatile aroma components were detected in the four treatments,including 38 in the control group,40 in the sodium nitrophenolate group,and 43 in the brassinolide and gibberellin group．Brassinolide and gibberellin treatment increased the total content of volatile aroma substances in pepper,and there was no difference in the total content of compound sodium nitrophenolate treatment．Based on the variable importance projection VIP > 1.0 of the PLS-DA model,a total of 12 different volatiles were screened out．The principal component analysis of volatile aroma components was carried out and the comprehensive evaluation function of principal components was constructed．The results showed that the highest comprehensive score of aroma quality was brassinolide group.

Abstract：Mustard（Brassica juncea），a Brassica vegetable in Cruciferae family，is widely cultivated worldwide and serves as important vegetable and oil crop．However，it has poor resistance to clubroot disease．Clubroot is a soil-borne disease caused by the infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.，which seriously affects Cruciferae crops．Currently，clubroot resistant resources were found in Brassica rapa． Taking three diff erent types of mustard materials which were used as female parents and three Chinese cabbage materials with different clubroot resistance（CR）genes which were used as male parents were crossed to conduct hybridization F1．Molecular marker linked to CR genes were used to identifi ed hybrid individuals． Ploidy determination and pollen viability assessment were performed on the hybrids to confi rm their status as true triploid hybrids and their fertility．The results showed that the cross-compatibility index of combinations by using 2018 as female parent were signifi cantly higher than that combinations by using 2029 and 2051 as female parents．Meanwhile，the cross-compatibility index has no significant differences among different Chinese cabbage as male parents．Among the F1 hybrid combinations，2018 × B，2018 × C，2018 × D，and 2051 × D were found to possess the clubroot resistance gene from their respective Brassica rapa male parents．The DNA relative contents of these four combinations were 19 930.26，which is near the average of DNA relative contents of Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea，confirming their status as true triploid hybrids．Both 2018 × B and 2018 × C combinations exhibited fertility，although their pollen vitality was signifi cantly lower than that of their parental lines．These hybrids can serve as intermediate materials for clubroot resistance breeding of Brassica juncea．

番茄根腐病主要分为番茄疫霉根腐病、番茄腐霉根腐病和番茄镰孢菌根腐病，病程短、发病快、毁灭性强，一旦发病极难控制，可导致减产20%～50%，重病田块减产80%以上。从发病症状、病原、发生规律、传播途径等角度全面了解番茄根腐病，并采取综合防控措施，有利于提高防控效果。

Tuta absoluta,a globally invasive pest,severely impacts tomato production．To clarify the population dynamics of this pest in tomato fields in Beijing and to screen effective sex attractants formulations for managing T. absoluta,we monitored the population dynamics of T. absoluta across three areas in Beijing：Pinggu,Changping,and Huairou by using the sex lure monitoring method．Additionally,the trapping effects of different ratios of two sex pheromone components and different doses of single principal component on T. absoluta were also evaluated in the field．The results of population dynamics monitoring indicated that T. absoluta was present at all monitoring sites across the three areas,with consistent patterns. From the initial stages of tomato planting until early to mid May,the number of adult moths was relatively low．However,from late May until the pulling of tomato seedlings,the number of adult moths sharply increased and remained consistently high．The results of the sex attractants screening indicated that varying ratios of two sex pheromone components,（3E,8Z,11Z）-tetradecyltrimene-1-acetate（TDTA）and（3E,8Z）-tetradecdiene-1-acetate（TDDA）（85∶15,90∶10,95∶5,and 100∶0）,all effectively trapped male adult moths of T. absoluta,with an average monthly trap count exceeding 400．In addition,1.8 mg of TDTA per lure attracted the largest number of adult moths,and it slightly higher than the numbers of 0.2 mg and 0.6 mg per lure．Except for greenhouse No.3,where the number of male adult moths captured by the 1.8 mg of TDTA per lure was significantly highly than that of the 0.6 mg of TDTA per lure,no statistically significant difference was observed．These findings offer valuable insights for monitoring and early warning systems against T. absoluta in Beijing,as well as for the development of sex attractants.

Based on the investigation data of hydroponic Chinese chives in Hebei,Shanxi,Shandong,Shaanxi,Henan and Jilin provinces,this paper evaulted the technical and economic effects of hydroponic Chinese chives by selecting the indexes of technical and economic measurement,the technical and economic effect analysis,and the technical and economic effect target．Then this paper calculated the critical value of economic profit. The results showed that the economic benefit and production efficiency of hydroponic chive were greatly increased．Land productivity reached 11.11 times,8.89 times,and 5.33 times that of open-field cultivation,small-arch shelter cultivation,and greenhouse cultivation respectively,while labor productivity showed 4.22-fold,3.73-fold,and 2.35-fold improvements over these traditional methods．The control effect of Bradysia odoriphaga was the best,which achieved 100% effectiveness．The quality and safety of chive products were greatly improved.Based on the research conclusion,this paper proposed systematic development suggestions from strengthening technical training and propaganda,accelerating the research and development of light and simplified equipment,strengthening the environmental management of hydroponic chives,and increasing government support．