藻类常见于蔬菜集约化育苗的水体、管路和基质表面、育苗设施地面和覆盖材料表面，可阻抑水分和肥料溶液下渗，干扰根际养分、氧气均衡稳定供给，诱发病害，堵塞管路，严重危害蔬菜壮苗高效育成。因此，藻类防控也是蔬菜集约化育苗重要的技术内容。

In order to fully and accurately grasp the development trend of China’s processed pepper industry and avoid the risks in development，the development situation and new trends of processed pepper industry were analyzed through systematic and continuous fifi eld research and data retrieval ．The results showed that the westward migration of China’s processed pepper industry was a foregone conclusion and the speed was gradually accelerated，which mainly occurred in the north of the 38 north latitude line and west of the Hu Huanyong line ．The westward migration of processed pepper industry is the process of improving international competitiveness and the need of industrial competitiveness development ．It interacts with scientific and technological innovation and brings about industrial transformation and upgrading．In this process，there are risks such as variety selection，natural disasters，market adaptability and supply chain integration．Local governments should strengthen overall planning to avoid the risk of ups and downs；establish a regional cooperation mechanism to strengthen the industrial docking between the east and the west；improve infrastructure construction and enhance the processing capacity of pepper in the west；promote the integration and development of agriculture and tourism，and build the western pepper brand．

Excessive application of water and fertilizer，continuous cropping are conventional management in the intensive cropping system in protected vegetable production．The intensive cropping system always induce soil deterioration，which constrains high efficient and quality production of vegetable．Based on the domestic and international researches，this manuscript systematically reviewed the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of soil obstacle．Furthermore，the inducements of soil obstacle were addressed considering agronomic management of fertilization and continuous cropping．Lastly，the present manuscript summarized the current ecological prevention of soil obstacle，which provides reference for the improvement of soil quality in greenhouse vegetable production．

To identify superior clubroot-resistant germplasm resources of Brassica rapa in Liaoning Province，pathogenicity tests were performed on 13 pakchoi（B. rapa ssp. chinensis）and 64 Chinese cabbage（B. rapa ssp. pekinensis）accessions using soil inoculation with the Plasmodiophora brassicae strain isolate from Xinmin of Shenyang，and molecular screening was then conducted to characterize resistance loci（CRa，CRa3.7，CRb，CRc，CRd，CRk，Crr1a，Crr2，and Crr3）in promising resistant resources．The results showed that one pakchoi accession‘Xiayuqian CR-4-5’（CR09），two Chinese cabbage accessions‘Beichenqianggen S5-1 CMS × CR51-1S5-1’（CR34）and‘Gaochenqiangbing’（CR77） exhibited strong resistance，both disea se incidence and disease index values of 0．Molecul ar marker analysis confifi rmed that all three resi stant accessions carried the clubroot resistance genes CRk，Crr1a，and Crr2．

 

Taking tomato continuous cropping obstacle soil as the research subject，this study employed High Performance Liquid Chromatography（HPLC）to identify the main phenolic acids present in the soil ．Biological tests and growth curve measurements were conducted to reveal the effects of phenolic acids on tomato seed germination，seedling growth，and soil-borne pathogens．The results demonstrated that p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the two predominant phenolic acids in tomato continuous cropping soil．Compared to seed germination，these two phenolic acids exhibited more significant autotoxic effects on tomato seedling growth．Under stress conditions of 100 mg · L^-1 p-coumaric acid and 300 mg · L^-1 p-hydroxybenzoic acid，the allelopathy index of tomato seedlings both reached -1.00．Under stress concentrations of 50 mg · L^-1 p-coumaric acid and 100 mg · L-1 p-hydroxybenzoic acid，the relative chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of tomato seedlings，including net photosynthetic rate，intercellular CO₂ concentration， stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate，were significantly reduced compared with no phenolic pcids．Furthermore，within the concentration range of 200 mg·L^-1，both phenolic acids promoted the growth of the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici race 8．In conclusion，p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid in tomato continuous cropping soil impact tomato growth through dual mechanisms：directly inhibiting seedling development and stimulating the proliferation of soil-borne pathogens． 

Abstract：In 2024，the general market prices of vegetables predominantly adhered to the typical pattern of annual seasonal fluctuations．Nevertheless，during the summer-autumn periods，the prices tended to operate at relatively elevated levels．Owing to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions and their sustained eff ects，it is anticipated that the upward trajectory of vegetable prices in the current winter and the forthcoming spring will be less steep compared to previous years，with a potentially longer duration of the price-increasing cycle．Taking into account the fact that the overall vegetable prices were on the higher side in 2024 and the acreage under cultivation has increased year-on-year，it is projected that the overall supply of vegetables in the spring of 2025 will be ensured．

Abstract：Tomato molecular breeding is a breeding strategy that uses molecular assisted selection to accelerate the breeding process and improve breeding efficiency．Genetic population is the foundation for studying the genetic basis of important traits and mining important genetic loci in tomatoes．It is used for genetic map construction，QTL mapping，gene cloning，and molecular marker development．At the same time，genetic populations can also be used for the creation of breeding germplasm．The commonly used genetic populations in tomato molecular breeding include F2，RIL，NIL，IL and other populations．This review summarized the characteristics of temporary and permanent genetic populations，and introduced the applications of these genetic populations in map construction，gene localization and identifi cation，and germplasm resource creation to provide reference for the application of genetic populations in tomato molecular breeding．

Abstract：Pepper red pigment is currently the largest-selling pure natural edible pigment in the world．Devlopment of high pepper red pigment varieties has become urgent．In this study，through genome-wide association study（GWAS）of capsanthin content of 255 core collections of Capsicum annuum，intervals signifi cantly associated with capsanthin were found on chromosomes 1，2，3，5，6，8，9，10，11，and 12，and a total of 93 genes were identifi ed in the signifi cant association intervals．Based on functional annotation and transcriptional expression data，three candidate genes affecting capsanthin content in pepper fruits were predicted．Through BSA-seq analysis of the F2 population constructed from high-pepper red pigment material Pep-340 and low-pepper red pigment material Pep-276，the intervals associated with the pepper red pigment content of pepper were localized on chromosomes 1，3，5 and 10，in which the localized intervals on chromosomes 3 and 5 were similar to or overlapped with the significantly associated intervals in the GWAS analysis．Using InDel molecular markers in these two intervals，genetic linkage analysis was performed， and the gene regulating the red pigment content of pepper was localized on chromosome 3 at qCC3.1，with a physical location ranging from 22.8 Mb to 25.9 Mb，containing 99 genes．According to the functional annotation and transcriptome analysis，four candidate genes，Capana03g001314，Capana03g001325， Capana03g001334 and Capana03g001387，affecting pepper red pigment content in pepper fruits were predicted．The results laid the foundation for fine mapping of genes regulating the red pigment content of pepper and molecular marker-assisted selection breeding.

Abstract：China is not only the main cultivation of cauliflower，but also an important producer of cauliflower seeds in the world．The cultivated and produced cauliflower seeds are not only planted on a large scale in China，but also exported to overseas markets．In order to ensure the authenticity and seed purity of loose-curd cauliflower varieties‘Zhenongsonghua 50 day’and‘Zhenongsonghua 88 day’，we re-sequenced 23 Brassica oleracea species，and the KASP primers were designed by selecting parent-specific SNPs to identify the hybrid varieties and their parents by genotyping．The results showed that the developed KASP markers could accurately identify the purity of the two hybrids，using 2 paternity specific primers and 1 maternal specifi c primers by genotyping，with an accuracy of 100%．

Abstract：To study the eff ect of glutathione-S-transferases StGST gene action against Rhizoctonia solani in potato induced by sodium silicate，the virus-free tissue culture seedlings of potato cultivar‘ Atlantic’ were used，based on transcriptome data of potato induced resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by sodium silicate， the highly expressed StGST gene was cloned by using RT-PCR and its bioinformatics were analysised．The expression of StGST gene were analyzed that was in different potato tissues，and in potato plants which induced with sodium silicate and inoculated Rhizoctonia solani by qRT-PCR．The results showed that the CDS sequence of StGST gene was 666 bp in length，and encoded 221 amino acids．The StGST gene belonged to the Tau gene family，was a hydrophobic stable protein，did not have a transmembrane region or signal peptide domain，had 16 phosphorylation modification sites，and subcellular localization predicted the gene mainly located on the cytoplasm and nucleus. StGST protein sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed high homology with other plant GST Through analysis of the promoter，it was found that it has cis regulatory elements related to resistance stress response and cis regulatory elements related to growth，development，and hormone response，participating in defense and stress response．The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of StGST gene was the highest in the leaves of potato，followed by the leaf，and the lowest in the root，indicating signifi cant tissue specifi city．Meanwhile，Rhizoctonia solani can induce the expression of StGST gene．Sodium silicate participated in the metabolism of potatoes，inducing the expression of disease resistant StGST gene，and played an important role in the response of potatoes against Rhizoctonia solani．

Abstract：In order to clarify the quality characteristics of screw pepper，the fl avor quality related indexes（types and contents of capsaicinoids，volatile compounds，etc）and some other quality indexes of smoothskinned pepper‘Sujiao No.9’（S9，as control）and 9 varieties of screw pepper fruits（green ripening stage） were determined，and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using membership function and principal component analysis（PCA）methods．The results showed that the capsaicinoids content of screw pepper varied，with the spiciness level of 7-8．A total of 222 volatile compounds were detected in 10 varieties of pepper，among which screw peppers were 28-62 more than smooth-skinned pepper（S9）and the average content was 55.19% higher．The main aroma types of screw pepper were green，floral and aldehydic，and the aroma-active compounds such as hexanal，（E）-2-Hexenal，octanal and 1-Octen-3-ol might be the key compounds to form the unique flavor of screw pepper．In addition，compared with smooth-skinned pepper S9，the fruit hardness of screw peppers were 36.44%-47.97% lower，and the vitamin C content were 17.09%-
95.47% higher．The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the fruit quality score ranking of screw pepper was higher than that of smooth-skinned pepper（S9）．Overall，screw pepper has the advantages of low hardness，high vitamin C content，rich volatile compounds and intense fl avor，and the fruit quality is better than smooth-skinned pepper．

Abstract：‘Yunbaojie No.1’is a new mustard variety developed by crossing self-pollinated pure line‘2006530629018’of the Yunnan local variety‘Dabianganjiecai’as female parent and‘QC2008019’of Taiwan Province introduced variety‘Baoxinjiecai’as male parent，then adopting the combination of the mass selection method and the pedigree method after hybridization．It is of early-maturing，with a growth period of 68-90 days．The plant type ranges from spreading to semi-erect，with the plant height of 40-55 cm and the spread of 45-60 cm．The leaves are flat orbicular，flat and light green，with slightly pucker，no prickles，entire leaf margins．The petioles are fl at-moon-shaped，white green in color，thick and broad midribs．The leaf heads are fl at-round，light green in color．The single plant weight is about 1.6 kg，and the yield is 112.5-142.5 t · hm-2．In the fi eld，its resistance to virus，downy mildew，and white rust is stronger than that of the contrast‘Yongbaojie No.2’．It is suitable for cultivation in Yunnan region，such as Dali，Wenshan，Qujing，Zhaotong．

Abstract：‘Huangti No.1’is a new yellow-flesh small-fruit watermelon F₁ hybrid，which developed by crossing inbred line‘Tianyi 2054’as female parent and‘Huangti 1804’as male parent．The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor．It is of early-maturing，with total growth period of about 107 days and fruit development period of about 35 days in spring facility cultivation．The fruit shape is nearly round，with light green rind and sharp-toothed stripes．The flesh color is light yellow，tender and juicy taste，with central soluble solids content of 12.1% and edge soluble solids content of 8.5%．The single fruit weight is about 3.2 kg， and the yield is about 45 t · hm-2．It is resistance to Fusarium wilt，and moderate resistance to anthracnose．It is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang，Shanghai，Jiangsu under spring greenhouse conditions．

老挝西瓜生产起于1990 年代边境傣族过境零星种植，近年来发展迅速。由中国瓜商、瓜农携带中国西瓜品种和种植技术，利用老挝自然资源和劳动力资源开展露地西瓜生产，运回国内销售。由于能够填补国内冬春季淡季需求，品质优良，成本低，利润可观，西瓜迅速发展成为老挝重要的对华出口产品。

China is the world’s largest producer of vegetables，with vegetables being the primary export category of Chinese agricultural products，accounting for 16.157% of agricultural exports in 2022．In the context of the RCEP agreement’s signing and implementation，it is highly significant to explore the status and potential of China’s vegetable trade with its partners to deepen the positive eff ects of exports and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese vegetables．The study utilizes panel data of China’s vegetable export trade to RCEP partners from 2006 to 2022，constructs a stochastic frontier gravity model and a trade inefficiency model，empirically analyzes China’s trade efficiency and its influencing factors with respect to RCEP partners，and measures the export potential of each country．The results indicate that the economic level，population size，economic disparity，vegetable yields，and trade environment of China and RCEP partners significantly impact vegetable exports．The rule of law，economic institutional environment，and infrastructure level of RCEP partners positively infl uence the effi ciency of vegetable exports．However，the level of integrity in export destinations and improvements in government effi ciency，conversely，negatively aff ect trade effi ciency．The average effi ciency of China’s vegetable exports to RCEP partners over the years is 0.667，though there are signifi cant diff erences among the countries within the RCEP partnership．China should continue to enhance the quality of its vegetable exports，expedite the implementation of the RCEP agreement，and further expand the depth and breadth of its cooperation with RCEP partners to reduce trade resistance and promote the continued growth of vegetable export volumes.

This review introduces the research progress on virus-free systems and propagation for the strawberry plant，including the current situation and new technologies both domestically and internationally．Furthermore，a feasible new scheme for a two-step clean and propagation system，from strawberry foundation stock to commercial plant，is proposed for domestic application．The aim is to provide theoretical support and guidance for the upgrading of strawberry plant production．

Amorphophallus konjac，an important economic crop in Southern China，is extensively utilized across materials chemistry，food health，and biomedicine．Over the past decade，the incidence of soil-borne diseases such as soft rot and southern blight has been exacerbated due to increased cultivation periods，leading to declining quality and yield，which signifi cantly hinders the high-quality development of the A. konjac industry．Consequently，it is imperative to intensify research into the epidemiology，damage，and environmentally friendly control of these diseases．This paper comprehensively reviews the advancements in green control techniques，including healthy cultivation practices，biocontrol methods，chemical control，and breeding for disease resistance in A. konjac over the past decade．The review emphasizes the role of bio-based factors such as biocontrol microbes，their antibiotic metabolites，and plant-derived antimicrobial compounds in managing A. konjac diseases．The objective is to establish a robust foundation for the development of a secure and eff ective green control strategy against A. konjac soft rot and southern blight.

‘Huajin No.1’is a new tomato F1 hybrid with resistance to TSWV．It is cultivated by crossbreeding，which inbred line‘302mf’as female parent and‘Qunli’as male parent．It is of medium and early maturity，and infi nite type．The single fruit weight is 200-260 g．The fruit is of oblate shape，and mature fruit is pink in color with good brightness．It has good fruit setting and can yield about 135 t·hm-2．It contains Sw-5 gene locus of resistance to tomato spot wilt virus，Ty1 gene locus of resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus，Cf-9 gene locus of resistance to tomato leaf mold，Sm gene locus of resistance to tomato gray leaf spot．It is suitable for cultivation at protected fields in Shandong，Liaoning，and Hebei Province in early spring and autumn delayed dates．

To achieve high-throughput genotyping and molecular marker-assisted selection（MAS）in tomato，22 molecular markers related to tomato disease resistance（Ty-1，Ty-2，Ty-3a，Ty-5，Sm，Rx4， Tm-2，Pto，I-1，Frl，Mi-1，Bwr-12，Ph-3），sugar and acid content（STP，Lin5，ALMT9），fruit hardness（FIS1），fruit shape（OVATE），inflorescence branch（J2，EJ2，STM3）and plant type（SP） were developed. The results of genotyping showed that 22 markers could accurately classify heterozygous and two homozygous genotypes. For disease resistance，the genotypes of 27 tomato varieties showed that 90% of the tested varieties contained fi ve or more disease resistance genes，and 16 varieties contained 7-9 disease resistance genes. Six tomato varieties contained high sugar，high acid and multi-infl orescence branching genes.In addition，effi cient KASP markers were developed and genotyped for eight of these key genes to verify the stability of the molecular markers. In conclusion，the molecular markers developed in this study have important application value for improving the efficiency of resistance breeding and quality breeding in tomato and for accelerating the breeding of new varieties with high yield，high quality and disease resistance

As important type of ceruloplasmin in organism，laccase plays important role in plant growth regulation and resistance adv ersity．In this study，based on the genome and transcriptome of Amaranthus tricolor L.，the laccase gene family members of Amaranthus tricolor L.（AtrLAC）were identifi ed．Online software was used to predict the bioinformatics information．Meanwhile，the gene expression pattern was analyzed according to TPM of transcrisptome data．The results indicated that a total of 19 LAC genes were screened from Amaranthus tricolor L. genome，the AtrLAC protein ranged from 118-1 191 aa in length，the molecular weight was in the range of 13.05-135.10 kD，and the isoelectric point was about 6.49-9.85．Most of AtrLACs were hydrophilic，alkaline and stable proteins．The subcellular localization was predicted that the most of AtrLACs were outside the cell membrane or on the plasma membrane．The 19 LAC members of Amaranth tricolor L. and the 17 LAC members of Arabidopsis thaliana were clustered into 6 groups according to the phylogenetic tree．The TPM analysis showed that the expression of AtrLACs was diff erent under diff erent treatments．Among them，AtrLAC7 might play an important role in betalain synthesis，hormone regulation and light condition in betalain．

In order to explore the eff ects of defi cit irrigation treatment and harvest time on tomato shortterm storage，the changes of color，weight loss rate，hardness，VC，soluble sugar，titratable acid，peroxidase（POD）and polyphenol oxidase（PPO）of tomato fruits with 5 types of diff erent maturity（S1-S5）under 3 types of irrigation volume（normal irrigation CK，light defi cit irrigation T1 and moderate defi citirrigation T2）were compared at under the conditions of substrate cultivation in a solar greenhouse．The resultsindicated that tomatoes of lower irrigated amount（moderate defi cit irrigation T2）exhibited higher levels of hardness，soluble sugar，VC content，POD and PPO activities compared to those treated with higher irrigated amount（normal irrigation CK，light defi cit irrigation T1），whereas the titratable acid content was relatively lower．Tomato with low maturity could keep good appearance quality during storage，and its antioxidant enzyme content was relatively higher．Considering the comprehensive irrigation volume and harvest maturity，the tomato storage quality of the S2 stage under moderate defi cit irrigation（T2） was optimal and more suitable for short-term storage.

Chilli veinal mottle virus（ChiVMV）is a RNA virus that causes serious damage in pepper production．In order to clarify diff erences in physiological and biochemical changes of diff erent pepper varieties in response to ChiVMV infection，susceptible‘Guijiao No.12’and resistant‘Perennial’were inoculated with ChiVMV by artifi cial friction．On the days of 2，4，8，15，20 days after inoculation respectively，leaf samples were collected and used to measure defense enzyme activities，and content of chlorophyll（Chl），malondialdehyde（MDA）and osmoregulatory substances．Disease index（DI）of two pepper varieties was also investigated．The results were shown that‘Guijiao No.12’ had a disease index of 79.34，reaching the high level of susceptibility to ChiVMV on the day of 30 days after inoculation．While‘Perennial’had a disease index of 9.88，reaching the high level of resistance to ChiVMV．From the 2-20 days after inoculation with ChiVMV，the activities of peroxidase（POD），catalase（CAT），polyphenol oxidase（PPO），and the content of malondialdehyde（MDA）and proline（Pro）of the two varieties increased on diff erent degree，and the chlorophyll content decreased when compared with the control（no inoculation of ChiVMV）．Meanwhile Chl and Pro content and POD activity of the resistant variety were signifi cantly higher than that of the susceptible variety at the same period，and MDA content of the former was signifi cantly lower than that of the latter．The results of further analysis were revealed that the content of Chl and Pro，and POD activity were positively correlated with the pepper resistance to ChiVMV，whereas MDA content was negatively correlatedwith the pepper resistance to ChiVMV．Therefore，it was considered that the content of Chl，Pro and MDA，and POD activity could be used as the preferred indexes for the evaluation of pepper resistance to ChiVMV．

Grafting was mainly used for the control of bacterial wilt in eggplant．There is a strong demand for dominant resistant rootstocks in production．In this study，we used stabilized male-sterile and parthenocarpic line CMSD-6 as the male-sterile donor parent and high resistant lines BW2，BW9，‘Tiemuzhen’as the resistant donor parents to bacterial wilt．Combined with hybridization，backcrossing，identification of agronomic traits，fertility，resistance and analysis of combining ability，we cultivated 3 excellent male-sterile lines（CMSBW2，CMSBW9，CMSTMZ）with high resistance to bacterial wilt．Furtherly，CMSBW2 showed the highest GCA eff ect value for main stem diameter and plant height，and the lowest GCA eff ect value for incidence of bacterial wilt，which could be used as the core dominant parent for the cultivation of rootstock in eggplant．This study lay a material foundation for improving the bacterial wilt resistance，reducing the cost of manual seed production，ensuring hybrid seed purity，and preventing parental loss．

The process of tomato breeding is facilitated by the use of materials with a high level of genetic diversity，which can be used to develop new varieties with specific target traits．In this study，16 quality traits and 8 quantitative traits of 96 processed tomato germplasm resources were evaluated using a mutation level approach，and analysed with insertion/deletion（InDel）markers．The results demonstrated that the phenotypic traits of the tested materials exhibited a high degree of genetic diversity．The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index for quality traits was observed for fruit shape（H′ = 1.66）．The genetic diversity index（H’）of quantitative traits exhibited a range of values，from 1.67 to 4.56．The highest values were observed for fruit weight（4.56）and pulp thickness（4.56）．The average number of effective alleles（Ne）detected by 48 pairs of InDel markers was 1.710，with a polymorphism information content（PIC）ranging from 0.041 to 0.540，with an average of 0.330．InDel labeling cluster analysis revealed that 96 materials could be divided into three categories．Group 1，which contained 39 resources，exhibited strong growth and fruit hardness．The second group contains a single resource，and all characters are neutral．The third group，comprising 56 resources，was distinguished by short plants and low hardness．Therefore，parental materials can be selected from the aforementioned groups based on target traits．In conclusion，the experiment provides a more accurate and comprehensive scientific basis for the utilisation and breeding of processed tomato germplasm resources．

Abstract：To address low water and fertilizer use effi ciency and soil secondary salinization from excessive irrigation and fertilization in facility vegetable production，we tested pepper variety‘ Xinrui’ using intelligent， precise drip irrigation and fertilization technology based on in-situ soil moisture monitoring. We implemented four treatments：traditional drip irrigation + traditional fertilizer（WhFh），high-frequency drip irrigation + traditional fertilizer（WlFh），traditional drip irrigation + optimized fertilizer（WhFl），and high-frequency drip irrigation + optimized fertilizer（WlFl）．We examined the eff ects of these treatments on yield，growth indices，water and fertilizer use effi ciency，soil mineral nitrogen，and salt accumulation．Results showed that WlFl treatment reduced irrigation and fertilizer application by 29.9% and 50.0%，respectively，compared to WhFh，with no impact on pepper yield．However，leaf area increased by 63.6%，and the dry mass of roots，stems，and leaves rose by 29.5%，29.7%，and 24.0%，respectively．Additionally，N，P2O5，and K?O recovery in WlFl increased by 50.9，27.2，and 46.2 percentage points compared to WhFh．High-frequency drip irrigation reduced water loss by 44.7% to 66.4% and increased water utilization by 14.5-15.9 percentage points compared to traditional drip irrigation．Optimized fertilization treatments reduced soil surface watersoluble salt content by 21.4% to 34.7% and soil mineral nitrogen accumulation by 55.1% to 70.0% compared to traditional fertilization．In summary，high-frequency drip irrigation combined with optimized fertilization signifi cantly reduced water and fertilizer inputs and seepage losses，improved water and fertilizer utilization，and reduced soil mineral nitrogen and water-soluble salt accumulation，contributing to the green and sustainable production of facility vegetables.

日光温室番茄秸秆整秆原位还田是秸秆处理的新模式，可实现番茄2 年5 茬连续种植，不仅省时省力、省肥省药，而且解决了蔬菜秸秆随意丢弃、污染环境等问题。连续8年种植实践表明，日光温室土壤性状良好，番茄产量稳定，农户收益显著提高。

Based on investigation and analysis，and from the perspective of whole industry chain，this paper objectively evaluated the current development status of vegetable industry in Chongqing City，analyzed in depth the problems facing the high-quality development of vegetable industry in Chongqing，as the laging behind base construction，sustaining rise of continuous cost，low processing level，low circulation effi ciency and insufficient support system，etc．The paper also put forward several suggestions，like strenthening the construction of standardized bases in production link；adjusting industrial structure and green production，improving the processing level，increasing enterprise cultivation and strengthening brand building in processing process；optimizing traditional distribution channels，accelerat ing the construction of cold chain logistics and creating new forms of distribution in the circulation link；improving the system for supporting science and technology and social service provision in supporting system，etc.，so as to provide new ideas for high-quality development of vegetable industry in Chongqing City．

To mining the key genes of drought resistant genes in broccoli，the effect of biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity of broccoli seedlings were analyzed，with‘Tailv No.3’for material，simulated drought stress by PEG，and differentially expressed genes related to antioxidant enzymes screened by transcriptome sequencing，then expression level analyzed based on real time fl uorescence quantitative PCR．The results showed that the aboveground biomass accumulation of broccoli seedlings was signifi cantly inhibited and the growth of underground parts was promoted，as well as the activities of POD，SOD，CAT，APX and GPX increased．Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that 6 513 genes diff erentially expressed was detected in broccoli seedlings under drought stress，of which 3 129 genes were up-regulated and 3 384 genes were down-regulated．45 differentially expressed genes related to antioxidant enzymes were screened，then one gene related to POD，SOD，CAT，APX and GPX was screened with the highest up-regulation amplitude by analysis of relative expression quantity，respectively．These genes may be key genes for drought resistance in broccoli，which provides a scientifi c basis to research drought resistance mechanism．

The hypocotyl is a commonly used explant for genetic transformation of cabbage（Brassica oleracea var. capitata），however，the problems of genotype-dependent and low regeneration efficiency are the main obstacles at present．This study explores the construction of a genetic transformation system using the epicotyl of cabbag e as an explant，with 9 cabbage varieties as test materials．The regeneration effi ciency after Agrobacterium infection was compared between the hypocotyl and epicotyl as two explants．The results show that 5 cabbage varieties had elongated epicotyls．After Agrobacterium inoculation，all 5 varieties with epicotyls as explant induced adventitious shoots with regeneration frequencies ranging from 32.4% to 78.4%．In contrast，only 3 varieties induced of adventitious buds with hypocotyl as explant，with the highest regeneration frequency of only 2.7%．This shows that the epicotyl is an ideal explant for overcoming genotypic dependence in B. olerecea transformation，and provides an effi cient approach to obtain regenerated B. oleracea plants．

The development of spicy vegetable export trade plays an important role in promoting the international competitiveness of China’s vegetable trade．On the basis of analyzing the export scale and export market structure of spicy vegetables，this paper selected data from 2014 to 2022 and utilized international market share，indicative comparative advantage index，and competitive advantage index and other competitiveness indicators to calculate and compare the international competitiveness of 4 spicy vegetables．They were ginger，chili，onion，and garlic．The diamond model was used to analyze the factors aff ecting the competitiveness of China’s spicy vegetables．Research found that the development of China’s spicy vegetable export trade on the whole was showing a good momentum．Judging from the international market share and displayed comparative advantage index，garlic and ginger had excellent international competitive advantages．Finally，the paper put forward suggestions to enhance the overall competitiveness of spicy vegetables；improve product quality and planting technology；strengthen brand building and capital investment；and actively develop diversifi ed markets，etc．

Aroma is one of the important traits to measure the quality of pepper fruits．With the development of pepper breeding towards high quality，research on aroma compounds of pepper fruits has received increasing attention．This paper reviewed the domestic and international research progress on the volatile aroma compounds in pepper fruits，outlined the means of separating and identifying the aroma components，and summarized the differences of sensory contribution，composition and content of aroma components among varieties，mature period and fruit parts．The synthetic pathway of main aroma components and the related regulatory genes were also summarized，and the problems and prospects of the current research on volatile aroma compounds in peppers were discussed in order to provide references for the future research and breeding and selection work on pepper aroma．

To screen for suitable internal reference genes in eggplant under diff erenttissues and adversity stresses，UBC，EF-1a，18S，Actin，GAPDH，β-TUB，L33 and EF2，eight candidate internal reference genes were selected in this study under eight experimental conditions，including flood stress，drought stress，cold stress，heat stress，Verticillium dahliae infestation，salt stress，salicylic acid treatment and different tissue sites．The stability of candidate internal reference genes was analyzed using geNorm，NormFinder，ΔCT，Bestkeeper and RefFinder under eight test conditions．The results showed that Actin was the most stable internal gene among all samples，cold stress，heat stress，Verticillium dahliae infestation and salt stress，β-TUB was the most stable gene expressed under flooding stress，EF2 was the most stable under drought stress，EF-1a was the most stable gene expressed under salicylic acid treatment，and 18S was the most stable among different tissue sites．UBC，L33 and GAPDH were not stably expressed under all treatments．This study provides stable internal reference genes for the study of gene specific expression in different tissues of eggplants and under adversity stress．

To clear and definite the resistance level of Tuta absoluta in the cities of Beijing and Zhangjiakou，the current work used leaf-dipping method with ten field-collected populations from the two cities to determine the levels of resistance to three popular diamide insecticides（5% chlorantraniliprole SC，20% fl ubendiamide WG，and 10% cyantraniliprole OD）．The results displayed that most of the ten fi eld-collected populations have developed low level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide，respectively，and some of them have developed moderate resistance to the two insecticides．On the other hand，most of the ten field-collected populations showed high susceptibility or decreased susceptibility to cyantraniliprole，and some of them displayed low level of resistance to it．Moreover，significant resistance to all of the three popular diamide insecticides were detected in the Zhangjiakou Huailai field-collected population．Based on previously published cases and results of this study，application of chlorantraniliprole and fl ubendiamide should be cautious due to the detection of moderate resistance．Although high susceptibilities of cyantraniliprole were observed in the most field-collected populations of T.absoluta，other classes of insecticides were recommended to rotation with the diamide insecticides to avoid potential resistance development resulting from similar mode of action．

露地辣椒化肥农药减施增效栽培模式的核心技术包括选用高抗品种、化肥减量、有机肥替代、水肥一体化、化学农药减量、生物农药应用以及无人机飞防等，可比常规种植模式减施化肥22%，减少化学农药用量31.14%，鲜椒增产13.8%。

Developing intelligent facility vegetables is an essential choice to achieve the goals of agricultural modernization and is crucial for ensuring a stable vegetable supply. Through macro analysis of the intelligent development of facility vegetables，reviewing its current status and revealing its significance in enhancing production effi ciency，improving agricultural product quality，and ensuring market supply，it was found that，espite the prominent performance of intelligent facility vegetables in increasing yield and improving quality，challenges such as high initial investment and maintenance costs，a mismatch between technology and human resources，and issues of data security and technological uncertainty limit their widespread application. Based on these challenges，this study proposes a series of strategies including growth-oriented，transformative，defensive，and diversified approaches，encompassing measures such as lowering entry barriers，promoting technological innovation，strengthening technology and human resource development，and enhancing data security and privacy protection. These strategies aim to provide scientific guidance and practical pathways for the sustainable development of intelligent facility vegetables.

Abstract：Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）can enhance the host plant’s tolerance to cadmium （Cd）．However，the impact of AMF on Cd uptake in crops with different Cd accumulation types is still unclear．Under Cd stress，the sand culture method was used to study the eff ects of AMF inoculation on growth indicators，root morphology，xylem sap Cd concentration，and root Cd ion fl ow velocity in diff erent varieties of peppers．Two inoculation levels，inoculation（Fm）and non-inoculation（CK）were applied to high Cd accumulation pepper variety‘Layan 101’and low Cd accumulation pepper variety‘Layan 201’．The results showed that，under Cd stress，AMF promoted the growth of peppers．Compared with CK，AMF signifi cantly increased the dry weight of pepper roots，with‘Layan 101’and‘Layan 201’increasing by 99.71% and82.61%，respectively．The above ground dry weight of‘Layan 201’and the total root length，root surface area，root volume，and average root diameter of‘Layan 101’all signifi cantly increased．The concentration of Cd in the wound fl uid of the two pepper varieties was found to decrease，with the greatest reduction observed at 30 days．Cd concentrations in‘Layan 101’and‘Layan 201’decreased by 32.12% and 45.83%，respectively．The average fl ow velocity of Cd2+ in the root systems also decreased signifi cantly，with a greater reduction observed in‘Layan 101’（81.8%）compared to‘Layan 201’（77.2%）．The absorption of Cd by the root systems of the two pepper varieties was inhibited by AMF，with a stronger inhibitory eff ect observed on the Cd high accumulation variety‘Layan 101’compared to the Cd low accumulation variety‘Layan 201’．

Zhangshugang Chili has a cultivation history of over 200 years，this paper introduces the origins of‘Zhangshugang Chili’tender fruits，discusses the mechanisms that contribute to its superior taste qualities，the current status of the industry，and the challenges it encountered．To address these challenges，efforts have been directed towards cultivating new varieties of tender fruit pepper that can meet diverse market demands，along with developing techniques for high-yield cultivation of tender fruit peppers．These new varieties have been widely promoted and adopted across various regions，realizing a year-round supply of tender fruit peppers．As a result，‘Zhangshugang Chili’ has been elevated from a local brand to be nationally renowned，marking a significanttransition from a regional variety of tender pepper to a high-end brand known for its exceptional quality．

There existed significant geospatial dislocation between production and consumption regions of tomato products. This condition enabled the tomato products adjusting supply and demand between different countries or regions through international trade．Thus，a network structure despending on and influencing each other was gradually formed. As one of the 3 major producing areas of tomato products，China is a big exporter of tomato products. Based on globle trade data of tomato products from 2000—2022，this paper studied the characteristics and evolution trend of global tomato products trade network using social network analysis method．In addition，the paper put forward the challenges faced by China’s tomato products trade at present，including price advantages weakening and increased uncertainty in export markets. The paper also put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for China to speed up the construction of tomato products strong trading power.

DNA was extracted from single seed as well as seedlings of seven vegetables，including of cabbage，Chinese cabbage，mustard，onion，cucumber，tomato and pepper using magnetic bead method．The seeds of these seven vegetables varied in size and shape．The DNA quality was evaluated by real-time fluorescent PCR reaction using reference gene Actin．In order to check whether the DNA quality was goodenough for KASP（kompetitive allele specific PCR）assay，we conducted KASP assay for each vegetable． The results showed that the average Ct value of DNA extracted from single vegetable seed by magnetic beads was in the range of 19-24．KASP assays further confirmed their quality was good enough for KASP markers assay．In conclusion，this study established a simple，economical and practical method for DNA extraction of single seeds，which has good stability for vegetable seeds of different sizes and greatly reduces the time for obtaining genotype data．

Abstract：This paper studied temperature change and heat-absorbing volume change of greenhouse soil in slope ground greenhouse during the day with flat ground greenhouse as a control to provide a reference for the renovation of the old solar greenhouse．The results showed that the slope ground greenhouse significantly improved the soil temperature environment of the solar greenhouse．Compared with the flat ground greenhouse，the soil temperature increased by 0.1-1.7 ℃，the highest soil temperature by 1.0-1.9 ℃，the air temperature above corp canopies was reduced by 1.9-4.0 ℃，and heat-absorbing volume of the soil increased by 8.44%-44.57%．The increase of soil temperature and heat-absorbing volume on sunny days was greater than on cloudy days．