ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
The periodical characteristics of seed using watermelon production and main achievements gained in scientific research were reviewed，and this paper also analyzed the major problems existing in seed using watermelon production， such as slow update of cultivars，difficulty in disease control and insufficient comprehensive utilization， etc. Before ending， the paper put forward suggestions for future development as strengthening comprehensive utilization of produces，simplifying techniques，diversifying the cultivars，integrating pest management practices and collaborating in scientific research innovation.
There is a direct or indirect relationship between plant trichomes and insect resistance，drought tolerance，salt tolerance，disease resistance and ultraviolet radiation，which has important and potential utilization values in resistance breeding．Taking high generation inbred lines of pastel‘1789M’，no pastel chili‘1788W’and their F1、F2 population as the test materials，this experiment observed the morphological characteristics，distribution characteristics of pepper surface trichomes，and studied the genetic regulation of trait and fixed the gene combining the segregation population analysis（BSA）．The results showed that the pepper trichomes are formed part of the epidermal cells jest upward，pepper is given priority to with upright no branch fuzz and density is different in different parts of the plant，generally young stem ＞ matured stem ＞ positive leaf ＞back leaf. We found a pair of dominant nuclear genes controlled pepper trichomes formation，and the pepper gene location was on chromosome 10，the SSR markers between ssr10-19 to ssr10-21．The genetic distance between these 2 markers and the trichomes gene were 5.3 cM and 13.3 cM，respectively．
In 2014，severe interveinal chlorosis of typical Tomato chlorosis virus Tomato chlorosis virus （ToCV） symptom infections were observed in greenhouse tomato plants in Zhengzhou，Jiyuan，Xinzheng，Zhongmou and Fugou region of Henan Province. The disease samples from these 5 regions were collected，and a Reverse Transcript-PCR assay was used to detect the virus with total RNA isolated from the disease samples by specific primers of ToCV HSP70h. About 460 bp PCR product was obtained. The PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. The result showed that they had the highest identity（＞ 99%）with that of ToCV. This result also indicated that ToCV is one of the main chlorosis disease pathogen in tomato of Henan Province.
Two strategies were adopted to enhance the water-soluble prokaryotic expression of potato leafloll virus CP gene. Firstly， 5 chaperone-expression plasmids were transformed into the recombinant E. coli strain TOP10（pBAD-LRCP）， respectively. Restriction endonuclease digestion identification indicated that the yielding trans-formants contained both pBAD-LRCP and chaperone plasmid. After induction with L-arabinose or L-arabinose and tetracycline， PLRV-CP gene and chaperone gene were both expressed， and recombinant PLRV-CP band was observed in SDS-PAGE pattern of the supernatant protein from the trans-formanat， water-soluble expression of PLRV-CP gene was enhanced by the presence of chaperone protein. Secondly， PLRV-CP gene was inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pCold Ⅰ in direct orientation and cold-shock expression vector of PLRV-CP gene named pCold-LRCP was constructed. The recombinant strain BL21（ pCold-LRCP） was cultured at 15 ℃ for 24 hours to induce the expression of PLRV-CP gene. Obvious PLRV-CP band was found in SDSPAGE analysis of water-soluble protein of the recombinant strain. The results showed that chaperone and coldshock protein gene（ cspA） promoter both enhanced water-soluble expression of PLRV-CP gene， and the soluble
expression level of cspA promoter was higher than that of the chaperones.
16S rDNA-PCR-DGGE was used to analyze the bacterial community dynamic changes in rhizosphere soil infected by cucumber Fusarium wilt. There are 5 rhizosphere soil samples， including pre-planting soil， pre-inoculation soil， diseased cucumber and healthy cucumber after inoculation， not inoculated as the control. Total DNA was directly extracted and amplified with F338-GC and R518 primers targeting the 16S rDNA
V3. The amplified were analyzed by DGGE analysis. The result revealed that there was a high diversity of bacterial community compositions among different tested soil samples. Fusarium caused a great bacterial species and number changes in rhizosphere soil， of which Rhodococcus phenolicus， Clostridium sp. and 3 uncultured bacteria increased， another 2 uncultured bacteria reduced after inoculation.
Glucosinolate components and contents in 15 cauliflower（Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.）varieties from 3 types，were tested by HPLC method．The result indicated that 9 different components of glucosinolate were detected，including 5 aliphatic glucosinolates（Glucoiberin，Progoitrin，Sinigrin，
Glucoraphanin，Gluconapin），and 4 indolic glucosinolates（4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin，Glucobrassicin，4-Methoxyglucobrassicin，Neoglucobrassicin）．The indolic glucosinolates contents of each variety were higher than that of aliphatic glucosinolate．Among them，the major glucosinolate contents of cauliflower Neoglucobrassicin and Glucobrassicin took 42.61% and 35.02% of the total glucosinolates，respectively．There
were big differences in total glucosinolates content of different cauliflower varieties．The variation scope was between 0.332 3-4.872 8 μmol·g-1（FW）．The total glucosinolates content of purple-head cauliflower was the highest，loosen-head cauliflower took the second place，and compact-head cauliflower was the least．
Taking pepper（Capsicum frutescens L.）‘Xiangyan No.5’ as material， this experiment applied water controlled pot cultivation under 2 different drought stresses（ mild， and moderate） conditions， and studied the effect of drought stress on pepper contents of capsaicin， dihydrocapsaicin and vitamin C， and the changes in leaf blade photosynthetic characters. The result showed that the contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were increased 63.36% and 63.03%， respectively than the control under mild drought stress 60 days after flowering. It also showed that 40 days and 50 days after flowering， different degrees of drought stress could remarkably improve the contents of vitamin C in pepper. Sixty days after flowering， mild drought treatment could push the vitamin C content to the highest level， while the moderate drought stress could make the vitamin C content lower than that of the contrast. After the treatment of different degree drought stress， the net photosynthetic rate of pepper plant shew the tendency of firstly increase then decline， and gradually decreased along with the enhancement of drought degree.
Taking tomato cultivar‘ Shijia101’（ highly susceptible to root-knot nematode） and ‘Jingxuanhongtao’（middle resistant to root-knot nematode） as experimental material， this paper studied the effect of root-knot nematode （Meloidogyne incognita） infection on leaf blade chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of different tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L.） varieties， by pot cultivation in greenhouse and artificial inoculation at seedling stage. The result indicated that nematode infection led the leaf blade chlorophyll content reduced， the maximal photochemical efficiency（ Fv/Fm） and actual photochemical efficiency（ ΦPS Ⅱ）were all reduced. Whereas the non-photochemical quenching coefficient（ NPQ） was firstly increased， then
declined. There were remarkable differences among varieties with different resistances. Among them， the decline range in chlorophyll content， Fv/Fm and ΦPS Ⅱ of‘ Shijia101’ was bigger than that of‘ Jingxuanhongtao’.There were significant differences in NPQ of these 2 varieties， 10 days after infection. The increasing range of ‘Jingxuanhongtao’ was remarkably bigger than that of‘ Shijia101’. Obviously， the effect of nematode infection on leaf blade of‘ Jingxuanhongtao’ was smaller than‘ Shijia101’. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，Fv/Fm， ΦPS Ⅱ and NPQ can be the physical reference indexes for identifying tomato varieties with resistance to root-knot nematode， and the parameter NPQ is the most suitable one.
Taking strawberry‘Hongyan’ as test material，this study compared the effects of PO and PE film covering materials on greenhouse environment conditions，including temperature，humidity，illumination and strawberry yield and quality in over-winter sunlight greenhouse. The results showed that using PO film the average temperature of greenhouse was about 1 ℃ higher than that using PE film. The heat preservation was better，humidity was suitable，and lightening effect was also good in greenhouse using PO film. Besides，the strawberry yield increased by 23.27%，rotten fruit percentage was reduced ，contents of soluble solids and VC，sugar/acid ratio were all increased obviously，and the strawberry tasted even better.
‘ Jinlingkeyu’ ia a F1 hybrid of cherry tomato developed by crossing‘ JS-CT-9320’ as female parent and‘ JSTY-CT-1021’ as male parent. It is highly resistant to TYLCV，containing resistant gene Ty-2. The plant is of limited growth type. Its fruit is of round shape. The matured fruit is pink in color. The single fruit weight is about 25 g. The average fruit soluble solid content is about 90%. Its fruit has good flavor. It can yield 75 t·hm-2 。It is suitable to be planted in protected fields in Jiangsu Province and surrounding areas.
‘Longjiao No.14’ is a new sweet pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line C2 as female parent and 04-12-6 as male parent. It is of early maturity and its growing period is about 105 days. Its fruit is of lantern shape with smooth and depressed peel. Its thin flesh is crisp and sweet. The matured fruit is red in color. The thickness of flesh is 0.3-0.4 cm. It is tolerant to weak light，high and low temperatures．Its resistances to CMV and phytophthora blight are strong. It is mid-resistant to anthracnose. Its single fruit weight is over 120 g. It can yield about 40.5 t·hm-2. It is suitable to be cultivated in protected and open fields in early spring in Heilongjiang Province．
‘Fuguan’ is a heat-resistant non-heading Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid breeding by crossing sensitive male sterile line Bm3 with inbred line S5. It is tolerant to heat and flood. It grows quickly. It takes about 35 days from sowing to harvest in summer and autumn planting. The plant is about 20 cm in height， 21 cm in width. It has 14 leaves， which are of oval shape and green in color. Its crude cellulose content is low. It has good commodity.It can yield about 22.5 t·hm-2 in Fujian. Its resistances to downy mildew， black rot， soft rot are stronger than that of the contrast‘ Xiadi’. It is suitable to be cultivated in summer and autumn in Fujian Province.
‘Zhongfenghongqie’ is an eggplant F1 hybrid developed by crossing HY8 as female parent and GD6 as male parent. It is of medium maturity. The plant has strong growth vigor. It is resistant to heat. Its harvesting period is long，and its branching ability is medium. Its first fruit sets at the 7-8th section in the main vine. The fruit is of stick shape with deep red- purple peel and milk white flesh. Its fruit quality is good. The single fruit weighs about 0.27 kg. The fruit is 19.9 cm in length and 5.6 cm in diameter. Its average yield is 68.4 t·hm-2. It is suitable to be cultivated in Hunan，Hubei，Yunnan，Sichuan，Chongqing，etc.
