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01 July 2023, Volume 1 Issue 7
    

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  • Current Status of Vegetable Industry in China and Lancang-Mekong Countries and Suggestions for Cooperation and Development under ‘ Belt and Road’ Initiative
    LEI Ying，LI Ji，YU Jianfei，CHEN Wei，CHEN Yuehong，CHEN Jie，CHEN Jinfeng
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 1-6.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Recently，in order to adapt to agricultural internationalization and realize complement of each other’s advantages in agricultural industry，China has actively carried out cooperation in agriculture with countries along the‘Belt and Road’．The correlation degree of agricultural industry between China and the Mekong countries has been increasing year by year．This paper analyzed the current status of vegetable industry in Mekong countries from breeding resources，factor endowments，and technological level，etc. aspects；systematically discussed the opportunities and challenges facing China’s cooperation with 5 Mekong countries in vegetable industry，and on this basis put forward general idea and suggestions for deepening cooperation between China and the Mekong countries in vegetable industry．At the macro level，this paper effectively responded to the action requirements of‘ Belt and Road’initiative‘ to strengthen existing multilateral mechanism related to agriculture’；while at the micro level，it provided path reference for Chinese agricultural research institutions or agriculture-related enterprises to invest in vegetable industry at the Mekong region．
  • Active Heating Technology and Equipment for Chinese Solar Greenhouse
    ZHOU Changji
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 7-19.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Solar greenhouse is a high-efficiency energy-saving one，mainly relying on solar energy and efficient heat preservation function of its exterior protected construction to maintain normal growth temperature required by indoor crops．Under normal weather conditions，the solar greenhouse can efficiently receive and storage solar energy in daytime，tightly insulate and slowly release thermal energy at night through optimized design．In most areas of Northern China，production can be safely conducted without additional heating at all．But，in some severe-cold and high-latitude areas；when encountering with extreme weather conditions like haze，dust，snowstorm，severe cold，successive cloudy days，etc.；and when planting high-quality crops requiring reliable environment，temporary short-term heating is necessary so as to ensure the normal growth of vegetable crops．This paper summarized the current active heating technology and support equipment used in domestic solar greenhouses，according to different types of energy heating sources，including solar energy，electric energy，biomass energy，etc. clean energies，and traditional fossil energies，like coal，diesel，natural gas，etc．Thus，technical support is provided for designing and management of solar greenhouses in China．
  • Collection and Utilization of Local Pepper Germplasm Resources in Jiangsu Province
    PAN Baogui，WANG Shubin，LIU Jinbing，DIAO Weiping，GUO Guangjun，GONG Chengsheng，GAO Changzhou，ZHU Xianwei
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 20-24.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Pepper has been cultivated in Jiangsu for nearly 300 years and has extented different types of local germplasm resources，such as long lantern shaped pepper，horn shaped pepper，etc．During 3 times national crop germplasm resources solicitation and collection，there were 87 accessions local pepper germplasm resources were collected in Jiangsu Province，of which ‘Nanjingzaojiao’ has been used efficiently．In the 1970s，Jiangsu Province bred the first hybrid pepper ‘Zaofeng No.1’ in China taking ‘Nanjingzaojiao’ as female parent．Aafterwards，many pepper breeding units conducted innovative improvement on ‘Nanjingzaojiao’，and succeeded in breeding several pepper hybrid varieties，including Sujiao，Jiangshu，Ganfeng，Changshu，etc．Thus，upgrading of hybrid pepper varieties in China has been advanced．
  • Research Progress on Biosynthesis and Its Regulation of Colored Potato
    QI Enfang，JIA Xiaoxia，HUANG Wei，WANG Min
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 25-32.
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    Anthocyanin is the main color generation substance of potato，presenting special nutritional value．This paper summarized the advance achieved recently in potato anthocyanin research，focusing on studing anthocyanin type，biosynthesis pathway and its molecular regulation mechanisms，expecting to provide references for studying the mechanism of potato anthocyanin biosynthesis and quality improvement of anthocyanin enrichment in color potato．
  • Phenotype Analysis and Primary Mapping of A Short-internode Mutant si302 in Watermelon
    MA Cai’e，XIAO Yanhong，LIU Tangjing，GONG Guoyi，ZHANG Jie，ZHANG Haiying
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 33-38.
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    We obtained a short internode mutant si302 by ethyl methane sulfonate（EMS）mutagenesis of watermelon inbred line 302．In this study，we collected the agronomic traits of six-basic generations（P1，P2，F1，F2，BC1P1 and BC1P2）from the cross between 302 and si302．Genetic analysis and bulked segregant analysis sequencing（BSA-seq）were used to located the candidate genes for the short internode trait in si302．Results showed that plant height，stem length and stem internodes of si302 were decreased than 302．But si302 had compacted plant shape and normal fruit traits paraffin section showed that the si302 internode cell length is shorter than 302．Genetic analysis showed that the si302 mutant is inherited in a 3∶1 ratio（χ2 = 0.16），the short internode mutant phenotype of si302 was controlled by one recessive gene．With the strategy of BSA-seq，the short internode mutant was primary mapped into 36.0-36.7 Mb region on chromosome 1．
  • Studies on Sensory Evaluation and Quality Indicators of Different Eggplant Varieties
    HENG Zhou，XIE Bingchun，LI Tao，SUN Baojuan，YOU Qian，LI Zhiliang
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 39-44.
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    In order to investigate the formation mechanism of taste differences among eggplant varieties，this experiment analyzed the sensory evaluation，texture，cell wall component content，sugar，VC and crude protein content of 6 eggplant varieties．The results showed that the taste of‘Biyu No.1’eggplant was significantly better than those of the other experimental varieties．The texture analysis data showed that the hardness，adhesiveness，cohesiveness and chewiness of‘Yanbuqiuqie’were notably different with the other varieties．The results of correlation analysis in texture traits and cell wall components showed that the adhesiveness，chewiness and springiness of each variety were better highly correlated．The analysis of principal component data showed that the contents of soluble sugar，protopectin and hemicellulose had greater variance contribution rate in the first principal component．The soluble sugar and VC contents in‘Biyu No.1’were significantly higher than that of the other varieties，might being the main factors affecting the overall taste of eggplant under similar texture condition．
  • The Effect of Antibiotics on Microspore Embryogenesis of Bolting Resistant Chinese Cabbage
    ZHANG Menglu，ZHANG Hong，WANG Chaonan，HUANG Zhiyin，FAN Weiqiang，ZHANG Bin
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 45-51.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to overcome the problem of difficult embryo formation in isolated microspore culture of bolting resistant Chinese cabbage，23 bolting resistant Chinese cabbage samples with difficult embryogenesis were used as experimental materials to explore the differences of microspore embryogenesis among different genotypes and the effects of amphotericin-B and griseofulvin on microspore embryo induction．The results showed that only 3 materials of 23 bolting resistant Chinese cabbage were produced embryos by NLN-13 medium，and the success rate of embryo induction was 13.0%，and there were significant differences in microspore embryo formation among different genotypes，indicating that genotype is an important factor affecting microspore embryogenesis in Chinese cabbage．By adding appropriate concentrations of amphotericin-B and griseofulvin，the success rate of embryo induction of 23 bolting resistant Chinese cabbage materials reached 60.9% and 82.6%，respectively，and the maximum number of embryonic materials was induced when 1.0-2.0 mg · L-1 amphotericin-B and 0.5 mg · L-1 griseofulvin were added．The highest embryo induction rate was 0.467 embryos per bud and 0.733 embryos per bud，indicating that adding antibiotics in the medium could promote the formation of microspore embryo in bolting resistant Chinese cabbage to a certain extent．
  • Quality Analysis of‘Huangyangxiaomila’
    CAO Yacong，YANG Chuangchuang，HE Jianwen，ZHANG Zhenghai，YU Hailong，FENG Xigang，WANG Lihao
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 52-56.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS），high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）were used to determine the contents of volatile substances，capsaicinoids and fatty acids in ‘Huangyangxiaomila’，respectively．The result showed that a total of 42 volatile substances were detected in‘Huangyangxiaomila’．Among the main volatile flavor substances in chili pepper such as terpenes，esters，ketones，aldehydes，and alcohols，β-ocimene has the highest content．The total content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin was 316.05 μg · g-1，the content of capsaicinoids was 351.17 μg · g-1，scoville index was 5 415.04，and the spiciness is 36.10 degrees，moderate spicy．A total of 13 fatty acids were detected，and the total content was 126.45 mg · g-1．Among them，the three fatty acids with the higher content are linoleic acid，palmitic acid and oleic acid，accounting for 68.01%，13.72% and 12.58% of the total fatty acids，with high content of unsaturated fatty acids and good quality．
  • Effects of Paclobutrazol and Two Biostimulants on Tomato Seedling Quality
    FANG Xuejuan，SONG Mengyuan，GAO Lihong，TIAN Yongqiang
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 57-62.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This study took‘Qianxi’tomato as the experimental material to screen the optimum concentrations of paclobutrazol and biostimulant（amino acid and marine algae）that are benefited for improving the quality of tomato seedlings under high temperature conditions in summer and explore the effects of the optimal concentrations of paclobutrazole，biostimulant and their combination on the quality of tomato seedlings．The results showed that paclobutrazol，amino acid biostimulant and marine algae biostimulant were all beneficial for improving the quality of tomato seedlings，with optimal concentrations of 0.2 g · L-1，0.6 g · L-1 and 1.4 g · L-1，respectively．The combination of paclobutrazol and biostimulant could further improve the quality of tomato seedlings．At the optimal concentration，compared with single treatment，paclobutrazol combined with amino acid biostimulant or marine algae biostimulant increased the seedling index of tomato seedling by 16.6%-31.7% and 8.7%-25.4%，respectively．In conclusion，the combination of 0.2 g · L-1 paclobutrazol with 0.6 g · L-1 amino acid biostimulant or 1.4 g · L-1 marine algae biostimulant can effectively improve the quality of tomato seedlings under high temperature conditions in summer．
  • Effect of Nitrogen Form Ratio on Yield and Quality of Facility Tomato with Substrate Culture
    LIU Zhongliang，GAO Junjie，CHEN Zhen，YAN Weiqiang，GU Duanyin，GAO Luyang，GUO Xinsong
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 63-67.
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    Taking‘Luola’as test material and adopting trough planting cultivation method，this experiment set up 10 matching treatments of nitrate nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen to study the effects of different nitrogen form ratios on tomato leaf enzyme activity，fruit quality，yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency under substrate cultivation．The results showed that the activities of nitrate reductase（NR）and glutamine synthetase（GS）in tomato leaf blades of all nitrogen forms proportioned treatment were higher than that of the contrasts．The highest NR activity under T1 was 53.26 μg · h-1 · g-1，which was 23.48% higher than that of the contrast．The suitable nitrogen form ratio could improve tomato fruit quality，increase yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency．The yield under T5 was the highest for 197 151.90 kg · hm-2，having increased 25.23% than that of the contrast．Considering all indicators comprehensively，under this experiment condition T5（nitrate nitrogen∶ammonium nitrogen∶amide nitrogen = 1∶3∶5）performed better，with the highest tomato yield and better fruit quality．
  • Effect of Paecilomyces variotii Extract on Nitrogen Metabolic Efficiency and Yield of Radish
    WANG Qingbin，LU Jiechun，XU Yufei，PENG Chun’e，ZHAO Hongling，XIANG Yamei，ZHANG Min
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 68-74.
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    This experiment adopted field test method；set up 3 treatments as not applying nitrogin fertilizer（CK），simple application of urea（U），combined application of urea and ZNC（UZ）to study the effect of basal and root application of Paecilomyces variotii extract（ZNC）on nitrogen absorption，assimilation，utilization and yield of radish．The results showed that compared with U treatment，combined treatment of urea and ZNC could significantly increase soil nitrate nitrogen content，reduce ammonium content；remarkably enhance the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in radish leaf blades；and significantly increase nitrogen content in leaves and fleshy roots．The radish yield，nitrogen agronomic efficiency，nitrogen partial productivity and net income were increased by 8.64%，20.81%，8.60%，and 10.07%，respectively．At the same time，the contents of soluble protein，soluble sugar and vitamin C in radish fleshy root were increased，and content of nitrate was significantly decreased．In conclusion，ZNC could regulate and control soil nitrogen transformation，promote nitrogen absorption，transportation，assimilation and utilization of radish，so as to improve radish nitrogen use efficiency and achieve the object of yield increase and quality improvement．
  • Comprehensive Evaluation about Control Effect of Various Fungicides on Pepper Southern Blight
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 75-83.
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    In order to evaluate the bactericidal effect of chemical fungicides for controlling pepper southern blight，this experiment carried out comprehensive evaluation on 7 fungicide prodrugs，14 fungicide preparations and compound combinations，and control effects of potted and field plants．The results of indoor bioactivity measurement showed that the antibacterial effects of single original drug of 97% prochloraz powder，98% fludioxonil powder and 96% pyraclostrobin powder on pepper southern blight were more obvious，with EC50 values of 0.000 6-24.488 4 mg · L-1. The mixed prodrugs of 97% hymexazol powder +96% pyraclostrobin powder had obvious synergistic effect. The EC50 values of 8 preparations，including 42% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole suspension，25% pyraclostrobin suspension，15% triazolone wettable powder，etc. were lesser，which could significantly inhibit mycelial growth．6 kinds of mixed preparations including 25% pyraclostrobin suspension + 42% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole suspension，etc. showed better inhibiting effect on pepper southern blight fungus and obvious synergistic effect. 3 preparations with better control effect of 42% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole suspension，15% triazolone wettable powder and 25% pyraclostrobin suspension and 2 kinds of compound combinations with the best control effect of 25% pyraclostrobin suspension + 42% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole suspension，43% tebuconazole suspension + 40% pentachloronitrobenzene were screened out through pot culture experiment. The control effect was 97.58%-100.00%. Field trials validated that 15% triazolone wettable powder and the combination of 25% pyraclostrobin suspension + 42% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole suspension had obvious control effect．Their control efficacy was 85.81% and 82.02%，respectively．In this experiment，the optimal type of fungicide for controlling pepper southern blight were methoxyacrylates and triazole fungicide. Among them，15% triazolone wettable powder，the combination of 25% pyraclostrobin suspension + 42% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole suspension could be used for comprehensive control of large areas pepper southern blight．
  • Resistance Monitoring and Field Efficacy of Different Insecticides to Spodoptera exigua（Hübner）
    ZHOU Lilin，XIONG Kaifan，WANG Pan，WANG Yong，YANG Fan，LUO Haibo，WANG Xiaoping，SI Shengyun
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 84-91.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    On the basis of establishing the baseline of susceptibility of Spodoptera exigua（Hübner）to 11 insecticides，the resistance levels of 4 field populations to 11 insecticides were detected by leaf-dipping method，and the control efficacy of 8 insecticides against S. exigua were evaluated in field trails．The results showed that the 4 tested S. exigua populations remained susceptible to spinosad and methomyl，while developed varying degrees of resistance to other tested insecticides as follows：low to moderate resistance to methoxyfenozide，chlorfenapyr and indoxacarb，moderate resistance to chlorpyrifos，moderate to high resistance to chlorfluazuron，chlorantraniliprole and tolfenpyrad，and high resistance to emamectin benzoate and beta-cypermethrin．The results of the field efficacy showed that the control efficacy of chlorfenapyr 10% SC against S. exigua ranging from 73.62% to 92.97%，and the highest control efficacy appeared on the third day after treatment．The following were chlorfluazuron 50 g · L-1 EC，methoxyfenozide 24% SC and indoxacarb 150 g · L-1 SC，all with the highest control efficacy exceeding 80%．The highest control efficacy of tolfenpyrad 15% SC and chlorantraniliprole 5% SC were 71.70% and 70.55% respectively．The control efficacy of beta-cypermethrin 4.5% EC and emamectin benzoate 5.7% ME had the lowest control effect，with the maximum control efficacy less than 50%．
  • Effects of Pesticide Application on Spatial Distribution of Difenoconazole Residue in Celery Field Environment
    LI Chunyong，REN Pengcheng，LIAN Shaobo，JIN Jing，QIN Shu
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 92-98.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To explore the residual spatial distribution characteristics and personnel risk level of difenoconazole in celery farmland environment under different application conditions，treatments were carried out according to different planting patterns，application season，spray hole diameter，spray times，crop height，and pesticide formulation．The gas samples were collected by solution absorption method，and the residues were detected by UPLC-MS/MS in soil，celery and the atmosphere．The results showed that the distribution ratio of difenoconazole in each substrate followed the order of soil ＞ celery ＞ atmosphere under the above application methods．The residual concentration in celery was in the range of 0.382 0 to 0.857 0 mg · kg-1，which was lower than the maximum residue limit（MRL）of 3 mg · kg-1 stipulated in GB 2763—2021．With the increase of celery plant height，the residual distribution proportion of difenoconazole in celery increased，but gradually decreases in soil and atmosphere．Also，the utilization rate of pesticide increased．In addition，the health risk assessment of pesticide applicators has been implemented．It was found that the total residue of difenoconazole in the atmosphere of each treatment ranged from 0 to 0.005 0 g．The pesticide exposure per unit weight of the applicator was 0-0.082 3 mg · kg-1，which was lower than the allowable exposure of the applicator（0.235 8 mg · kg-1）．The corresponding risk coefficients were between 0 and 0.349 1，all of which were less than 1．These results indicated that the inhalation exposure of difenoconazole does not pose an unacceptable risk to persons．
  • Thoughts on Lotus Seed Seeding
    KE Weidong，LIU Zhengwei，ZHU Honglian
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 99-102.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Lotus（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.）is a characteristic economic crop in China，and it has been vegetatively propagated for a long time，but there are problems such as low reproduction coefficient，large amount of seedling consumption and high transportation cost．This paper summarized about the basis，advantages，breeding methods and supporting technologies，research progress and basic scientific issues that need to be broken through for lotus seed seeding．This article provides a reference for further research on lotus seed seeding technology．
  • A New Eggplant F1 Hybrid—‘Zaonuoqie No.1’
    LI Qian，YANG Jianguo，WU Shuanghua，WANG Xin，WANG Duanhua
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 102-104.
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    ‘Zaonuoqie No.1’is a new early maturing eggplant F1 hybrid，which is bred from inbred line‘643D’as female parent and inbred line‘497D’as male parent．The plant has a strong growth vigor，and the type is semi erect．The plant is about 88 cm in height，and divergence is about 90 cm．The first flowering node is 11-13th．The fruit is of oval shape with dark purple-red peel and good luster．There are few prickles on the calyx．The fruit is 15 cm in length，9 cm in thickness，and 360 g in single weight．The flesh is green-white，soft，glutinous and sweet．The output is 54.0-67.5 t · hm-2．It has strong cold resistance and resistance to bacterial wilt，Verticillium wilt，and cotton blight．It is suitable for early maturing cultivation in greenhouses and open fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River，as well as the cultivation of summer sowing and autumn planting．
  • A New Tomato F1 Hybrid—‘Shouyan 905’
    YU Caiyun，LIU Xinqing，CHENG Lin，ZHANG Shangbin，WEI Meitian，ZHANG Na，HAN Yurui，Richard G F Visser，LI Chuanyou，XU Yong，GUO Jiajin
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 105-107.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    ‘Shouyan 905’is a mid-early maturing and pink-fruited tomato F1 hybrid developed by crossing selfing line‘M538’as female parent and‘F43’as male parent．It is of infinite growth type and growing vigorously．The fruit is of round shape with smooth surface．The single fruit weight is 220-250 g．Its fruit hardness is medium，has good storage and transportation resistance．It is highly resistant to TYLCV，resistant to root knot nematode．The average fruit yield is about 135 t · hm-2．It is suitable for early spring and autumn protected cultivation in Shandong，Shanxi，Henan and Hebei Province．
  • A New Screw Type Hot Pepper F1 Hybrid—‘Guofu 801’
    CHEN Bin，ZHANG Xiaofen，DU Heshan，JIA Zhiyang，GENG Sansheng
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 108-111.
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    ‘Guofu 801’is a new screw type early ripening hot pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘18-Y292’as female parent with inbred line‘18-Y2’as male parent．Its first flower sets on the 9-10th node．The plant has strong growth vigor．It has strong successive fruit-bearing ability with concentrated fruiting in the middle and lower layers．The fruit is of cow horn shape with screw type．The single fresh fruit is 100-140 g in weight，approximately 29.0 cm in length and 4.8 cm in width．The color of green mature fruit is green and matured one is red．Its VC content is 936 mg · kg-1，capsaicin content is 334 mg · kg-1．The variety is resistance to TMV．Its average yield is about 90 t · hm-2．And it is suitable for cultivation in protected fields and open fields in the northwest of China．
  • A New Red Carrot F1 Hybrid—‘Jingyu 189’
    HUANG Jianxin，OU Chenggang，ZHANG Yifan，LIU Xing，ZHAO Zhiwei，ZHUANG Feiyun
    China Vegetables. 2023, 1(7): 111-113.
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    ‘Jingyu 189’is a new red carrot F1 hybrid developed by crossing cytoplasmic male sterility line‘P633A’as female parent and inbred line‘P666F’as male parent．It is an early maturing variety．The epidermis and phloem of storage root are red with high content of lycopene〔639.5 mg · kg-1（DW）〕．The root is of cylinder shape with rounded tip and smooth epidermis．The length and diameter of root is 18.0-20.0 cm and 2.5-3.0 cm，respectively．The single root weight is about 150 g，and the yield is about 45.0 t · hm-2．‘Jingyu 189’is suitable for the North of China in spring and most regions in summer-autumn．
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