Abstract：In order to clarify the quality characteristics of screw pepper，the fl avor quality related indexes（types and contents of capsaicinoids，volatile compounds，etc）and some other quality indexes of smoothskinned pepper‘Sujiao No.9’（S9，as control）and 9 varieties of screw pepper fruits（green ripening stage） were determined，and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using membership function and principal component analysis（PCA）methods．The results showed that the capsaicinoids content of screw pepper varied，with the spiciness level of 7-8．A total of 222 volatile compounds were detected in 10 varieties of pepper，among which screw peppers were 28-62 more than smooth-skinned pepper（S9）and the average content was 55.19% higher．The main aroma types of screw pepper were green，floral and aldehydic，and the aroma-active compounds such as hexanal，（E）-2-Hexenal，octanal and 1-Octen-3-ol might be the key compounds to form the unique flavor of screw pepper．In addition，compared with smooth-skinned pepper S9，the fruit hardness of screw peppers were 36.44%-47.97% lower，and the vitamin C content were 17.09%-
95.47% higher．The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the fruit quality score ranking of screw pepper was higher than that of smooth-skinned pepper（S9）．Overall，screw pepper has the advantages of low hardness，high vitamin C content，rich volatile compounds and intense fl avor，and the fruit quality is better than smooth-skinned pepper．

Abstract：In 2024，the general market prices of vegetables predominantly adhered to the typical pattern of annual seasonal fluctuations．Nevertheless，during the summer-autumn periods，the prices tended to operate at relatively elevated levels．Owing to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions and their sustained eff ects，it is anticipated that the upward trajectory of vegetable prices in the current winter and the forthcoming spring will be less steep compared to previous years，with a potentially longer duration of the price-increasing cycle．Taking into account the fact that the overall vegetable prices were on the higher side in 2024 and the acreage under cultivation has increased year-on-year，it is projected that the overall supply of vegetables in the spring of 2025 will be ensured．

China is the world’s largest producer of vegetables，with vegetables being the primary export category of Chinese agricultural products，accounting for 16.157% of agricultural exports in 2022．In the context of the RCEP agreement’s signing and implementation，it is highly significant to explore the status and potential of China’s vegetable trade with its partners to deepen the positive eff ects of exports and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese vegetables．The study utilizes panel data of China’s vegetable export trade to RCEP partners from 2006 to 2022，constructs a stochastic frontier gravity model and a trade inefficiency model，empirically analyzes China’s trade efficiency and its influencing factors with respect to RCEP partners，and measures the export potential of each country．The results indicate that the economic level，population size，economic disparity，vegetable yields，and trade environment of China and RCEP partners significantly impact vegetable exports．The rule of law，economic institutional environment，and infrastructure level of RCEP partners positively infl uence the effi ciency of vegetable exports．However，the level of integrity in export destinations and improvements in government effi ciency，conversely，negatively aff ect trade effi ciency．The average effi ciency of China’s vegetable exports to RCEP partners over the years is 0.667，though there are signifi cant diff erences among the countries within the RCEP partnership．China should continue to enhance the quality of its vegetable exports，expedite the implementation of the RCEP agreement，and further expand the depth and breadth of its cooperation with RCEP partners to reduce trade resistance and promote the continued growth of vegetable export volumes.

Abstract：In order to establish a practical quality evaluation system for fresh edible cucumber，this study took 31 cucumber varieties collected from 3 ecological types as test materials，carried out fl avor sensory index evaluation，and combined with nutritional quality index，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis method．The results showed that：among the North China type cucumber varieties，the flavor sensory evaluation of‘Shuyancuiyu’was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.83；among the South China cucumber varieties，‘Tangshan autumn cucumber’ flavor sensory evaluation was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.50；among the European greenhouse cucumber varieties，‘Lvyuanxingfu’flavor had the best sensory evaluation，with a comprehensive score of 30.65．Five principal components were obtained by principal component analysis，covering 77.612% of the original information．The comprehensive scores of 31 cucumber varieties were obtained by establishing a comprehensive quality evaluation model F =0.315F1 + 0.265F2 + 0.163F3 + 0.145F4 + 0.112F5．The South China cucumber variety‘ Tiantianzhai’，the North China cucumber variety‘ Shuyancuiyu’，and the European greenhouse cucumber variety‘ Thumb fruit cucumber’，scored the highest among their respective ecological types，which can be used as diff erent types of fresh cucumber varieties for selection and application．The results of this study provided theoretical basis and technical support for variety selection and quality evaluation of fresh cucumber．

The overall market situation for potatoes in China in 2024 is sluggish,with the monthly wholesale average price of potatoes consistently lower than the same period in 2023.The annual price of potatoes in 2024 is in the low position of the past decade.It is expected that the potato market price will remain lower than the same period in 2024 in the early part of 2025,and the potato market price will increase year-on-year in the later part.At present,the potato industry in China still faces problems such as increasingly serious soil borne diseases,weak international competitiveness of potato starch,and urgent need to improve order fulfillment rates．It is recommended that all regions strengthen the prevention and control of soil borne diseases,support the development of potato processing industry,improve the mechanism of interest linkage between enterprises and farmers,and promote the high-quality development of China’s potato industry．

‘Baibeibei’is an early-maturing mini pumpkin F₁ hybrid by crossing inbred line ‘P3012’ as female parent and ‘P3072’ as male parent．The fruit development period is about 40 days，and the whole growth period is about 95 days in spring and 90 days in autumn．The plant exhibits strong growth potential，with dark green leaves and distinctive white silver spots near the leaf veins．The main vine produces an average of 5 to 6 fruits per plant．The fruit is of oblate，with average transverse diameter of 9.0 cm and longitudinal diameter of 6.4 cm．It features a medium-sized umbilicus，1.5 cm thick flesh and aver age single fruit weight of 250.0 g．The peel is white with shallow furrows．The flesh is milky yellow，powdery，glutinous and sweet taste．It is goo d quality，with the total sugar content is 7.5%，and the soluble solid content is 16.8%．It has good storage ability，and stronger resistance to downy mildew and gray mold t o the contrast ‘Jugua ’in fields．The yield is about 24 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for spring and autumn protected cultivation in most areas of China．

Abstract：‘Huangti No.1’is a new yellow-flesh small-fruit watermelon F₁ hybrid，which developed by crossing inbred line‘Tianyi 2054’as female parent and‘Huangti 1804’as male parent．The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor．It is of early-maturing，with total growth period of about 107 days and fruit development period of about 35 days in spring facility cultivation．The fruit shape is nearly round，with light green rind and sharp-toothed stripes．The flesh color is light yellow，tender and juicy taste，with central soluble solids content of 12.1% and edge soluble solids content of 8.5%．The single fruit weight is about 3.2 kg， and the yield is about 45 t · hm-2．It is resistance to Fusarium wilt，and moderate resistance to anthracnose．It is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang，Shanghai，Jiangsu under spring greenhouse conditions．

In the context of building a trade power,this paper integrates multi-platform data such as the National Bureau of Statistics,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,and China Customs．Based on the current situation of import and export trade,this paper explores the main factors influencing China's international vegetable trade from the aspects of emergencies,export tariffs,green barriers and extreme weather．Policy suggestions for expanding export trade are put forward from four aspects,namely,the optimization of vegetable varieties,the construction and layout of export bases,breakthroughs and innovations in technological bottlenecks,and the overall planning of both domestic and international markets as well as two kinds of resources.

‘Longshu No.23’is a new processing type potato variety selected through sexual hybridization with‘Yan 97-8’as female parent and‘L0404-6’as male parent．It is of medium-late maturity．Its growth period is about 95 days，a large and medium-sized potato rate of about 80%．The average single potato weight is of 115.5 g，and 7.25 potatoes per plant．The plant is semi upright．Its tuber is of round，with yellow skin，light yellow fl esh，and shallow bud eyes．The dry matter content is 24.83%，and starch content is 18.36%．It can yield about 45 t·hm-2．It is suitable for planting in the northern regions of Gansu，Shaanxi，Xinjiang，Qinghai，and Ningxia．

In recent years，China’s tomato industry has shown rapid development，and occupies an important position in the vegetable industry． Based on the data of 2017—2023，this paper comprehensively analyzes the development status and cost benefi ts of the tomato industry． From the perspective of the current development status，China’s tomato industry has realized annualized supply and formed six major tomato planting advantageous regions． From the point of cost-benefi t，the total cost and net profi t of tomato in China showed an upward trend from 2017 to 2023，and the cost profi t margin was in a fl uctuating state． However， the rising cost pressure and the large fl uctuation of the net profi t of facility tomato constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the tomato industry． In view of the above problems，this article proposes three perspectives of quality and efficiency paths for the tomato industry from the perspective of digital wisdom empowerment，mechanism soundness，and seed industry innovation：develop wisdom production，optimize the cost structure；build a whole chain synergistic mechanism to reduce the total cost；and promote scientifi c and technological innovation in the tomato seed industry to reduce the cost of planting and production．

In order to analyze the production effi ciency of China’s pepper planting，the data envelopment analysis（DEA）method is employed based on survey data from the main pepper-planting provinces in 2022．The findings reveal generally low production efficiency in pepper planting across China，with significant regional diff erences．Variations are observed in optimal planting scale and production effi ciency among pepper planters and regions．Farmers in the northeastern region demonstrate the highest production effi ciency，while large-scale growers excel in the northwest．Cooperatives perform best in the Huang-Huai-Hai and centralsouthern regions，whereas leading enterprises show the highest efficiency in the eastern and southwestern regions．The research results indicate that the need to improve the production efficiency should target technological and management innovations according to regional characteristics and types of pepper planters．Additionally，providing policy support and technical training is essential to ensure optimal production effi ciency for each pepper planters．

Promoting effective management of continuous cropping obstacles in facility vegetables is of great significance for the development of modern facility agriculture and the improvement of sustainable vegetable development. On the basis of studying and clarifying the main obstacles of soil in facility vegetable fields,the author proposes the ‘four precision’ governance path of ‘precise diagnosis,precise policy implementation,precise input,and precise management’ for the continuous cropping obstacles of facility vegetables,as well as the core technology model of ‘control pests,increasing bacteria,increasing carbon and controlling fertilizer’. The application effect is summarized,and policy recommendations are put forward to promote the governance of continuous cropping obstacles of facility vegetables.

The purpose of this study was to use near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy（NIRS）to establish a near-infrared prediction model of 6 types in tomatoes and to provide the theoretical basis．377 fresh tomato samples were selected as the calibration sets and 94 were used as the validations sets．NIRS used with combination of modifi ed partial least squares（MPLS）to construct and verify the pros and cons of establishing a prediction model．The results showed that the cross-validation correlation coeffi cients（1-VR）of the tomato dry matter，total acid，soluble sugar，Vitamin C and soluble solid content were 0.979，0.851，0.828，0.832 and 0.959，all exceeding 0.80，which can be used for actual prediction．The content of lycopene prediction models 1-VR were 0.767，lower than 0.80．The correlation of the lycopene constructed models was poor，and the models need further optimization．

In order to fully and accurately grasp the development trend of China’s processed pepper industry and avoid the risks in development，the development situation and new trends of processed pepper industry were analyzed through systematic and continuous fifi eld research and data retrieval ．The results showed that the westward migration of China’s processed pepper industry was a foregone conclusion and the speed was gradually accelerated，which mainly occurred in the north of the 38 north latitude line and west of the Hu Huanyong line ．The westward migration of processed pepper industry is the process of improving international competitiveness and the need of industrial competitiveness development ．It interacts with scientific and technological innovation and brings about industrial transformation and upgrading．In this process，there are risks such as variety selection，natural disasters，market adaptability and supply chain integration．Local governments should strengthen overall planning to avoid the risk of ups and downs；establish a regional cooperation mechanism to strengthen the industrial docking between the east and the west；improve infrastructure construction and enhance the processing capacity of pepper in the west；promote the integration and development of agriculture and tourism，and build the western pepper brand．

河西地区沙漠西瓜“两免三减”轻简化栽培技术利用西瓜整枝的新模式，通过免整地、免整枝，可实现全生育期减少用水、减少用肥、减少用工，每667 m2纯收益平均为7 083.96元，综合效益明显。

Shandong is a dominant vegetable-producing province in China ．By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the operational status of vegetable market in Shandong in 2024，an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of the vegetable industry across key aspects，including production，pricing，supply，and distribution could be established ．The vegetable production in Shandong experienced continued growth in both cultivation scale and output in 2024 ．The wholesale prices of vegetables exhibited a year-on-year increase，maintaining an overall high-price trend throughout the year. Signififi cant price flfl uctuations were observed，with a downward trend in the fifi rst half of the year ．The market prices showed an upturn in July and maintained elevated until October，after which they declined，and only a moderated rise was noticed again in December ．An overall growth of the importation and exportation of vegetable trade occurred，with the optimized export categories and the continual expansion of the international markets ．It is anticipated that vegetable prices in Shandong will flfl uctuate within a moderate range，without signififi cant volatility in 2025 ．However，continuous monitoring of market dynamics and inflfl uencing factors remains important for the accurate

prediction of future price trends 

This review introduces the research progress on virus-free systems and propagation for the strawberry plant，including the current situation and new technologies both domestically and internationally．Furthermore，a feasible new scheme for a two-step clean and propagation system，from strawberry foundation stock to commercial plant，is proposed for domestic application．The aim is to provide theoretical support and guidance for the upgrading of strawberry plant production．

老挝西瓜生产起于1990 年代边境傣族过境零星种植，近年来发展迅速。由中国瓜商、瓜农携带中国西瓜品种和种植技术，利用老挝自然资源和劳动力资源开展露地西瓜生产，运回国内销售。由于能够填补国内冬春季淡季需求，品质优良，成本低，利润可观，西瓜迅速发展成为老挝重要的对华出口产品。

Fruit color is one of the most intuitive traits for evaluating the appearance quality of pepper fruits．The proportions of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin contents endow pepper fruits with rich and colorful colors．Enriching fruit color resources is beneficial to the breeding of high-quality peppers．This paper summarizes the composition of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin in pepper fruits of different colors and the research on the regulation of carotenoid synthesis,focusing on the key enzyme genes and regulatory factors in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway,which can provide a reference for in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of color variation in pepper fruits．

Zizania latifolia is a characteristic aquatic vegetable in China,which has rich nutritional value and good planting benefit．In recent years,with the improvement of people's living standards and the change of consumption concepts,the consumption demand for Zizania latifolia is increasing,and the development of Zizania latifolia industry has been emphasized．In order to understand the current situation of the development of China's Zizania latifolia industry,help the high quality development of Zizania latifolia industry,through field research,elaboration of the current situation of the development of China's Zizania latifolia industry,analysis of Zizania latifolia cost-benefit situation,found that Zizania latifolia industry has a high degree of market concentration,consumption of regional strong,the degree of organization and other characteristics．The future development trend of Zizania latifolia industry to make judgments：first,the overall production scale of the industry is expanding;second,the industry is showing the trend of greening products and high-quality products;third,there is an urgent need for industrial mechanization and intelligent technology.

Amorphophallus konjac，an important economic crop in Southern China，is extensively utilized across materials chemistry，food health，and biomedicine．Over the past decade，the incidence of soil-borne diseases such as soft rot and southern blight has been exacerbated due to increased cultivation periods，leading to declining quality and yield，which signifi cantly hinders the high-quality development of the A. konjac industry．Consequently，it is imperative to intensify research into the epidemiology，damage，and environmentally friendly control of these diseases．This paper comprehensively reviews the advancements in green control techniques，including healthy cultivation practices，biocontrol methods，chemical control，and breeding for disease resistance in A. konjac over the past decade．The review emphasizes the role of bio-based factors such as biocontrol microbes，their antibiotic metabolites，and plant-derived antimicrobial compounds in managing A. konjac diseases．The objective is to establish a robust foundation for the development of a secure and eff ective green control strategy against A. konjac soft rot and southern blight.

Through a comprehensive investigation of the current situation of the development of the vegetable industry in Xinjiang，this paper summarizes the general situation of vegetable production，the development of facility vegetables，the development of characteristic vegetables，the circulation of market，the level of science and technology，the situation of talents，the main body of management and quality and safety in Xinjiang. The existing problems of vegetable industry were analyzed as follows：the scale of vegetable production is low and the competitiveness is not enough；the conversion rate of vegetable processing is low and the added value of products is low；older facilities；resource factors are in short supply and the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent. In view of the above problems，the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward：to promote the development of large-scale industrial clusters and improve industrial competitiveness；focus on creating special vegetable advantage areas，the development of intensive processing of special vegetables；to develop the facility vegetable industry in southern Xinjiang and improve the level of facility intellectualization；we will give full play to our free trade area advantages and develop vegetable trade.

Taking 37 lettuce varieties（lines）with common market types as test materials，this study screened out new and excellent lettuce germplasms by open field，single-span greenhouse and multi-span greenhouse cultivation methods，and through comprehensive identifi cation and evaluation on leaf traits，single plant weight，flavonoid content and other indicators．The results showed that 37 lettuce varieties（lines）were clustered into 5 groups．The single plant weights and fl avonoid contents of lettuce cultivated in open fi elds were generally higher．The genetic diversity of loose-leaf lettuce was rich．The germplasms among loose-leaf lettuce with better performance were‘G21K201’‘W425’and‘H20K995’．Those had better promotional value in Shanghai area．

Due to causes as short shelf life,prefering fresh food,large market with small farmers,and nationwide distribution,the fresh vegetable supply in China still encounters problems as price fluctuations occur frequently,low profit proportion for growers,and unstable industry．The maturity and generalization of artificial intelligence provide opportunity for decision-making mode improvement in the vege distribution．With AI technology,multi modal data such as audio,video,and surveillance may be adopted as fundamentally different decision-making model for vegetable distribution．Then the level of vegetable industry could be significantly improved．

To investigate the eff ects of exogenous abscisic acid（ABA）application on tomato blossomend rot（BER），fruit yield，and quality，an experiment was conducted using the‘Hangza 603’pink tomato variety．Tomatoes were sprayed regularly with aqueous solutions of ABA at concentrations of 100，200，and 400 mg·L-1，with water as a control．The incidence of BER，stem diameter，single fruit weight，and other agronomic traits were measured．Additionally，fruit vitamin C（VC）content，soluble solids content，calcium（Ca）content and its distribution were determined．Results showed that compared with the water all ABA concentrations signifi cantly reduced BER incidence，with 200 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1 being the most effective，and no significant difference between them．All ABA treatments increased stem diameter，with no significant differences among concentrations．Treatments with 200 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1 ABA significantly increased petiole diameter，single fruit weight，and the number of healthy fruits，while 100 mg·L-1 ABA had insignifi cant eff ects on these traits．The 100 mg·L-1 ABA treatment signifi cantly increased soluble solids and VC contents，whereas the 200 mg·L-1 treatment significantly decreased both．The 400 mg·L-1 ABA treatment signifi cantly decreased soluble solids but signifi cantly increased VC content．Notably，200 mg·L-1 ABA enhanced total Ca content in fruits and leaves，with a particular increase in Ca content in leaf and fruit shoulder parts．In summary，exogenous application of 200 mg·L-1 ABA signifi cantly decreased the BER incidence，signifi cantly increased single fruit weight，the number of healthy fruits and stem diameter．Considering cost factors it was suitable for practical BER control in tomato production to control the BER．The 100 mg·L-1 ABA treatment both signifi cantly reduced BER incidence and improved tomato soluble solids and VC contents，suitable for high-quality tomato cultivation．

‘Huaxiabaiyu’is a new non-heading Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid bred by crossing selfincompatible line‘byc-H’as female parent and inbred line‘227-H’as male parent．It grows rapidly which takes 30-40 days from sowing to harvesting in summer and autumn seasons．The average plant is 35 cm in height and 28 cm in spread．Its petiole is white and thick．Its leaves are almost circular shape，with leaf surface smooth，light green，and shining bright．Its commodity is good with little cellulose．Its yield is about 27.75 t·hm-2．Its resistances to downy mildew，black rot，soft rot are better than that of the contrast‘Xialvfei’．It can tolerance to heat．It is suitable for planting in Fujian Province and similar ecological zones during summer and autumn．

Genetic diversity on phenotypic traits of local Chinese yam germplasms in Fujian were evaluated for development and breeding of high-quality varieties．The 22 phenotypic traits on 33 Chinese yam varieties in Fujian were studied with diversity analysis，correlation analysis and cluster analysis．The results showed that the genetic diversity index of phenotypic traits of local yam resources ranged from 0.684 to 1.766.The phenotypic quantitative traits coefficient of variation ranged from 9.76% to 46.62%，and the coefficient of tuber diameter variation was the largest，reaching 46.62%．Obvious diff erences and relatively rich genetic diversity of phenotypic traits were found in local Chinese yam resources．Correlation analysis showed that there are many characteristics of the same phenotype between the same yam base. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the fi rst 5 principal components was 78.81%，which mainly reflected the yield of stem，leaf，flower and tuber in the upper part of the ground. According to the cluster analysis of phenotypic characteristics of 33 local yam resources in Fujian，Dioscorea spp．was classifi ed into 4 categories．In terms of genetic distance，D. persimilis was the closest relative to D. polystachya，and the furthest distance from D. alata．The diversity of the germplasm collection of Chinese yams in Fujian Province were abundant．There were correlations among the growth of aboveground plant parts and the traits related to the tuber yield which could be used for production estimation．

Handan，Hebei Province has a long history of garlic cultivation，gradually forming a major garlic production area centered on Daming County and Yongnian District. Garlic fresh food and processed products are deeply welcomed in domestic and foreign markets，and Daming County has become the most important garlic seed production base in China. This article investigates the current development status of the characteristic garlic industry in Handan City and compares the cost-benefi t situation of garlic in major production areas such as Jinxiang in Shandong Province and Pizhou in Jiangsu Province. It is found that there are problems in the development of the garlic industry in Handan，such as lagging garlic variety updates，slow development of full mechanization，lack of high standard chain leading processing enterprises，large fluctuations in garlic prices，and low enthusiasm of garlic farmers. Suggestions and strategies for industrial development are proposed，including introducing or improving garlic varieties，promoting full mechanization of garlic，providing policy support for deep processing enterprises，and strengthening brand cultivation.

China is the world’s largest exporter of processed tomato products，and the western regions possesses distinct natural advantages for tomato cultivation．However，the industry has long experienced severe fluctuations and remains in a state of reactive development focused on remedying existing gaps．This paper analyzes the current challenges facing the industry in terms of varieties，cultivation practices，harvesting，product types，and exports．It further proposes targeted strategies to enhance international competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth．These include building internationally recognized brands，diversifying and refining product lines，scientifi cally guiding market demand，improving industry regulations，and establishing a robust regulatory framework．Together，these measures aim to strengthen China’s processed tomato industry and support its long-term，healthy development．

Abstract：Since 2000，the global garlic industry and import-export trades have witnessed profound transformations．To comprehensively and objectively understand the current development status of the global and Chinese garlic industries as well as the general situation of their international trade，this study analyzed data on garlic harvested area，production，yield，and import-export trade in China and worldwide，based on statistics released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO），the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC），and China Customs，combined with literature reports．The results show that Asia is the most critical garlic-producing region globally in terms of both harvested area and production，with China，India，and Bangladesh ranking among the top three in the world．China has long maintained the world’s largest harvested area and production，and its yield ranks fourth globally，approximately 50% of Kuwait’s yield-the highest level in the world ．Garlic is one of the most actively traded agricultural products internationally．In 2022，the global import volume of garlic amounted to around 2.35 million tons，valued at nearly 3 billion US dollars，while the export volume reached 2.63 million tons，valued at over 2.7 billion US dollars. Indonesia is the world’s largest garlic importer，with an import volume of 566 200 tons in 2022， accounting for 24.22% of the global total，and a value of 598 million US dollars，representing 20.10% of the total import value．China is the world’s largest garlic exporter. In 2022，China’s garlic export volume reached 2 035 900 tons，accounting for 77.42% of the global total，with an export value of 1 796 million US dollars，constituting 64.79% of the global export value．Over the past decade，China’s average international market share in garlic export volume has slightly decreased to 79.46%，while its average international market share in export value has increased to 68.78%．Spain is a country where both the average international market shares in garlic export volume and value have increased by more than 2%．In 2023，Chinese mainland garlic exports reached over 140 trading partners，and Southeast Asian countries were the main destinations，while exports to developed countries remained relatively limited．Shandong，Jiangsu，and Henan are the top three provinces in China ’s garlic exports，with their cumulative export volume and value accounting for over 92%．Despite China’s indisputable dominance in garlic harvested area，production，and export trade on the global stage， several major challenges constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry．In response to these challenges，this paper proposes suggestions for the development of China’s garlic industry．

Sulforaphane（SF）is a class of secondary metabolites with higher biological activity formed by hydrolysis of the aliphatic glucosinolate component-glucoraphanin catalyzed by myrosinases,which is mainly distributed in cruciferous vegetable crops．SF has anti-cancer,anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,detoxification,cardiovascular and diabetes prevention and other multiple effects,and has considerable utilization value in the development of functional foods and health care products．In recent years,researchers have carried out a series of work on the breeding and efficient production of high-content SF,and the cultivation measures that effectively use exogenous regulatory methods to mediate the synthesis of SF are commonly used strategies．In this paper,the structure,physicochemical properties and synthesis pathways of SF were reviewed,and the mechanism of mediation of SF synthesis by different regulatory modes（such as environmental factors,plant hormones,exogenous regulatory substances）was discussed．Finally,the existing problems and future research directions are proposed,aiming to provide some valuable references for the high-quality cultivation of high-content SF cruciferous vegetables cultivars．

Phytophthora blight and anthracnose are major diseases affecting pepper production,not only reducing yields but also compromising fruit quality．Seedborne pathogens are one of the primary causes of disease outbreaks during cultivation．In this study,strains SX22,SX26,and SX45 were isolated from diseased pepper fruits and plants affected by Phytophthora blight and anthracnose in hybrid seed production bases in Shanxi,Hainan,and Anhui provinces．Pathogen identification based on morphological and molecular biology analyses confirmed these strains as Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum truncatum,and Colletotrichum scovillei,respectively．Specific primers PC-F/PC-R and ITS1/CT-R were designed for P. capsici and C. truncatum,while CS-F/CS-R primers were developed for C. scovillei．A real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qPCR）detection system was established for detecting C. truncatum,C. scovillei,and P. capsici in pepper seeds．In 2023,this system was applied to 70 pepper hybrid seed samples collected from production bases in Shanxi,Hainan,and Anhui provinces．The seed infection rates for P. capsici and C. scovillei were 70.0% and 72.9%,respectively．This detection system provides critical technical support for seed quality inspection and early prevention of pepper diseases．

In this paper,we reviewed the latest research results on functional gene mapping and molecular marker development of pumpkin fruit,flower,kernel,long and short vine and stress tolerance traits．On this basis,the application and development direction of functional genes and molecular markers in assisted selection breeding and germplasm resource identification and creation were prospected．It provides reference for further research on molecular biology,gene mapping and marker-assisted selection breeding of pumpkin．

In order to evaluate and analyze the nutritional quality of pepper germplasm resources,and identify the excellent germplasm. Seven fruit nutritional quality indexes including dry matter,vitamin C,capsaicinoid,capsanthin,soluble sugar,crude fiber and α-glucosidase inhibition rate were determined from 103 capsaicin germplasm resources provided by the Vegetable Department of Horticulture College of China Agricultural University．The nutritional quality of pepper germplasm resources was evaluated by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,membership function value method and systematic cluster analysis．The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 7 nutritional quality indexes was more than 20%,and the coefficient of variation of capsaicinoid content was the largest,reaching 147.53%．Through principal component analysis,three principal components were selected,and the cumulative percentage was 61.229%．Combined with the correlation among the indexes,the contents of dry matter,capsaicin and capsaicin were used as the representative indexes to evaluate the nutritional quality of capsaicin germplasm resources．The comprehensive evaluation model was used to calculate the comprehensive score of pepper germplasm resources,and 10 germplasm resources with the highest score were selected．At the same time,the average membership value of pepper germplasm resources was systematically clustered,and there were 6 pepper germplasm resources with good quality．Through cluster analysis,103 pepper germplasm resources were divided into four groups．In summary,the contents of capsaicinoid,dry matter and capsanthin can be used as representative indexes to evaluate the nutritional quality of capsicum. The pepper materials with excellent comprehensive quality include 21QS54,21QS69,21QS84 and 21QS96,which further provide a basis for the improvement of the nutritional quality of capsicum．

Abstract：Pepper red pigment is currently the largest-selling pure natural edible pigment in the world．Devlopment of high pepper red pigment varieties has become urgent．In this study，through genome-wide association study（GWAS）of capsanthin content of 255 core collections of Capsicum annuum，intervals signifi cantly associated with capsanthin were found on chromosomes 1，2，3，5，6，8，9，10，11，and 12，and a total of 93 genes were identifi ed in the signifi cant association intervals．Based on functional annotation and transcriptional expression data，three candidate genes affecting capsanthin content in pepper fruits were predicted．Through BSA-seq analysis of the F2 population constructed from high-pepper red pigment material Pep-340 and low-pepper red pigment material Pep-276，the intervals associated with the pepper red pigment content of pepper were localized on chromosomes 1，3，5 and 10，in which the localized intervals on chromosomes 3 and 5 were similar to or overlapped with the significantly associated intervals in the GWAS analysis．Using InDel molecular markers in these two intervals，genetic linkage analysis was performed， and the gene regulating the red pigment content of pepper was localized on chromosome 3 at qCC3.1，with a physical location ranging from 22.8 Mb to 25.9 Mb，containing 99 genes．According to the functional annotation and transcriptome analysis，four candidate genes，Capana03g001314，Capana03g001325， Capana03g001334 and Capana03g001387，affecting pepper red pigment content in pepper fruits were predicted．The results laid the foundation for fine mapping of genes regulating the red pigment content of pepper and molecular marker-assisted selection breeding.

In order to explore the feasibility of seedling transplanting of ginger,‘Shannong No.1'ginger variety was used as the test material,and the effects of cutting size（10‒15,25‒30,35‒40 and 50‒60 g）on the growth and yield of ginger were studied under two planting modes：seedling transplanting and direct seeding．The results showed that seedling transplanting with sliced ginger significantly promoted the growth of ginger plants compared with direct seeding with sliced ginger,and the plant height,stem diameter,number of branches and fresh weight of roots,stems,leaves and rhizomes increased significantly．Under the conditions of two cultivation modes,the plant growth is positively correlated with the cutting size of ginger．When ginger is harvested,the plant height,stem diameter and branch number of 10‒15 g seed ginger are increased by 5.21%,6.67% and 53.85% respectively,and the yield per 667 m² is increased by 61.11%,while the plant height,stem diameter and branch number of 50‒60 g seed ginger are increased by 5.26%,5.11% and 44.64% respectively,and the yield per 667 m² increased by 40.69%,indicating that using smaller cutting size of ginger for seedling raising and subsequent transplanting is more conducive to increasing ginger yield.

Intensive seedling cultivation technology is a crucial step in vegetable production，the quality of seedlings directly affectsthe growth and cropyield in the later growth stages．Seedling quality varies due to diff erent production techniques，how toevaluate the quality of a seedling has become a concern for producers and users．Traditional methods of evaluating seedlings mostlydepend on subjective judgments based on appearance，lacking objective and accurate quantitative evaluation criteria．This study utilizes a plant phenotyping measurement system to capture multi-angle two-dimensional image sequences of celery，lettuce，and tomato seedlings．Based on the acquired three-dimensional point cloud models of the plants，phenotype data for vegetable seedlings are extracted．A model between phenotype data and seedling vigor indicators is established using a random forest regression algorithm，facilitating the reconstruction of the threedimensional structure of individual vegetable seedlings．The results indicate that the lettuce model exhibits a strong correlation with an R2 value of 0.91，while the celery and tomato models have R2 values of 0.83 and 0.77，respectively．The tomato model shows the lowest rRMSE is 0.33，indicating that 3D structural modeling based on vegetable seedlings can provide scientifi c basis for vegetable seedling evaluation system．

This study investigated the effects of exogenous 2，4-epibrassinolide（EBR）on the growth and physiology of vegetably potato seedlings（‘Ecaishu No.10’）under saline-alkali stress to establish a theoretical basis for applying EBR to alleviate stress．A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impacts of foliar spraying with different EBR concentrations under 300 mmol · L^-1 saline-alkali stress on root vitality，photosynthetic parameters（Pn，Tr，and Gs），chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics（Fo，Fm，Fv，Fv/Fo，and Fv/Fm），antioxidant enzyme activities（SOD，POD，and CAT），and osmoregulatory substance contents．Results showed that saline-alkali stress severely inhibited seedling growth：compared to the control（CK），root number，root activity，and root dry weight decreased by 46.97%，38.43%，and 47.46%，respectively；Pn，Tr，and Gs significantly declined；initial fluorescence（Fo）increased，while maximum fluorescence（Fm），variable fluorescence（Fv），PSII potential activity（Fv/Fo），and maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）decreased significantly．Malondialdehyde（MDA）content，relative electrolyte leakage，and antioxidant enzyme activities（SOD，POD，and CAT）were significantly elevated．Exogenous EBR effectively promoted root growth under stress：T3 treatment（1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR）exhibited the highest root number and root activity，increasing by 68.10% and 61.29% compared to T0（stress without EBR），while root dry weight peaked in T4（1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR）at 0.97 g per plant，with no significant difference between T3 and T4．Pn，Tr，and Gs reached maximum values under T3，increasing by 120.83%，134.02%，and 98.22% relative to T0．T3 also showed the highest proline content（35.01% increase），soluble protein content（25.70%），and soluble sugar content（33.01%）among all treatments．In conclusion，foliar application of 1.25 μmol · L^-1 EBR eff ectively improved saline-alkali stress tolerance in potato seedlings by enhancing membrane stability，boosting photosynthetic efficiency，and mitigating stress-induced growth inhibitiot.

Wax gourd is one of the main vegetable varieties for the regulation of the balanced supply in the market．Germplasm resources are important guarantee and material basis for scientific and technological innovation，new variety breeding and sustainable development of seed industry．This paper summarized the research progress of wax gourd breeding in Jiangxi province in recent years，including collection and preservation，identification and evaluation，mining of important traits，innovative utilization of wax gourd germplasm，and proposed future development directions and priorities of wax gourd germplasm resources in Jiangxi Province．