From the perspective of trade flow，this study combines social network theory with trade indicators to investigate the changes and patterns in the global vegetable seed trade pattern，and to identify the supply security of Chinese vegetable seeds．The results indicate that the global vegetable seed trade network continues to expand in scale，with increasing network density and enhanced trade accessibility．The position of core countries such as the Netherlands，the United States，and France in the internet is stable，and they have always been at the forefront in terms of trade intensity，trade independence，and trade control．The Chinese vegetable seed industry is increasingly integrated into the global vegetable seed cycle．While gaining international division of labor benefifi ts，external market inflfl uence is gradually increasing，but overall risks are controllable．Propose to strengthen technological innovation and intellectual property protection as important measures to consolidate the foundation of food security and seed source security；to build an innovation ecosystem for the seed industry，strengthen industrial collaboration，and guide enterprises to specialize and deeply cultivate advantageous areas；we need to strengthen our overseas layout，deepen international cooperation and division of labor in the seed industry，and other policy recommendations．

Bacterial soft rot in cucumber is a serious bacterial disease that is caused by Pectobacterium carotovora subspecies brasiliensis．This article mainly reviews recent research progress in the identififi cation of the pathogen，pathogenic mechanism，resistance identification methods，inheritance analysis of disease resistance，genetic mapping of disease resistance genes，and control methods of cucumber bacterial soft rot in cucumber．Meanwhile，the future research directions are prospected，aiming to provide references for disease resistant breeding of cucumber bacterial soft rot．

Purple Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis）presents colorful leaf heading，and is rich in anthocyanins．Because anthocyanins have benefit function of antioxidant，anti-cancer，and enhancing immune defense for people’s health，research and application of purple Chinese cabbage and functional genes regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis have been hot topics all over the world．Based on the research results in the past two decades about the sources of purple traits in Chinese cabbage，along with the phenotypes of purple leaf heading and the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes associated with purple traits from different sources and their applications，regulatory factors and functional genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis are reviewed in the article．The aims are to sort the molecular mechanisms regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and summarize breakthrough achievements in key functional genes in purple Chinese cabbage in order to further elucidate the reasons of genes related to the diverse purple phenotypes and cross-sectional appearances of purple leaf heading Chinese cabbage．These results will help new purple varieties breeding in Chinese cabbage．

Abstract：Sugar transporter proteins（STPs）are an important class of important monosaccharide transporter proteins that play a crucial roles in plant growth and development．In this study，we used bioinformatics methods were used to identify and analyze the CmSTP gene family in melon（Cucumis melo L.），and the chromosome distribution，gene structure，evolutionary and collinearity relationship，promoter sequence，tissue expression were further characterized. The results showed that the CmSTP gene family contains 18 members，named CmSTP1 to CmSTP18 in sequence，which were unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes except for chromosome 1，3，10 and 11．All 18 genes contain at least one introns，and most of them contain three introns．In the phylogenetic tree analysis，showed that theall 18 CmSTP genes were divided into three subfamilies．Collinearity analysis revealed that there were thirteen pairs of genes with collinearity relationship were identified between melon and tomato，and seven pairs between melon and Arabidopsis thaliana were identified.The analysis of promoter sequences analysis identified various hormones and light-responsive cisregulatory elements．The expression analysis showed that 12 CmSTP genes expressed only in specific tissue，indicating that they may act different functions in different tissues or development stages of melon．These results lay a foundation for further investigation into exploring the functions of the STP gene family in regulating the growth and development of melon plants．

Abstract：Since 2000，the global garlic industry and import-export trades have witnessed profound transformations．To comprehensively and objectively understand the current development status of the global and Chinese garlic industries as well as the general situation of their international trade，this study analyzed data on garlic harvested area，production，yield，and import-export trade in China and worldwide，based on statistics released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO），the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC），and China Customs，combined with literature reports．The results show that Asia is the most critical garlic-producing region globally in terms of both harvested area and production，with China，India，and Bangladesh ranking among the top three in the world．China has long maintained the world’s largest harvested area and production，and its yield ranks fourth globally，approximately 50% of Kuwait’s yield-the highest level in the world ．Garlic is one of the most actively traded agricultural products internationally．In 2022，the global import volume of garlic amounted to around 2.35 million tons，valued at nearly 3 billion US dollars，while the export volume reached 2.63 million tons，valued at over 2.7 billion US dollars. Indonesia is the world’s largest garlic importer，with an import volume of 566 200 tons in 2022， accounting for 24.22% of the global total，and a value of 598 million US dollars，representing 20.10% of the total import value．China is the world’s largest garlic exporter. In 2022，China’s garlic export volume reached 2 035 900 tons，accounting for 77.42% of the global total，with an export value of 1 796 million US dollars，constituting 64.79% of the global export value．Over the past decade，China’s average international market share in garlic export volume has slightly decreased to 79.46%，while its average international market share in export value has increased to 68.78%．Spain is a country where both the average international market shares in garlic export volume and value have increased by more than 2%．In 2023，Chinese mainland garlic exports reached over 140 trading partners，and Southeast Asian countries were the main destinations，while exports to developed countries remained relatively limited．Shandong，Jiangsu，and Henan are the top three provinces in China ’s garlic exports，with their cumulative export volume and value accounting for over 92%．Despite China’s indisputable dominance in garlic harvested area，production，and export trade on the global stage， several major challenges constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry．In response to these challenges，this paper proposes suggestions for the development of China’s garlic industry．

Abstract：In the soilless cultivation of tomato in intelligent greenhouse，the appropriate nutrient solution formula and its dynamic adjustment strategy are the key to achieve high quality and high yield．In this paper，the appropriate ratios of N/K，K/Ca/Mg，P/Ca，NH4+ /NO3- in diff erent growth stages of tomato were elaborated．The effects of pH，water alkalinity，hardness，total dissolved salts and EC（electrical conductivity）value of feeding water and nutrient solution on the availability of nutrients，growth and development，yield and quality of tomato were discussed．The concentration of nutrients in the nutrient

solution and the appropriate content in different parts of tomato plants were introduced．This paper also summarized the classic standard formulations of tomato nutrient solution at home and abroad，and its scope of application and changes in diff erent phenological growth periods．The feasibility of the application of organic nutrient solution in soilless cultivation of tomato were discussed．In this paper，the professional institutions，instruments and equipment and online in-situ detection methods of nutrient solution testing at home and abroad were introduced，as well as the method of dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution formula and the online decision support system for nutrient solution formula adjustment according to the target value of nutrient solution in the root zone of tomato at diff erent growth stages．It was proposed that the nutrient solution formula should

be dynamically adjusted according to different tomato varieties，growth stages，feeding water quality and climatic conditions to obtain the best yield and quality．It is s uggested that Chinese researchers should speed up the research and development of on-line in-situ detection equipment and on-line decision-making support system for dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution，narrow the gap with f oreign advanced countries，and improve the intelligent level of dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution．This paper can provide a reference for growers and technicians of soilless tomato cult ivation in intelligent greenhouses．

Abstract：The tomato SlDSP gene is involved in the regulation of sepal morphology．To investigate the relationship between tomato calyx morphology and fruit quality composition，wild-type tomato TI1101 with naturally mutated dsp calyx base and upright calyx blackberry tomato（WT）with overexpressed SlDSP gene calyx base plants were used as materials．The main fl avor quality，nutritional quality，and commercial quality of mature fruits were compared and analyzed．The results showed that mutations or overexpression of the SlDSP gene led to diff erent calyx shapes in tomatoes，which in turn aff ected the total sugar content，glucose content，fructose content，sugar-to-acid ratio，lycopene content，vitamin C content，soluble solids content， and calyx depression size．These traits were signifi cantly higher in the encapsulated calyx tomato than in the basal calyx tomato，and the basal calyx tomato was signifi cantly higher than the erect calyx tomato．Total acid content，citric acid content，and malic acid content were signifi cantly higher in erect calyx tomatoes than in basal calyx tomatoes，and basal calyx tomatoes were signifi cantly higher than in enveloped calyx tomatoes． Single fruit weight and fruit fi rmness were signifi cantly higher in enveloped and erect calyx tomatoes than in basal fl at calyx tomatoes．This indicates that tomato calyx morphology not only aff ects fruit appearance quality but also plays an important role in fruit nutritional quality and taste．Regulation of calyx morphology by the SlDSP gene is an eff ective approach to improving fruit quality．

Abstract：In this study，employed bioinformatics methods to analyze the physicochemical properties，conserved domains，transmembrane domains，and secondary/tertiary protein structures of the watermelon ERECTA gene（gene ID：Cla97C05G096750）．Additionally，phylogenetic tree clustering analysis was performed．The full-length CDS sequence of the watermelon ERECTA gene was cloned，and its tissue-specific expression patterns under abiotic stresses were investigated ．The results revealed that the ERECTA gene spans 6 894 bp，containing 27 exons and 26 introns，and is located on chromosome 5（25 867 785-25 874 678 bp），encoding 991 amino acids ．Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this amino acid sequence shares a close evolutionary relationship with melon and cucumber，while showing the most distant relationship with rice．qRT-PCR demonstrated that the ERECTA gene exhibited higher expression levels in female fl owers and leaves，but the lowest in stems. Under salt stress，its expression was upregulated，whereas it showed an initial increase followed by a decrease under drought and cold stresses，suggesting its potential role in stress responses． This study provides a foundation for future functional investigations of this gene in watermelon and targeted improvement of key agronomic traits．

Abstract：Multi-span smart greenhouses，a representative type of modern horticultural facilities，its main cultivated tomato varieties have long relied on imported from abroad and basic data on the environmental factors necessary for localized tomato cultivation are insufficient for cultivation instruction．Cherry tomato variety‘Sapolo’is the maily uesd variety imported abroad，we conducted light-temperature coupling regulation experiments during the entire growth period in Beijing multi-span smart greenhouses．Results showed that ‘Sapolo’requires 2 941.60 ℃ · d eff ective accumulated temperature（base temperature 10 ℃）and accumulates25 661.29 μmol · m-2 · s-1 photosynthetic active radiation（PAR）during its growth cycle of 240 days from transplanting to vine removal．At fi nal harvest stage，plants exhibited：756.17-821.93 cm height，8.28-10.12 mm stem diameter，96.15-101.85 cumulative leaves，23.95-28.60 infl orescences，23.70-27.00 fruit clusters，and 6.31-7.14 kg yield per plant．This pioneering study clarifi es the light-temperature requirement thresholds and yield formation patterns of‘Sapolo’in northern China’s multi-span smart greenhouses，providing theoretical basis for breeding specialized cherry tomato varieties in domestic facility agriculture．

To investigate the relationship between flavor compounds and sensory characteristics in five tasty tomato cultivars，this study analyzed soluble sugars，organic acids，amino acids，and sensory attributes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS），human sensory evaluation，and electronic tongue （E-tongue）．Results indicated that‘Nongfu No.1’exhibited the highest total sugar and acid content．While ‘Yulinglong’achieved the highest sensory evaluation score，indicating its superior overall fl avor preference among consumers．A quadratic correlation was observed between sugar-to-acid ratio and sensory scores，with an optimal range（27.47-28.50）significantly enhancing sweet-sour balance and aftertaste．Principal component analysis of E-tongue data revealed similar taste profiles between‘Yulinglong’and‘ Nongfu No.1’，whereas‘Jiatelin’‘Gaoshanbaoshi’and‘Yuanwei No.1’clustered closely．Sensory scores showed signifi cant positive correlations with fructose，glucose，malic acid，and specifi c amino acids．Collectively，‘Yulinglong’demonstrated optimal fl avor performance and market potential．This study provides a scientific basis for tomato cultivar selection and quality improvement.

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase（RdRP）of tomato zonate spot virus（TZSV）is a key enzyme for viral replication and transcription．This study aims to provide essential materials for the detection and diagnosis of TZSV and to lay the foundation for further research on the roles of RdRP in viral gene expression regulation and virus-host interactions．To achieve this，a fragment of the RdRP was expressed in a prokaryotic system and polyclonal antibodies were prepared．The results are as follows：a 903 bp fragment of the TZSV RdRP-a was amplifi ed from the leaves of infected tomato plants and a recombinant protein with a molecular weight of approximately 36 kDa was obtained through prokaryotic expression．After purifying the recombinant protein and immunizing mice，polyclonal antibodies were preparerd，with the titer of the polyclonal antiserum reached 1∶128 000．Western blot analyses confirmed that the prepared polyclonal
antibodies could specifi cally recognize both the recombinant TZSV-RdRP protein and the native virus．

High-temperature stress is an important environmental factor limiting the growth and
development of tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.），while melatonin（melatonin，MT），as a multifunctional
plant growth regulator，plays an important role in enhancing plant stress resistance．This study investigated the
regulatory eff ects of exogenous melatonin（ 200 μmol · L^-1）on the growth and physiological characteristics of
tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress（38 °C/25 °C，day/night）．The results indicated that hightemperature stress signifi cantly inhibited seedling growth，reducing plant height，stem diameter，leaf length，
and leaf width by 25.6%，30.6%，20.6%，and 27.5%，respectively．At the same time，malondialdehyde
（MDA）content and relative conductivity increased signifi cantly．Melatonin treatment restored plant height and stem diameter to the control level at normal temperature，and signifi cantly reduced the MDA content on the 6th
and 9th days after treatment and the relative conductivity content on the Day 3, Day 6, and Day 9 after treatment，
thereby maintaining membrane integrity．High-temperature stress induced increased activities of activities of
superoxide dismutase（SOD），catalase（CAT），and peroxidase（POD）in tomato seedlings，and melatonin
further enhanced the activities of SOD，CAT，and POD．Additionally，melatonin promoted the accumulation
of osmoregulatory substances ，and the proline content increased by 67.9%．Comprehensive analysis suggests that
melatonin alleviated heat-induced damage by enhancing antioxidant defense and osmoregulation capacity．

The in-situ retention of greenhouse vegetable straw is an eff ective way to address agricultural waste pollution and improve soil quality．However，existing technologies mainly focus on vegetable production in northern greenhouses，with insufficient consideration of the differentiated characteristics of southern greenhouse paddy-upland rotation systems．This study investigates the effects of tomato straw removal（CK ），in-situ straw retention（TR），in-situ straw retention with chemical soil disinfection（TR + C），and in-situ straw retention with microbial agents（TR + M）on soil properties and crop growth under a plastic greenhouse paddy-upland rotation（rice/tomato）model．The results showed that TR，TR + C，and TR + M treatments signifi cantly increased the content of organic carbon，total nitrogen，available potassium and the soil quality index in the root zone ．Among them，the TR + M treatment showed the most signifi cant improvement，with increases of 156.3%，14.0%，18.0%，24.0% and 224.6% in organic carbon，total nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium and soil quality index，respectively，compared to CK．Additionally，the TR + M treatment demonstrated excellent productivity in rice（plant height，stem diameter，number of leaves and tillers，plant dry and fresh weights，number of eff ective panicles，number of grains per panicle，thousand-grain weight，yield）and tomato（plant height，stem diameter，number of leaves，plant dry weight，yield）．The yields of rice and tomato were increased signifi cantly by 76.8% and 31.8%，respectively，in the TR + M treatment compared to CK．In summary，the in-situ retention of tomato straw coupled with microbial agents can effectively improve soil quality and productivity in southern greenhouse paddy-upland rotation systems．

In recent years，China’s tomato industry has shown rapid development，and occupies an important position in the vegetable industry． Based on the data of 2017—2023，this paper comprehensively analyzes the development status and cost benefi ts of the tomato industry． From the perspective of the current development status，China’s tomato industry has realized annualized supply and formed six major tomato planting advantageous regions． From the point of cost-benefi t，the total cost and net profi t of tomato in China showed an upward trend from 2017 to 2023，and the cost profi t margin was in a fl uctuating state． However， the rising cost pressure and the large fl uctuation of the net profi t of facility tomato constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the tomato industry． In view of the above problems，this article proposes three perspectives of quality and efficiency paths for the tomato industry from the perspective of digital wisdom empowerment，mechanism soundness，and seed industry innovation：develop wisdom production，optimize the cost structure；build a whole chain synergistic mechanism to reduce the total cost；and promote scientifi c and technological innovation in the tomato seed industry to reduce the cost of planting and production．

Anthocyanins，a class of polyphenolic pigments widely present in the plant kingdom，are typically absent in tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.）fruits ．Genetic engineering and other breeding methods can be employed to develop anthocyanin-enriched tomato varieties．In recent years，signifi cant advancements had been made in the genetics and regulation of tomato anthocyanins．This paper reviews the biosynthetic pathway of tomato anthocyanins，the genetic localization of anthocyanin-related genes in plants，and the progress in genes editing tomato anthocyanin genes．These studies further elucidate the mechanisms of synthesis and regulation of tomato anthocyanins，providing theoretical support and reference for future research and innovation aimed at enhancing tomato quality through the utilization of anthocyanins．

Tomato is one of the three major traded vegetables globally and holds a significant position in international vegetable trade．Tomato virus disease is one of the common and severely damaging diseases in tomato production，and there is no cure once the plant is infected．Toma to chlorosis virus（ToCV）is transmitted by whitefl y vectors of the family Aleyrodidae in a semi-persistent，non-circulative manner．Tomato plants infected with ToCV exhibit symptoms such as leaf yellowing，interveinal chlorosis，leaf margin curling，and growth retardation，severely impacting tomato yield and quality．This article reviews the recent research progress on ToCV，discussing its distribution characteristics，host range，classifi cation and particle properties，transmission routes and characteristics，genome st ructure and function，common detection methods，and control measures．Additionally，it proposes some urgent issues to be addressed in ToCV research，aiming to provide a reference for future studies on ToCV．

Tomato spotted wilt virus（TSWV）is a thrips-transmitted plant virus belonging to the genus Orthotospovirus within the family Bunyaviridae ．With an extensive host range，TSWV can infect over 1 000 plant species across more than 85 families，causing severe damage to economically important crops such as tomatoes，peppers，lettuce，and peanuts ．In recent years，due to climate change and the spread of thrips vectors，the global impact of TSWV has intensified．This review summarizes the host range，disease characteristics，geographical distribution，transmission mechanisms，genome structure，pathogenic mechanisms，and control strategies of TSWV，in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of the virus．

Abstract：Fruit fl avor is one of the most important quality traits for tomatoes．As a key volatile fl avor
compound，1-octen-3-one has signifi cant contribution to the formation of tomato fl avor．However，the genes regulating the content of 1-octen-3-one in tomato fruits have not yet been cloned．To elucidate the genetic regulatory mechanism，we utilized a recombinant inbred line（RIL）population derived from a cross between cultivated tomato‘Moneymaker’（Solanum lycopersicum）and wild currant tomato‘PI365967’（Solanum pimpinellifolium）in this study．By association analysis，we identifi ed three QTLs closely related to 1-octen-3-one content． Among these QTLs，the locus qGTA1 on chromosome 1 was identified as the major QTL，contributing 20.18% of the phenotypic variation．By constructing a mapping population，qGTA1 was ultimately localized to a region of 465 kb. We predicted that Solyc01g103770，Solyc01g103720 and Solyc01g104070 were the possible candidate genes．This study lays the foundation for cloning the regulatory gene controlling 1-octen-3-one content in tomato fruits．

To identify hub genes involved in tomato resistance to gray mold，transcriptome sequencing was performed on leaves of tomato high-generation inbred line‘E6203’seedlings before and after infection．Weighted gene co-expression network analysis（WGCNA）was employed to screen for hub genes associated with tomato resistance to Botrytis cinerea．The results showed that WGCNA identifi ed 13 co-express ion gene modules，of which two modules were associated with the early response a nd two modules were associated with the late response to B. cinerea infection in tomato．Functional enrichment analysis revealed that primary metabolic processes were downregulated after B. cinerea infection，while defense response processes were activated．Further analysis of hub genes within these modules led to the identifi cation of 4 candidate genes，including CDIP，DJC17，NATA2，and NPF6.4，that may be involved in regulating resistance to gray mold．The defense response to B. cinerea in tomato mainly involves pathways such as glycogen catabolic，pyridinecontaining compound catabolic ，and membrane protein proteolysis．

To investigate the responses and flood tolerance of tomato rootstocks at the seedling stage under waterlogging stress，five rootstock cultivars—‘Lizhen No.2’‘Qinhezhenmu’‘Yongshi No.1’‘Weiershengen’and‘Jinzuan’—were evaluated．Seedlings were subjected to waterlogging treatments of varying durations（0，2，4，8，and 16 days），along with a control（CK，normal water conditions）．Physiological indicators，including malondialdehyde（MDA），superoxide anion（O2-.），antioxidant enzyme activities，proline（Pro）content，and root activity，as well as growth traits such as plant height and dry biomass，were measured．Results showed that‘ Qinhezhenmu’exhibited strong flood tolerance， ‘Weiershengen’ was sensitive，while the other three had intermediate tolerance．With prolonged waterlogging，MDA levels generally increased．O2-. levels in‘ Qinhezhenmu’ and‘ Yongshi No.1’decreased in later stages．Most rootstocks showed a continuous increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and Pro accumulation．‘Qinhezhenmu’and‘ Jinzuan’ maintained high root activity，consistently exceeding that of the control．Waterlogging signifi cantly reduced plant height and dry biomass in all rootstocks，while the root-to-shoot ratio increased．Principal component analysis ranked fl ood tolerance as follows：‘Qinhezhenmu’ ＞‘Jinzuan’ ＞‘Yongshi No.1’＞‘ Lizhen No.2’ ＞‘ Weiershengen’，consistent with the seedling-stage evaluation．

藻类常见于蔬菜集约化育苗的水体、管路和基质表面、育苗设施地面和覆盖材料表面，可阻抑水分和肥料溶液下渗，干扰根际养分、氧气均衡稳定供给，诱发病害，堵塞管路，严重危害蔬菜壮苗高效育成。因此，藻类防控也是蔬菜集约化育苗重要的技术内容。

In order to fully and accurately grasp the development trend of China’s processed pepper industry and avoid the risks in development，the development situation and new trends of processed pepper industry were analyzed through systematic and continuous fifi eld research and data retrieval ．The results showed that the westward migration of China’s processed pepper industry was a foregone conclusion and the speed was gradually accelerated，which mainly occurred in the north of the 38 north latitude line and west of the Hu Huanyong line ．The westward migration of processed pepper industry is the process of improving international competitiveness and the need of industrial competitiveness development ．It interacts with scientific and technological innovation and brings about industrial transformation and upgrading．In this process，there are risks such as variety selection，natural disasters，market adaptability and supply chain integration．Local governments should strengthen overall planning to avoid the risk of ups and downs；establish a regional cooperation mechanism to strengthen the industrial docking between the east and the west；improve infrastructure construction and enhance the processing capacity of pepper in the west；promote the integration and development of agriculture and tourism，and build the western pepper brand．

Excessive application of water and fertilizer，continuous cropping are conventional management in the intensive cropping system in protected vegetable production．The intensive cropping system always induce soil deterioration，which constrains high efficient and quality production of vegetable．Based on the domestic and international researches，this manuscript systematically reviewed the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of soil obstacle．Furthermore，the inducements of soil obstacle were addressed considering agronomic management of fertilization and continuous cropping．Lastly，the present manuscript summarized the current ecological prevention of soil obstacle，which provides reference for the improvement of soil quality in greenhouse vegetable production．

To identify superior clubroot-resistant germplasm resources of Brassica rapa in Liaoning Province，pathogenicity tests were performed on 13 pakchoi（B. rapa ssp. chinensis）and 64 Chinese cabbage（B. rapa ssp. pekinensis）accessions using soil inoculation with the Plasmodiophora brassicae strain isolate from Xinmin of Shenyang，and molecular screening was then conducted to characterize resistance loci（CRa，CRa3.7，CRb，CRc，CRd，CRk，Crr1a，Crr2，and Crr3）in promising resistant resources．The results showed that one pakchoi accession‘Xiayuqian CR-4-5’（CR09），two Chinese cabbage accessions‘Beichenqianggen S5-1 CMS × CR51-1S5-1’（CR34）and‘Gaochenqiangbing’（CR77） exhibited strong resistance，both disea se incidence and disease index values of 0．Molecul ar marker analysis confifi rmed that all three resi stant accessions carried the clubroot resistance genes CRk，Crr1a，and Crr2．

 

Taking tomato continuous cropping obstacle soil as the research subject，this study employed High Performance Liquid Chromatography（HPLC）to identify the main phenolic acids present in the soil ．Biological tests and growth curve measurements were conducted to reveal the effects of phenolic acids on tomato seed germination，seedling growth，and soil-borne pathogens．The results demonstrated that p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the two predominant phenolic acids in tomato continuous cropping soil．Compared to seed germination，these two phenolic acids exhibited more significant autotoxic effects on tomato seedling growth．Under stress conditions of 100 mg · L^-1 p-coumaric acid and 300 mg · L^-1 p-hydroxybenzoic acid，the allelopathy index of tomato seedlings both reached -1.00．Under stress concentrations of 50 mg · L^-1 p-coumaric acid and 100 mg · L-1 p-hydroxybenzoic acid，the relative chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of tomato seedlings，including net photosynthetic rate，intercellular CO₂ concentration， stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate，were significantly reduced compared with no phenolic pcids．Furthermore，within the concentration range of 200 mg·L^-1，both phenolic acids promoted the growth of the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici race 8．In conclusion，p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid in tomato continuous cropping soil impact tomato growth through dual mechanisms：directly inhibiting seedling development and stimulating the proliferation of soil-borne pathogens． 

Abstract：In 2024，the general market prices of vegetables predominantly adhered to the typical pattern of annual seasonal fluctuations．Nevertheless，during the summer-autumn periods，the prices tended to operate at relatively elevated levels．Owing to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions and their sustained eff ects，it is anticipated that the upward trajectory of vegetable prices in the current winter and the forthcoming spring will be less steep compared to previous years，with a potentially longer duration of the price-increasing cycle．Taking into account the fact that the overall vegetable prices were on the higher side in 2024 and the acreage under cultivation has increased year-on-year，it is projected that the overall supply of vegetables in the spring of 2025 will be ensured．

Abstract：Tomato molecular breeding is a breeding strategy that uses molecular assisted selection to accelerate the breeding process and improve breeding efficiency．Genetic population is the foundation for studying the genetic basis of important traits and mining important genetic loci in tomatoes．It is used for genetic map construction，QTL mapping，gene cloning，and molecular marker development．At the same time，genetic populations can also be used for the creation of breeding germplasm．The commonly used genetic populations in tomato molecular breeding include F2，RIL，NIL，IL and other populations．This review summarized the characteristics of temporary and permanent genetic populations，and introduced the applications of these genetic populations in map construction，gene localization and identifi cation，and germplasm resource creation to provide reference for the application of genetic populations in tomato molecular breeding．

Abstract：Pepper red pigment is currently the largest-selling pure natural edible pigment in the world．Devlopment of high pepper red pigment varieties has become urgent．In this study，through genome-wide association study（GWAS）of capsanthin content of 255 core collections of Capsicum annuum，intervals signifi cantly associated with capsanthin were found on chromosomes 1，2，3，5，6，8，9，10，11，and 12，and a total of 93 genes were identifi ed in the signifi cant association intervals．Based on functional annotation and transcriptional expression data，three candidate genes affecting capsanthin content in pepper fruits were predicted．Through BSA-seq analysis of the F2 population constructed from high-pepper red pigment material Pep-340 and low-pepper red pigment material Pep-276，the intervals associated with the pepper red pigment content of pepper were localized on chromosomes 1，3，5 and 10，in which the localized intervals on chromosomes 3 and 5 were similar to or overlapped with the significantly associated intervals in the GWAS analysis．Using InDel molecular markers in these two intervals，genetic linkage analysis was performed， and the gene regulating the red pigment content of pepper was localized on chromosome 3 at qCC3.1，with a physical location ranging from 22.8 Mb to 25.9 Mb，containing 99 genes．According to the functional annotation and transcriptome analysis，four candidate genes，Capana03g001314，Capana03g001325， Capana03g001334 and Capana03g001387，affecting pepper red pigment content in pepper fruits were predicted．The results laid the foundation for fine mapping of genes regulating the red pigment content of pepper and molecular marker-assisted selection breeding.

Abstract：China is not only the main cultivation of cauliflower，but also an important producer of cauliflower seeds in the world．The cultivated and produced cauliflower seeds are not only planted on a large scale in China，but also exported to overseas markets．In order to ensure the authenticity and seed purity of loose-curd cauliflower varieties‘Zhenongsonghua 50 day’and‘Zhenongsonghua 88 day’，we re-sequenced 23 Brassica oleracea species，and the KASP primers were designed by selecting parent-specific SNPs to identify the hybrid varieties and their parents by genotyping．The results showed that the developed KASP markers could accurately identify the purity of the two hybrids，using 2 paternity specific primers and 1 maternal specifi c primers by genotyping，with an accuracy of 100%．

Abstract：To study the eff ect of glutathione-S-transferases StGST gene action against Rhizoctonia solani in potato induced by sodium silicate，the virus-free tissue culture seedlings of potato cultivar‘ Atlantic’ were used，based on transcriptome data of potato induced resistance against Rhizoctonia solani by sodium silicate， the highly expressed StGST gene was cloned by using RT-PCR and its bioinformatics were analysised．The expression of StGST gene were analyzed that was in different potato tissues，and in potato plants which induced with sodium silicate and inoculated Rhizoctonia solani by qRT-PCR．The results showed that the CDS sequence of StGST gene was 666 bp in length，and encoded 221 amino acids．The StGST gene belonged to the Tau gene family，was a hydrophobic stable protein，did not have a transmembrane region or signal peptide domain，had 16 phosphorylation modification sites，and subcellular localization predicted the gene mainly located on the cytoplasm and nucleus. StGST protein sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed high homology with other plant GST Through analysis of the promoter，it was found that it has cis regulatory elements related to resistance stress response and cis regulatory elements related to growth，development，and hormone response，participating in defense and stress response．The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of StGST gene was the highest in the leaves of potato，followed by the leaf，and the lowest in the root，indicating signifi cant tissue specifi city．Meanwhile，Rhizoctonia solani can induce the expression of StGST gene．Sodium silicate participated in the metabolism of potatoes，inducing the expression of disease resistant StGST gene，and played an important role in the response of potatoes against Rhizoctonia solani．

Abstract：In order to clarify the quality characteristics of screw pepper，the fl avor quality related indexes（types and contents of capsaicinoids，volatile compounds，etc）and some other quality indexes of smoothskinned pepper‘Sujiao No.9’（S9，as control）and 9 varieties of screw pepper fruits（green ripening stage） were determined，and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using membership function and principal component analysis（PCA）methods．The results showed that the capsaicinoids content of screw pepper varied，with the spiciness level of 7-8．A total of 222 volatile compounds were detected in 10 varieties of pepper，among which screw peppers were 28-62 more than smooth-skinned pepper（S9）and the average content was 55.19% higher．The main aroma types of screw pepper were green，floral and aldehydic，and the aroma-active compounds such as hexanal，（E）-2-Hexenal，octanal and 1-Octen-3-ol might be the key compounds to form the unique flavor of screw pepper．In addition，compared with smooth-skinned pepper S9，the fruit hardness of screw peppers were 36.44%-47.97% lower，and the vitamin C content were 17.09%-
95.47% higher．The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the fruit quality score ranking of screw pepper was higher than that of smooth-skinned pepper（S9）．Overall，screw pepper has the advantages of low hardness，high vitamin C content，rich volatile compounds and intense fl avor，and the fruit quality is better than smooth-skinned pepper．

Abstract：‘Yunbaojie No.1’is a new mustard variety developed by crossing self-pollinated pure line‘2006530629018’of the Yunnan local variety‘Dabianganjiecai’as female parent and‘QC2008019’of Taiwan Province introduced variety‘Baoxinjiecai’as male parent，then adopting the combination of the mass selection method and the pedigree method after hybridization．It is of early-maturing，with a growth period of 68-90 days．The plant type ranges from spreading to semi-erect，with the plant height of 40-55 cm and the spread of 45-60 cm．The leaves are flat orbicular，flat and light green，with slightly pucker，no prickles，entire leaf margins．The petioles are fl at-moon-shaped，white green in color，thick and broad midribs．The leaf heads are fl at-round，light green in color．The single plant weight is about 1.6 kg，and the yield is 112.5-142.5 t · hm-2．In the fi eld，its resistance to virus，downy mildew，and white rust is stronger than that of the contrast‘Yongbaojie No.2’．It is suitable for cultivation in Yunnan region，such as Dali，Wenshan，Qujing，Zhaotong．

Abstract：‘Huangti No.1’is a new yellow-flesh small-fruit watermelon F₁ hybrid，which developed by crossing inbred line‘Tianyi 2054’as female parent and‘Huangti 1804’as male parent．The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor．It is of early-maturing，with total growth period of about 107 days and fruit development period of about 35 days in spring facility cultivation．The fruit shape is nearly round，with light green rind and sharp-toothed stripes．The flesh color is light yellow，tender and juicy taste，with central soluble solids content of 12.1% and edge soluble solids content of 8.5%．The single fruit weight is about 3.2 kg， and the yield is about 45 t · hm-2．It is resistance to Fusarium wilt，and moderate resistance to anthracnose．It is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang，Shanghai，Jiangsu under spring greenhouse conditions．

老挝西瓜生产起于1990 年代边境傣族过境零星种植，近年来发展迅速。由中国瓜商、瓜农携带中国西瓜品种和种植技术，利用老挝自然资源和劳动力资源开展露地西瓜生产，运回国内销售。由于能够填补国内冬春季淡季需求，品质优良，成本低，利润可观，西瓜迅速发展成为老挝重要的对华出口产品。

China is the world’s largest producer of vegetables，with vegetables being the primary export category of Chinese agricultural products，accounting for 16.157% of agricultural exports in 2022．In the context of the RCEP agreement’s signing and implementation，it is highly significant to explore the status and potential of China’s vegetable trade with its partners to deepen the positive eff ects of exports and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese vegetables．The study utilizes panel data of China’s vegetable export trade to RCEP partners from 2006 to 2022，constructs a stochastic frontier gravity model and a trade inefficiency model，empirically analyzes China’s trade efficiency and its influencing factors with respect to RCEP partners，and measures the export potential of each country．The results indicate that the economic level，population size，economic disparity，vegetable yields，and trade environment of China and RCEP partners significantly impact vegetable exports．The rule of law，economic institutional environment，and infrastructure level of RCEP partners positively infl uence the effi ciency of vegetable exports．However，the level of integrity in export destinations and improvements in government effi ciency，conversely，negatively aff ect trade effi ciency．The average effi ciency of China’s vegetable exports to RCEP partners over the years is 0.667，though there are signifi cant diff erences among the countries within the RCEP partnership．China should continue to enhance the quality of its vegetable exports，expedite the implementation of the RCEP agreement，and further expand the depth and breadth of its cooperation with RCEP partners to reduce trade resistance and promote the continued growth of vegetable export volumes.

This review introduces the research progress on virus-free systems and propagation for the strawberry plant，including the current situation and new technologies both domestically and internationally．Furthermore，a feasible new scheme for a two-step clean and propagation system，from strawberry foundation stock to commercial plant，is proposed for domestic application．The aim is to provide theoretical support and guidance for the upgrading of strawberry plant production．

Amorphophallus konjac，an important economic crop in Southern China，is extensively utilized across materials chemistry，food health，and biomedicine．Over the past decade，the incidence of soil-borne diseases such as soft rot and southern blight has been exacerbated due to increased cultivation periods，leading to declining quality and yield，which signifi cantly hinders the high-quality development of the A. konjac industry．Consequently，it is imperative to intensify research into the epidemiology，damage，and environmentally friendly control of these diseases．This paper comprehensively reviews the advancements in green control techniques，including healthy cultivation practices，biocontrol methods，chemical control，and breeding for disease resistance in A. konjac over the past decade．The review emphasizes the role of bio-based factors such as biocontrol microbes，their antibiotic metabolites，and plant-derived antimicrobial compounds in managing A. konjac diseases．The objective is to establish a robust foundation for the development of a secure and eff ective green control strategy against A. konjac soft rot and southern blight.

‘Huajin No.1’is a new tomato F1 hybrid with resistance to TSWV．It is cultivated by crossbreeding，which inbred line‘302mf’as female parent and‘Qunli’as male parent．It is of medium and early maturity，and infi nite type．The single fruit weight is 200-260 g．The fruit is of oblate shape，and mature fruit is pink in color with good brightness．It has good fruit setting and can yield about 135 t·hm-2．It contains Sw-5 gene locus of resistance to tomato spot wilt virus，Ty1 gene locus of resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus，Cf-9 gene locus of resistance to tomato leaf mold，Sm gene locus of resistance to tomato gray leaf spot．It is suitable for cultivation at protected fields in Shandong，Liaoning，and Hebei Province in early spring and autumn delayed dates．

To achieve high-throughput genotyping and molecular marker-assisted selection（MAS）in tomato，22 molecular markers related to tomato disease resistance（Ty-1，Ty-2，Ty-3a，Ty-5，Sm，Rx4， Tm-2，Pto，I-1，Frl，Mi-1，Bwr-12，Ph-3），sugar and acid content（STP，Lin5，ALMT9），fruit hardness（FIS1），fruit shape（OVATE），inflorescence branch（J2，EJ2，STM3）and plant type（SP） were developed. The results of genotyping showed that 22 markers could accurately classify heterozygous and two homozygous genotypes. For disease resistance，the genotypes of 27 tomato varieties showed that 90% of the tested varieties contained fi ve or more disease resistance genes，and 16 varieties contained 7-9 disease resistance genes. Six tomato varieties contained high sugar，high acid and multi-infl orescence branching genes.In addition，effi cient KASP markers were developed and genotyped for eight of these key genes to verify the stability of the molecular markers. In conclusion，the molecular markers developed in this study have important application value for improving the efficiency of resistance breeding and quality breeding in tomato and for accelerating the breeding of new varieties with high yield，high quality and disease resistance

As important type of ceruloplasmin in organism，laccase plays important role in plant growth regulation and resistance adv ersity．In this study，based on the genome and transcriptome of Amaranthus tricolor L.，the laccase gene family members of Amaranthus tricolor L.（AtrLAC）were identifi ed．Online software was used to predict the bioinformatics information．Meanwhile，the gene expression pattern was analyzed according to TPM of transcrisptome data．The results indicated that a total of 19 LAC genes were screened from Amaranthus tricolor L. genome，the AtrLAC protein ranged from 118-1 191 aa in length，the molecular weight was in the range of 13.05-135.10 kD，and the isoelectric point was about 6.49-9.85．Most of AtrLACs were hydrophilic，alkaline and stable proteins．The subcellular localization was predicted that the most of AtrLACs were outside the cell membrane or on the plasma membrane．The 19 LAC members of Amaranth tricolor L. and the 17 LAC members of Arabidopsis thaliana were clustered into 6 groups according to the phylogenetic tree．The TPM analysis showed that the expression of AtrLACs was diff erent under diff erent treatments．Among them，AtrLAC7 might play an important role in betalain synthesis，hormone regulation and light condition in betalain．