‘Baibeibei’is an early-maturing mini pumpkin F₁ hybrid by crossing inbred line ‘P3012’ as female parent and ‘P3072’ as male parent．The fruit development period is about 40 days，and the whole growth period is about 95 days in spring and 90 days in autumn．The plant exhibits strong growth potential，with dark green leaves and distinctive white silver spots near the leaf veins．The main vine produces an average of 5 to 6 fruits per plant．The fruit is of oblate，with average transverse diameter of 9.0 cm and longitudinal diameter of 6.4 cm．It features a medium-sized umbilicus，1.5 cm thick flesh and aver age single fruit weight of 250.0 g．The peel is white with shallow furrows．The flesh is milky yellow，powdery，glutinous and sweet taste．It is goo d quality，with the total sugar content is 7.5%，and the soluble solid content is 16.8%．It has good storage ability，and stronger resistance to downy mildew and gray mold t o the contrast ‘Jugua ’in fields．The yield is about 24 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for spring and autumn protected cultivation in most areas of China．

In recent years，China’s tomato industry has shown rapid development，and occupies an important position in the vegetable industry． Based on the data of 2017—2023，this paper comprehensively analyzes the development status and cost benefi ts of the tomato industry． From the perspective of the current development status，China’s tomato industry has realized annualized supply and formed six major tomato planting advantageous regions． From the point of cost-benefi t，the total cost and net profi t of tomato in China showed an upward trend from 2017 to 2023，and the cost profi t margin was in a fl uctuating state． However， the rising cost pressure and the large fl uctuation of the net profi t of facility tomato constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the tomato industry． In view of the above problems，this article proposes three perspectives of quality and efficiency paths for the tomato industry from the perspective of digital wisdom empowerment，mechanism soundness，and seed industry innovation：develop wisdom production，optimize the cost structure；build a whole chain synergistic mechanism to reduce the total cost；and promote scientifi c and technological innovation in the tomato seed industry to reduce the cost of planting and production．

China is the world’s largest exporter of processed tomato products，and the western regions possesses distinct natural advantages for tomato cultivation．However，the industry has long experienced severe fluctuations and remains in a state of reactive development focused on remedying existing gaps．This paper analyzes the current challenges facing the industry in terms of varieties，cultivation practices，harvesting，product types，and exports．It further proposes targeted strategies to enhance international competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth．These include building internationally recognized brands，diversifying and refining product lines，scientifi cally guiding market demand，improving industry regulations，and establishing a robust regulatory framework．Together，these measures aim to strengthen China’s processed tomato industry and support its long-term，healthy development．

Shandong is a dominant vegetable-producing province in China ．By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the operational status of vegetable market in Shandong in 2024，an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of the vegetable industry across key aspects，including production，pricing，supply，and distribution could be established ．The vegetable production in Shandong experienced continued growth in both cultivation scale and output in 2024 ．The wholesale prices of vegetables exhibited a year-on-year increase，maintaining an overall high-price trend throughout the year. Signififi cant price flfl uctuations were observed，with a downward trend in the fifi rst half of the year ．The market prices showed an upturn in July and maintained elevated until October，after which they declined，and only a moderated rise was noticed again in December ．An overall growth of the importation and exportation of vegetable trade occurred，with the optimized export categories and the continual expansion of the international markets ．It is anticipated that vegetable prices in Shandong will flfl uctuate within a moderate range，without signififi cant volatility in 2025 ．However，continuous monitoring of market dynamics and inflfl uencing factors remains important for the accurate

prediction of future price trends 

In order to fully and accurately grasp the development trend of China’s processed pepper industry and avoid the risks in development，the development situation and new trends of processed pepper industry were analyzed through systematic and continuous fifi eld research and data retrieval ．The results showed that the westward migration of China’s processed pepper industry was a foregone conclusion and the speed was gradually accelerated，which mainly occurred in the north of the 38 north latitude line and west of the Hu Huanyong line ．The westward migration of processed pepper industry is the process of improving international competitiveness and the need of industrial competitiveness development ．It interacts with scientific and technological innovation and brings about industrial transformation and upgrading．In this process，there are risks such as variety selection，natural disasters，market adaptability and supply chain integration．Local governments should strengthen overall planning to avoid the risk of ups and downs；establish a regional cooperation mechanism to strengthen the industrial docking between the east and the west；improve infrastructure construction and enhance the processing capacity of pepper in the west；promote the integration and development of agriculture and tourism，and build the western pepper brand．

This study investigated 21 horticultural traits of 117 pepper materials grown in Beijing，Pingliang，and Kekedala．Through multivariate statistical analysis，the phenotypic diversity and characteristics of pepper germplasm resources were analyzed．The coefficient of variation for the traits of the 117 pepper materials was wide，indicating rich phenotypic diversity．Correlation analysis revealed that the yield per plant in all three regions was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with single fruit weight，fruit flesh thickness，and fruit diameter．Principal component analysis（PCA）showed that the cumulative variance contribution rates of the first three principal components in Beijing and Pingliang were 79.680% and 76.410%，respectively，while the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first four principal components in Kekedala was 73.900%，collectively explaining most of the original trait data．Cluster analysis of phenotypic traits divided the 117 pepper materials into three groups．Resistance identification was conducted against pepper Phytophthora blight and Pepper mild mottle virus（PMMoV）．Three materials（‘Hybelle’，‘Lingjiao HP-267’，and‘ Tianjiao No.1’）with resistance or moderate resistance to Phytophthora blight were screened out，along with one PMMoV-resistant material（‘Furila’）．Based on the phenotypic data of the
117 pepper materials from the three regions，this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation，analyzing the phenotypic traits and diversity of different germplasms．This provides fundamental theoretical guidance for the breeding of high-quality and disease-resistant pepper materials and serves as an important reference for the rational utilization and innovation of pepper germplasm．

To investigate the relationship between flavor compounds and sensory characteristics in five tasty tomato cultivars，this study analyzed soluble sugars，organic acids，amino acids，and sensory attributes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS），human sensory evaluation，and electronic tongue （E-tongue）．Results indicated that‘Nongfu No.1’exhibited the highest total sugar and acid content．While ‘Yulinglong’achieved the highest sensory evaluation score，indicating its superior overall fl avor preference among consumers．A quadratic correlation was observed between sugar-to-acid ratio and sensory scores，with an optimal range（27.47-28.50）significantly enhancing sweet-sour balance and aftertaste．Principal component analysis of E-tongue data revealed similar taste profiles between‘Yulinglong’and‘ Nongfu No.1’，whereas‘Jiatelin’‘Gaoshanbaoshi’and‘Yuanwei No.1’clustered closely．Sensory scores showed signifi cant positive correlations with fructose，glucose，malic acid，and specifi c amino acids．Collectively，‘Yulinglong’demonstrated optimal fl avor performance and market potential．This study provides a scientific basis for tomato cultivar selection and quality improvement.

This study investigated the effects of exogenous 2，4-epibrassinolide（EBR）on the growth and physiology of vegetably potato seedlings（‘Ecaishu No.10’）under saline-alkali stress to establish a theoretical basis for applying EBR to alleviate stress．A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impacts of foliar spraying with different EBR concentrations under 300 mmol · L^-1 saline-alkali stress on root vitality，photosynthetic parameters（Pn，Tr，and Gs），chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics（Fo，Fm，Fv，Fv/Fo，and Fv/Fm），antioxidant enzyme activities（SOD，POD，and CAT），and osmoregulatory substance contents．Results showed that saline-alkali stress severely inhibited seedling growth：compared to the control（CK），root number，root activity，and root dry weight decreased by 46.97%，38.43%，and 47.46%，respectively；Pn，Tr，and Gs significantly declined；initial fluorescence（Fo）increased，while maximum fluorescence（Fm），variable fluorescence（Fv），PSII potential activity（Fv/Fo），and maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）decreased significantly．Malondialdehyde（MDA）content，relative electrolyte leakage，and antioxidant enzyme activities（SOD，POD，and CAT）were significantly elevated．Exogenous EBR effectively promoted root growth under stress：T3 treatment（1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR）exhibited the highest root number and root activity，increasing by 68.10% and 61.29% compared to T0（stress without EBR），while root dry weight peaked in T4（1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR）at 0.97 g per plant，with no significant difference between T3 and T4．Pn，Tr，and Gs reached maximum values under T3，increasing by 120.83%，134.02%，and 98.22% relative to T0．T3 also showed the highest proline content（35.01% increase），soluble protein content（25.70%），and soluble sugar content（33.01%）among all treatments．In conclusion，foliar application of 1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR eff ectively improved saline-alkali stress tolerance in potato seedlings by enhancing membrane stability，boosting photosynthetic efficiency，and mitigating stress-induced growth inhibitiot.

The tomato leafminer， Tuta absoluta（Meyrick）invaded into China in 2017 and it has rapidly emerged as one of the most destructive agricultural pests，causing substantial economic losses to tomato production．This paper reviewed the occurrence and damage caused by T. absoluta and the population expansion trends，the current status of pesticide resistance and the underlying mechanisms，the integrated pest management（IPM）strategies against this invasive species．Based on the existing research foundations，future research priorities and potential control strategies were discussed，aiming to provide scientifi c references for eff ectively managing this pest and developing more effi cient control technologies．

With consumption upgrading，the tomato consumption market is showing a diversified trend，and consumers’demand for high-quality tomatoes is becoming increasingly prominent．To gain insights into the pattern of China’s tomato industry amidst evolving market demands，this study conducted interviews with representatives from large domestic agricultural product wholesale markets，tomato breeding experts，and enterprises，and provided an analysis of the current status and development of China’s tomato industry．Currently，China’s tomato cultivation area continues to expand，with advantageous production regions developing rapidly. The varieties of tomatoes and cultivation methods are becoming increasingly diverse，and the market share of domestically bred varieties is gradually increasing．Molecular breeding and gene editing technologies are driving improvements in tomato breeding efficiency and the creation of disease-resistant germplasm．Moreover，the operation model of the entire tomato industry chain is emerging，and there is an urgent need to establish a tomato quality standard system to promote premium pricing for high-quality products，thereby meeting the market’s diversified and high-quality demands．

Abstract：Since 2000，the global garlic industry and import-export trades have witnessed profound transformations．To comprehensively and objectively understand the current development status of the global and Chinese garlic industries as well as the general situation of their international trade，this study analyzed data on garlic harvested area，production，yield，and import-export trade in China and worldwide，based on statistics released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO），the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC），and China Customs，combined with literature reports．The results show that Asia is the most critical garlic-producing region globally in terms of both harvested area and production，with China，India，and Bangladesh ranking among the top three in the world．China has long maintained the world’s largest harvested area and production，and its yield ranks fourth globally，approximately 50% of Kuwait’s yield-the highest level in the world ．Garlic is one of the most actively traded agricultural products internationally．In 2022，the global import volume of garlic amounted to around 2.35 million tons，valued at nearly 3 billion US dollars，while the export volume reached 2.63 million tons，valued at over 2.7 billion US dollars. Indonesia is the world’s largest garlic importer，with an import volume of 566 200 tons in 2022， accounting for 24.22% of the global total，and a value of 598 million US dollars，representing 20.10% of the total import value．China is the world’s largest garlic exporter. In 2022，China’s garlic export volume reached 2 035 900 tons，accounting for 77.42% of the global total，with an export value of 1 796 million US dollars，constituting 64.79% of the global export value．Over the past decade，China’s average international market share in garlic export volume has slightly decreased to 79.46%，while its average international market share in export value has increased to 68.78%．Spain is a country where both the average international market shares in garlic export volume and value have increased by more than 2%．In 2023，Chinese mainland garlic exports reached over 140 trading partners，and Southeast Asian countries were the main destinations，while exports to developed countries remained relatively limited．Shandong，Jiangsu，and Henan are the top three provinces in China ’s garlic exports，with their cumulative export volume and value accounting for over 92%．Despite China’s indisputable dominance in garlic harvested area，production，and export trade on the global stage， several major challenges constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry．In response to these challenges，this paper proposes suggestions for the development of China’s garlic industry．

Tomato is one of the three major traded vegetables globally and holds a significant position in international vegetable trade．Tomato virus disease is one of the common and severely damaging diseases in tomato production，and there is no cure once the plant is infected．Toma to chlorosis virus（ToCV）is transmitted by whitefl y vectors of the family Aleyrodidae in a semi-persistent，non-circulative manner．Tomato plants infected with ToCV exhibit symptoms such as leaf yellowing，interveinal chlorosis，leaf margin curling，and growth retardation，severely impacting tomato yield and quality．This article reviews the recent research progress on ToCV，discussing its distribution characteristics，host range，classifi cation and particle properties，transmission routes and characteristics，genome st ructure and function，common detection methods，and control measures．Additionally，it proposes some urgent issues to be addressed in ToCV research，aiming to provide a reference for future studies on ToCV．

番茄根腐病主要分为番茄疫霉根腐病、番茄腐霉根腐病和番茄镰孢菌根腐病，病程短、发病快、毁灭性强，一旦发病极难控制，可导致减产20%～50%，重病田块减产80%以上。从发病症状、病原、发生规律、传播途径等角度全面了解番茄根腐病，并采取综合防控措施，有利于提高防控效果。

To further promote the healthy development of China’s chili pepper industry and increase the income of chili pepper growers，based on the study of the input-output of chili pepper cultivation in China， this thesis compares the sales form of chili pepper，the scale of chili pepper，the main chili pepper producing provinces，the level of chili pepper mechanization，the chili pepper cultivation mode，and the cost-benefit ratio of chili pepper cultivation，and analyzes the factors influencing the cost-benefit ratio of chili pepper cultivation．It was found that：the income from chili pepper cultivation is unstable，and the uncertainty of income from dried chili pepper is higher than that from fresh chili pepper；the expansion of chili pepper cultivation scale does not signififi cantly enhance benefifi ts；the continuous increase in labor costs for chili pepper cultivation has reduced the income level．Based on this，countermeasures and suggestions such as introducing chili pepper cultivation and price insurance，enhancing the full mechanization level of chili pepper cultivation，and accelerating the research and development of new chili pepper varieties are proposed．

Tomato spotted wilt virus（TSWV）is a thrips-transmitted plant virus belonging to the genus Orthotospovirus within the family Bunyaviridae ．With an extensive host range，TSWV can infect over 1 000 plant species across more than 85 families，causing severe damage to economically important crops such as tomatoes，peppers，lettuce，and peanuts ．In recent years，due to climate change and the spread of thrips vectors，the global impact of TSWV has intensified．This review summarizes the host range，disease characteristics，geographical distribution，transmission mechanisms，genome structure，pathogenic mechanisms，and control strategies of TSWV，in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of the virus．

Abstract：In the soilless cultivation of tomato in intelligent greenhouse，the appropriate nutrient solution formula and its dynamic adjustment strategy are the key to achieve high quality and high yield．In this paper，the appropriate ratios of N/K，K/Ca/Mg，P/Ca，NH4+ /NO3- in diff erent growth stages of tomato were elaborated．The effects of pH，water alkalinity，hardness，total dissolved salts and EC（electrical conductivity）value of feeding water and nutrient solution on the availability of nutrients，growth and development，yield and quality of tomato were discussed．The concentration of nutrients in the nutrient

solution and the appropriate content in different parts of tomato plants were introduced．This paper also summarized the classic standard formulations of tomato nutrient solution at home and abroad，and its scope of application and changes in diff erent phenological growth periods．The feasibility of the application of organic nutrient solution in soilless cultivation of tomato were discussed．In this paper，the professional institutions，instruments and equipment and online in-situ detection methods of nutrient solution testing at home and abroad were introduced，as well as the method of dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution formula and the online decision support system for nutrient solution formula adjustment according to the target value of nutrient solution in the root zone of tomato at diff erent growth stages．It was proposed that the nutrient solution formula should

be dynamically adjusted according to different tomato varieties，growth stages，feeding water quality and climatic conditions to obtain the best yield and quality．It is s uggested that Chinese researchers should speed up the research and development of on-line in-situ detection equipment and on-line decision-making support system for dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution，narrow the gap with f oreign advanced countries，and improve the intelligent level of dynamic adjustment of nutrient solution．This paper can provide a reference for growers and technicians of soilless tomato cult ivation in intelligent greenhouses．

In 2025，the vegetable market exhibited an atypical fluctuation pattern against the dual

backdrop of frequent meteorological disasters and a profound restructuring of the industrial structure．Overall，average wholesale prices remained at a relatively low level compared to the preceding three years．Intra-year fluctuations diverged from the traditional seasonal‘M-shaped’or‘W-shaped’patterns，manifesting instead as a significant deep‘U-shaped’trajectory．During the first half of the year，supported by steady expansion in the acreage under cultivation and relatively mild climatic conditions，prices adhered to seasonal decline trends and reached an annual nadir in May．In the second half，however，the successive impacts of extreme summer rainstorms and flooding，sustained high temperatures during‘dog days’，and unseasonal strong winter cold waves induced phased gaps in supply-chain connections．This led to abnormal price surges in November and December，which remained at historical highs．On the production side，facility agriculture—accelerated by policy-driven digital and intelligent transformation—has emerged as the core pillar for urban‘vegetable basket’stability，although rigid increases in labor and agricultural input costs persistently compressed profit margins．Regarding trade，China’s vegetable exports demonstrated significant resilience amid complex international economic games；despite pronounced fluctuations in specific markets due to tariff policies，the trade surplus remained robust．Looking ahead to 2026，influenced by the prolonged La Niña state and the consumption pulse driven by the Spring Festival holiday，prices are anticipated to maintain high-level volatility at the beginning of the year．

Anthocyanins，a class of polyphenolic pigments widely present in the plant kingdom，are typically absent in tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.）fruits ．Genetic engineering and other breeding methods can be employed to develop anthocyanin-enriched tomato varieties．In recent years，signifi cant advancements had been made in the genetics and regulation of tomato anthocyanins．This paper reviews the biosynthetic pathway of tomato anthocyanins，the genetic localization of anthocyanin-related genes in plants，and the progress in genes editing tomato anthocyanin genes．These studies further elucidate the mechanisms of synthesis and regulation of tomato anthocyanins，providing theoretical support and reference for future research and innovation aimed at enhancing tomato quality through the utilization of anthocyanins．

Abstract：Edible mushroom is a green and healthy industry characterized by a long industrial chain，significant development potential and strong income-generating effects，which is a vital force for adopting an all-encompassing approach to food，an effective way to develop recycling agriculture，and an crucial breakthrough to achieve the industrialized and intelligent agriculture．By analyzing development scale， variety and regional layout，industrialized production，scientifi c and technological support system and brand building，we summarize the advantages and potentials of Chongqing edible mushroom industry in terms of resource endowment，development momentum and market demand．Based on the perspective of high-quality development of the industry，the study delves into existing challenges，including the relatively low industrial level，incomplete industrial chain，insufficient scientific and technological support，and weak mechanisms linking farmers to the industry’s benefi ts．To address these issues，the strategic objective of building a largescale， multi-billion yuan edible mushroom industry chain in Chongqing is proposed．Specifi c recommendations are outlined in three key areas：prioritizing strategic planning to drive leapfrog industrial development；promoting integrated development across the entire value chain to enhance industrial capacity；strengthening technological empowerment to overcome key industrial bottlenecks．

The paper uses the X-12-ARIMA model to analyze the seasonal fluctuations and dynamic characteristics of tomato prices．From 2004 to 2023，tomato prices seasonal fl uctuation s peaked in February each year and the price rises led by seasonal factors was 24.13% while the lowest point of seasonal fl uctuations was in July each year and the price decline was 24.83%．January，March，April，May，and December were the months when tomato prices rose seasonally，with an average increase of 19.54%，20.13%，16.44%，0.36%，and 4.62%，respectively．June，August，September，October，and November were the months of seasonal declined in tomato prices，with average declines of 20.99%，22.89%，12.02%，3.25%，and 0.52% during the study period，respectively．From a dynamic perspective，the seasonal fl uctuation range of tomato prices showed a decreasing trend，which was because the seasonal peak range showed decline trend whereas the lowest range of seasonal fl uctuations showed rising trend．Overall，the seasonal increase in tomato prices in February，March，and April showed a narrowing trend，while in December it showed an expanding trend．And the seasonal decline in tomato prices in June，July，and August also showed a narrowing trend．Tomato prices turne d from seasonal increase to decrease in May；in November，it shifted from a seasonal decline to a seasonal increase．

Taking tomato continuous cropping obstacle soil as the research subject，this study employed High Performance Liquid Chromatography（HPLC）to identify the main phenolic acids present in the soil ．Biological tests and growth curve measurements were conducted to reveal the effects of phenolic acids on tomato seed germination，seedling growth，and soil-borne pathogens．The results demonstrated that p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the two predominant phenolic acids in tomato continuous cropping soil．Compared to seed germination，these two phenolic acids exhibited more significant autotoxic effects on tomato seedling growth．Under stress conditions of 100 mg · L^-1 p-coumaric acid and 300 mg · L^-1 p-hydroxybenzoic acid，the allelopathy index of tomato seedlings both reached -1.00．Under stress concentrations of 50 mg · L^-1 p-coumaric acid and 100 mg · L-1 p-hydroxybenzoic acid，the relative chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of tomato seedlings，including net photosynthetic rate，intercellular CO₂ concentration， stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate，were significantly reduced compared with no phenolic pcids．Furthermore，within the concentration range of 200 mg·L^-1，both phenolic acids promoted the growth of the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici race 8．In conclusion，p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid in tomato continuous cropping soil impact tomato growth through dual mechanisms：directly inhibiting seedling development and stimulating the proliferation of soil-borne pathogens． 

This study examines the advancements and evolving trends within China’s vegetable industry by analyzing national science and technology award projects in the vegetable sector from 2000 to 2023．During this timeframe，45 projects in the vegetable sector received awards，predominantly the Second Prize for Scientific and Technological Progress，with the annual number of awarded projects remaining stable．Approximately 60% of the awarded achievements were concentrated in genetic breeding，with notably exceptional outcomes in the breeding of crops such as pepper，Chinese cabbage，tomato，and potato．Each of these crops has garnered four or more project awards．The average age of the primary award recipients was 53.3 years，with young and middle-aged researchers serving as the principal drivers of innovation．Universities，along with national and provincial research institutions，emerged as central innovation hubs，and collaboration among industry，academia，and research entities has been increasingly strengthened．Currently，China has attained significant advancements in various domains，including germplasm resource innovation，breakthroughs in breeding technology，optimization of cultivation methods，pest and disease management，and enhancements in processing technology．Nonetheless，there remain gaps in fundamental research and the original innovation of frontier technologies．Moving forward，it is imperative to intensify foundational research in areas such as vegetable genomics，gene cloning，and functional analysis；develop innovative breeding technologies to efficiently produce breakthrough varieties；and bolster the innovation and application of key technologies throughout the entire vegetable industry chain．These efforts aim to enhance the international competitiveness of China’s vegetable industry and foster its sustainable development．

‘Zhongyang 91’is a new sheep-horn pepper F₁ hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘HPM21076003’as female parent and‘HPF2108600 2’as male parent．The plant growth potential is strong，and low-temperature tolerance is strong．It is high resistance to tobacco mosaic virus（TMV），and moderately resistance to cucumber mosaic virus（CMV）．The fruit is of long sheep-horn，with 27-30 cm in length and 4-5 cm in diameter，three ventricles．The fruit is green color when immature and red when ripe．The VC content is 1 120 mg · kg^-1，and capsaicin content is 0.022%．The fruit surface is smooth without wrinkles，flesh thickness is 0.4 cm，and fresh taste is good．Its fruit-setting ability is strong，and single fruit weight about 110 g．The yield of fresh pepper is about 187.5 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for early spring protected planting in Shandong re gion．

中国是全球辣椒红素最大生产国（占全球总产量的70% 以上），新疆焉耆盆地光照足、温差大，所产辣椒色价高，是我国种植辣椒红素提取椒的核心产区。当地推广的色素辣椒机械化高产栽培技术已规模化应用逾4.7 万hm2（70 万亩），实现干辣椒每667 m2产量700 kg 以上（高产田达1 100 kg），较常规种植增产10%，采用机械化可降低人工成本50% 以上。

Abstract：Sugar transporter proteins（STPs）are an important class of important monosaccharide transporter proteins that play a crucial roles in plant growth and development．In this study，we used bioinformatics methods were used to identify and analyze the CmSTP gene family in melon（Cucumis melo L.），and the chromosome distribution，gene structure，evolutionary and collinearity relationship，promoter sequence，tissue expression were further characterized. The results showed that the CmSTP gene family contains 18 members，named CmSTP1 to CmSTP18 in sequence，which were unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes except for chromosome 1，3，10 and 11．All 18 genes contain at least one introns，and most of them contain three introns．In the phylogenetic tree analysis，showed that theall 18 CmSTP genes were divided into three subfamilies．Collinearity analysis revealed that there were thirteen pairs of genes with collinearity relationship were identified between melon and tomato，and seven pairs between melon and Arabidopsis thaliana were identified.The analysis of promoter sequences analysis identified various hormones and light-responsive cisregulatory elements．The expression analysis showed that 12 CmSTP genes expressed only in specific tissue，indicating that they may act different functions in different tissues or development stages of melon．These results lay a foundation for further investigation into exploring the functions of the STP gene family in regulating the growth and development of melon plants．

To provide reference for the development and utilization of taste type onion germplasm resources through the comprehensive quality evaluation of taste type onion，this study analyzed and evaluated the nutrient composition，amino acid composition，volatile substances，flavonoids and phenolic acid indexes of representative conventional onion（pink skin onion，yellow skin onion）and taste type onion（yellow outer skin）in Gansu Province as test materials．The results showed that the taste type onion was significantly better than the conventional onion in terms of nutritional quality，in which the content of soluble sugar was more than 1.5 times that of the conventional onion，the content of soluble protein was higher than that of the yellow and pink onion by 114.29% and 36.67%，respectively，and the content of organic acid was higher than that of the yellow and pink onion by 124.39% and 58.62%，respectively；at the same time，the textural properties of the taste type onion were better than that of the conventional onion．The texture characteristics of the taste type onion are moderate compared to conventional onions in terms of hardness and elasticity．Additionally，it has a significant advantage in its functional characteristics，particularly in polyphenol content，which is increased by 33.34% and 87.15% compared to yellow and pink skin onions，respectively．In addition，the taste type onion volatile flavor substances content is lower than the pink skin and yellow skin onions，respectively，67.79% and 38.57% lower．In particular，it did not detect irritating sulfur compounds，so the pungent taste is lighter，more suitable for raw food．Therefore，the pungent flavor is lighter and more suitable for raw food．In conclusion，the taste type onion is significantly better than the conventional onion in terms of nutritional quality，texture，and functional properties，and has better food quality and health effects，which is of high value for development and utilization．

Abstract：Peppers are an essential vegetable and economic crop in China．Capsaicinoids are a class of natural secondary metabolites unique to the fruits of the genus Capsicum，which give peppers their pungency． The degree of pungency in peppers is controlled by genotypes and infl uenced by environmental factors．This paper reviewd the species，distribution and accumulation characteristics，biosynthesis，genetic regulation of pungency and its infl uencing factors of capsaicinoids．The current research status on capsaicinoid biosynthesis was summarized，and existing issues were discussed to provide a reference for future studies on the biosynthetic regulation of capsaicinoids and pungency in peppers．

Abstract：In view of the major problems in celery production in Hebei Province，such as continuous cropping obstacles and frequenet occurence of diseases and pests，this paper carried out investigations and research on the basis situation of celery planting scale，planting mode，cropping arrangement，as well as the types and control of major diseases and pests．The results show that celery cultivation in Hebei Province is mainly concentrated in spring，autumn and winter，with open fi eld and facility cultivation，and chemical agents are often used to control diseases and pests of celery．In addition，Bradysia dodriphaga and bulb mite， which are underground pests of celery，were newly discovered．Meanwhile，countermeasures and suggestions for celery planting were put forward from the aspects of agricultural control，physical control，biological control and chemical control，to achieve the green and efficient development of celery industry in Hebei Province．

Yujiao No.10’is a new three-line hybrid pepper developed by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile line ‘PC134A’ as female parent and inbred restorer line ‘PC195’ as male parent．It is of mid-maturing，with plant height about 70 cm and breadth about 50 cm．The first flower sets on the 11th node．The fruit is horn-shaped，with green ripe fruit color is light green，old ripe fruit color is red，slightly wrinkled，concave，crisp，good taste．The average fruit longitudinal diameter is 20.6 cm，diameter is 4.5 cm，flesh thickness is 0.37 cm，single fruit weight is 98 g，VC content is 1 100.0 mg·kg-1．It is resistant to TMV and anthracnose，moderately resistant to CMV and phytophthora blight．The yield is about 60 t·hm-2．It is suitable for early spring planting in protected fields in Henan Province．

High-temperature stress is an important environmental factor limiting the growth and
development of tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.），while melatonin（melatonin，MT），as a multifunctional
plant growth regulator，plays an important role in enhancing plant stress resistance．This study investigated the
regulatory eff ects of exogenous melatonin（ 200 μmol · L^-1）on the growth and physiological characteristics of
tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress（38 °C/25 °C，day/night）．The results indicated that hightemperature stress signifi cantly inhibited seedling growth，reducing plant height，stem diameter，leaf length，
and leaf width by 25.6%，30.6%，20.6%，and 27.5%，respectively．At the same time，malondialdehyde
（MDA）content and relative conductivity increased signifi cantly．Melatonin treatment restored plant height and stem diameter to the control level at normal temperature，and signifi cantly reduced the MDA content on the 6th
and 9th days after treatment and the relative conductivity content on the Day 3, Day 6, and Day 9 after treatment，
thereby maintaining membrane integrity．High-temperature stress induced increased activities of activities of
superoxide dismutase（SOD），catalase（CAT），and peroxidase（POD）in tomato seedlings，and melatonin
further enhanced the activities of SOD，CAT，and POD．Additionally，melatonin promoted the accumulation
of osmoregulatory substances ，and the proline content increased by 67.9%．Comprehensive analysis suggests that
melatonin alleviated heat-induced damage by enhancing antioxidant defense and osmoregulation capacity．

‘Huiti No.1’is a mid-early maturing thin-skinned melon F₁ hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘BC1（M628621361/Boyang 61）-59-1-1-15-8’as female parent with‘BM18010-S-2-4-18-1’as male parent．In spring greenhouse cultivation，the total growth period is about 103 days with 38 days fruit development period，while in autumn greenhouse cultivation，it requires about 78 days for total growth period and 33 days for fruit development． The plant exhibits is a semi-erect growth habit with vigorous vegetative growth．It is moderately resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew．The fruit is of short-elliptical，with gray-green rind and greenish-white flesh，averaging 0.68 kg in weight．The central soluble solids content is 15.4%，crispy texture and rich fl avor．The yield is about 37.5 t · hm^-2

．It is suitable for spring and autumn protected cultivation in the lower Yangtze River region（Jiangsu，Zhejiang，Shanghai，and Anhui）．

To compare with the imported large-fruited tomato variety‘ Yarimaru’ ，three domestic tomato varieties（‘502’‘H2106’‘H2103’）were studied．By monitoring environmental factors in the greenhouse ，the dynamic changes of agronomic traits ，yield and fruit quality of diff erent tomato varieties under long-season
cultivation in multi span greenhouse and the relationship between environmental factors were analyzed ．The
results showed that the plant height of the imported variety ‘ Yarimaru’ was 8.23 m ，the single fruit weight
ranging was 115-288 g ，the fruit hardness was 2.10 -5.20 kg · cm-2 ，the soluble solid content（SSC）was
4.03%-5.43% ，and the yield was 53.44 kg · m-2 higher than the other three varieties ；The single fruit weight o f
‘H2103 ’ was 101-274 g ，the soluble solid content was 3.46%-5.30% ，and the yield was 48.50 kg · m-2 ．The
soluble solid content of ‘ 502 ’and ‘ H2106’ were 3 .51%-5.13% and 3.05%-4.60%， and the yield was 45.26
and 44.26 kg · m-2， respectively． The average content of VC and lycopene in‘ Yarimaru’ is also higher than that
in the other three varieties．Through the comparative analysis of the annual environmental factor measurement
data ，the medium fruit tomato variety ‘ Yarimaru ’ needs lower eff ective accumulated temperature per leaf growth
than the domestic variety ，up to 19.62 ℃ · d ，and requires 857.82 μmol · m-2 · s-1 of photosynthetically active
radiation ，which indicates that the imported variety needs lower accumulated temperature and photosynthetically
active radiation per leaf growth and fruit growth per ear under the condition of relatively high yield ，reducing
energy consumption． Meanwhile， the domestic variety ‘ H2103’ also exhibits notable high-yield potential．
These results provides a scientifi c basis for tomato variety selection ，high-effi ciency breeding ，and resource
utilization in long-season cultivation within multi-span intelligent greenhouses.

From the perspective of trade flow，this study combines social network theory with trade indicators to investigate the changes and patterns in the global vegetable seed trade pattern，and to identify the supply security of Chinese vegetable seeds．The results indicate that the global vegetable seed trade network continues to expand in scale，with increasing network density and enhanced trade accessibility．The position of core countries such as the Netherlands，the United States，and France in the internet is stable，and they have always been at the forefront in terms of trade intensity，trade independence，and trade control．The Chinese vegetable seed industry is increasingly integrated into the global vegetable seed cycle．While gaining international division of labor benefifi ts，external market inflfl uence is gradually increasing，but overall risks are controllable．Propose to strengthen technological innovation and intellectual property protection as important measures to consolidate the foundation of food security and seed source security；to build an innovation ecosystem for the seed industry，strengthen industrial collaboration，and guide enterprises to specialize and deeply cultivate advantageous areas；we need to strengthen our overseas layout，deepen international cooperation and division of labor in the seed industry，and other policy recommendations．

This study aimed to develop kompetitive allele specific PCR（KASP）markers suitable for genotyping and fingerprint map construction of watermelon germplasms，so as to enhance the protection of watermelon germplasm resources，variety identification，and genetic improvement．Based on the highquality single nucleotide polymorphism sites（SNPs）identified through the re-sequencing data analysis of watermelon，50 KASP markers were designed and employed for genotyping 43 watermelon accessions．Genetic diversity was assessed via cluster analysis and fingerprinting．The overall success rate of KASP marker design was 40.0%，with signifi cant variations across chromosomes．Notably，chromosomes 1 and 7 had the highest success rate of 75.0%．Sixteen optimal KASP markers were selected for genotyping the 43 watermelon accessions．Their genotyping results were used to establish standardized fi ngerprint maps，which were then encoded into two-dimensional codes．This allows for quick retrieval of genetic information and identifi cation of watermelon materials．Cluster analysis revealed that watermelon accessions from Citrullus amarus predominantly formed a distinct clade with close genetic relationship．In contrast，accessions from Citrullus mucosospermus and Citrullus lanatus were broadly distributed across multiple branches，indicating signifi cant genetic divergence and complexity．This research has successfully established and applied KASP technology for watermelon，off ering a new tool for watermelon genetic research and germplasm resource evaluation．It also provides a scientifi c basis for watermelon cultivar identifi cation and germplasm management．

To identify hub genes involved in tomato resistance to gray mold，transcriptome sequencing was performed on leaves of tomato high-generation inbred line‘E6203’seedlings before and after infection．Weighted gene co-expression network analysis（WGCNA）was employed to screen for hub genes associated with tomato resistance to Botrytis cinerea．The results showed that WGCNA identifi ed 13 co-express ion gene modules，of which two modules were associated with the early response a nd two modules were associated with the late response to B. cinerea infection in tomato．Functional enrichment analysis revealed that primary metabolic processes were downregulated after B. cinerea infection，while defense response processes were activated．Further analysis of hub genes within these modules led to the identifi cation of 4 candidate genes，including CDIP，DJC17，NATA2，and NPF6.4，that may be involved in regulating resistance to gray mold．The defense response to B. cinerea in tomato mainly involves pathways such as glycogen catabolic，pyridinecontaining compound catabolic ，and membrane protein proteolysis．

Abstract：To investigate the changes in soil microbial community structure and its relationship with soil
chemical properties under different years of continuous tomato cultivation in greenhouses，high-throughput
sequencing was employed to analyze the bacterial communities in soils subjected to 1 year（C1），4 years （C4），7 years（C7），and 10 years（C10）of continuous tomato cropping．Soil chemical properties and
their correlations with microbial communities were also assessed．The results showed that，compared with
the C1 treatment，the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，
and the Shannon and Simpson indices of soil microbial diversity were significantly decreased in the C4，
C7，and C10 treatments．The composition of soil bacterial communities also changed．At the phylum
level，the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Rokubacteria signifi cantly increased in the C4，C7，and
C10 treatments compared to C1，while the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Patescibacteria in the soil
significantly decreased in the C4 and C10 treatments．At the genus level，compared with C1 treatment，in
the C4 treatment，the relative abundances of MND1，Rubrobacter，RB41，67-14，Nitrospira，MB-A2-
108， Rokubacteriales，bacteriap25，and IMCC26256 in the soil were significantly increased，while those
of Ellin6067，Haliangium、A4b were significantly decreased．In the soil of C7 treatment，the relative
abundances of Sphingomonas，Rubrobacter，67-14，RB41，Rokubacteriales，Gaiella，and Blastococcus
signifi cantly increased，whereas SBR1031，Ellin6067，Haliangium，A4b decreased．In the C10 treatment，
the relative abundance of Gitt-GS-136 signifi cantly decreased．With increasing years of continuous cropping，
the relative abundances of certain OTUs changed markedly．Specifically，OTU_2108，OTU_13084，
OTU_105436，OTU_23455，OTU_52896，OTU_58127，OTU_46318，and OTU_51042 showed an initial
increase followed by a decline．Redundancy analysis indicated that soil electrical conductivity（EC），available
phosphorus，and available potassium were the main factors infl uencing the distribution of dominant bacterial
genera in continuously cropped soils．In summary，long-term continuous monoculture led to changes in the
soil environment，nutrient depletion，and signifi cant impacts on the structure of soil microbial communities．

To explore cultivation techniques for shallow and directional high-efficiency production of Chinese yam（Dioscorea opposite Thunb.），this study established two treatments in plastic greenhouses：slope surface coverage with straw and thermal blankets（FG）versus non-coverage control（CK）. The research investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil temperature variation in directional trough and explored temperature effff ects on leaf physiological properties and tuber characteristics. Results demonstrated that during the tuber expansion stage，the FG treatment effectively reduced diurnal variation amplitude of maximum，minimum，and average soil temperatures in the directional trough. This coverage significantly increased chlorophyll content in aboveground leaves while decreasing proline and soluble protein levels. Additionally，it reduced malondialdehyde（MDA）content and antioxidant enzyme activities（POD，SOD，APX）.Furthermore，the temperature-modulating coverage decreased tuber deformity rate and crude fiber content，while significantly enhancing protein，amylose，and total sugar contents in tubers. These findings suggest that straw and thermal blanket coverage effectively optimizes soil thermal conditions and improves both physiological metabolism and tuber quality in Chinese yam cultivation.

Excessive application of water and fertilizer，continuous cropping are conventional management in the intensive cropping system in protected vegetable production．The intensive cropping system always induce soil deterioration，which constrains high efficient and quality production of vegetable．Based on the domestic and international researches，this manuscript systematically reviewed the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of soil obstacle．Furthermore，the inducements of soil obstacle were addressed considering agronomic management of fertilization and continuous cropping．Lastly，the present manuscript summarized the current ecological prevention of soil obstacle，which provides reference for the improvement of soil quality in greenhouse vegetable production．

To elucidate the host range of pepper vein yellows virus（PeVYV），twenty-one plant species

from seven distinct families were inoculated with virus-carrying cotton aphids．After a period of twenty days， the infection status of the tested plants was assessed through symptom observation and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（ RT-PCR）detection．The results indicated that plant species from four families （Solanaceae，Compositae，Cucurbitaceae，and Brassicaceae）were successfully inoculated with PeVYV and exhibited symptoms including yellowing，mosaic patterns，and mottling．Conversely，plants from the Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae families did not display the typical symptoms associated with viral infection；however，the presence of the virus was confirmed via RT-PCR．No viral symptoms were observed in plants from the Fabaceae family，and the virus was not detected within this family．Thus，PeVYV is capable

of infecting host plants such as pepper， tobacco，tomato，eggplant，petunia，cabbage，radish，watermelon，leaf lettuce，and stem lettuce．These findings suggest that PeVYV possesses a broad host range and has a significant potential for epidemic development．

The rational utilization of saline water can improve the quality of fruits on the basis of conserving freshwater resources．To investigate the effects of saline water stress on cucumber at the metabolite level，a cucumber study was conducted in April 2022．This study used’Jinyou 209’cucumber as the research object，treated with 5 g · L^-1 saline water stress，and compared with conventional freshwater irrigation．This study was based on widely targeted metabolomics analyses and volatile metabolomics analysis to explore the changes in metabolites of cucumber fruit under saline water stress．For the widely targeted metabolome，321 diffff erential metabolites were screened under saline water stress．Amino acids and derivatives are the main upregulated metabolites，while lipids are the main downregulated metabolites．The various metabolites of amino acids and derivatives are used as osmolytes，antioxidants，etc. to alleviate saline water stress on cucumbers，and the various metabolites of lipids are more commonly used to synthesize volatile organic compounds under saline water stress．For the volatile organic compounds，a total of 119 differential metabolites were screened under saline water stress，of which 110 were upregulated，mainly terpenes．The upregulated volatile metabolites provide flavor characteristics such as woody，fruity，sweet，and citrus in cucumber fruit．Saline water stress improves the flavor quality of cucumber fruits by affecting the metabolism of amino acids and derivatives，lipids，terpenes，and other compounds．