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01 September 2020, Volume 1 Issue 9
    

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  • Research Progress of Micro-nano-bubble Technology and Its Application in Fruits and Vegetables after Harvest
    WANG Xue-qing，ZUO Jin-hua，YAN Zhi-cheng，SHI Jun-yan，WANG Qing，GUAN Wen-qiang
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 19-24.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Micro-nano-bubble（MNBs）technology has the characteristics of large specific surface area，strong gas solubility and Zeta potential on the surface，etc．It has greater research significance and application prospect in areas of environmental treatment，cleaning，biomedicine and agriculture，etc．Combined with ozone（O3），carbon dioxide（CO2），1-methylcyclopropene（1-MCP），etc. gases，micronano-bubble technology can be used for postharvest fruits and vegetables nonchemical washing and retaining freshness，using ozone micro-nano-bubbles，carbon dioxide micro-nano-bubbles treatments to reduce harmful microorganism quantity and achieve the aim of retaining freshness．1-MCP micro-nano-bubbles can prolong the shelf life of fruits and vegetables by inhibiting ethylene generation．This paper reviewed the research progress made in micro-nano-bubbles technology and its application in fruits and vegetables postharvest cleaning．It also provided theoretical basis for the postharvest use of fruits and vegetables．
  • Occurrence and Development Trend of Pepper Virus Disease in China—Based on Main Pepper Producing Areas Investigation in 2018 and 2019
    YU Hai-long，JIN Yuan，LIU Jing，ZHANG Bao-xi，ZHANG Zheng-hai，CAO Ya-cong，WANG Li-hao
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 25-30.
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    In order to identify the kinds and development trends of pepper diseases in China，a total of 105 samples with suspected infected symptoms of virus diseases were collected in the main pepper producing areas of 16 provinces （municipalities，autonomous regions） in China from 2018-2019．The 12 major pepper viruses were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （DAS-ELISA）．The results showed that 70 samples were infected with virus diseases．The virus detection rate was 66.67%，and 10 kinds of viruses were detected．Among them，PMMoV had the highest detection rate-24.76%，followed by CMV，BBWV-1，2，TEV and TSWV．Their detection rates were 19.05%，12.38%，12.38%，and 10.48%，respectively．The complex infection of multiple viruses is relatively common in the pepper producing areas of China．The complex infection rate of viruses was 40%．Among them，the complex infection rate of 2 kinds virus was the highest reaching 28.57%．Comparing the virus disease testing results between 2018 and 2019，the detection rate of 7 viruses had arising trend．In summary，this study found that PMMoV and CMV were the severer viruses harming China's pepper production in recent 2 years．In addition，PMMoV，BBWV-1，2，TEV，and TSWV damages were on the rise having epidemic risk．
  • Analysis on ToCV and TYLCV Co-infection Ratio and Sequence Phylogeny in 6 Provinces of China
    HU Rong，FENG Li-xiao，ZHANG Yu，ZHANG Song-bai，ZHENG De-yong，LIU Yong
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 31-35.
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    From 2017-2019，in major tomato producing areas of 6 Chinese provinces，tomato samples suspected to be infected by tomato chlorosis virus（ToCV） and（or） tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCV）were collected．This paper conducted RT-PCR or PCR by specific primers，then carried out phylogenetic analysis on PCR products conforming to expected band size after sequencing．Results showed that the recombination co-infection ratio of ToCV and TYLCV from 6 Chinese provinces was 25.29%，among them those of 2 virus from Shandong Province was the highest-46.43%．Results of sequences analysis indicated that the homology of measured ToCV CP gene sequence with reported corresponding sequence was over 98.30%．There were no obvious genetic differentiation in ToCV CP gene sequences．The homology of partial sequence of TYLCV genome with published corresponding sequence was over 96.00%，and no distinct genetic differentiation was occurred．
  • Construction of Yeast Two-hybrid cDNA Library in Response to MNSV Infection in Melon
    WU Hui-jie，KANG Bao-shan，PENG Bin，LIU Li-feng，GU Qin-sheng
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 36-40.
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    In order to analyze the interaction between melon necrotic spot virus（MNSV）and host melon and screen the host factors interacted with the protein encoded by MNSV，this paper constructed cDNA library of melon infected with MNSV．During the cotyledon stage，melon variety ‘Baimei’which is susceptible to MNSV was inoculated with MNSV．After the plant showed typical necrotic spot symptom，the melon seedlings with remarkable symptom were collected．The double strand cDNA was synthesized by switching mechanism at 5′end of RNA transcript（SMART） technique．Then the cDNA was treated by duplex-specific nuclease（DSN）．For the first time，the paper constructed the melon yeast cDNA library and evaluated the quality of this library．The library capacity was 4.5×106 cfu．Its titer was 3.6×107 cfu · mL-1．The library recombination rate was 100%．The size of inserting fragment of the library was 500-2 000 bp，indicating that the library had very good quality．Construction of this library has laid a foundation for analyzing interaction between MNSV and host，and understanding melon response to MNSV pathogenic mechanism．
  • Effects of Potassium and Nitrogen Interaction on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Tomato Leaves，Fruit Yield and Quality
    WANG Jun-wei，HUANG Ke，DONG Yue-xia，LI Zhong-qiang，JI Yue-na，WU Qiu-yun
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 41-49.
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    Under the condition of substrate cultivation in greenhouse，taking tomato‘A20’as test material，this experiment adopted response surface central composite design with 2 factors and 5 levels；and studied the effects of different N and K nutrient combination treatments on tomato single plant yield，fruit quality，carbon and nitrogen metabolite，and enzyme activities of tomato leaf blades．The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen nutrient（within the scope of 74-414 mg · L-1），carbon and nitrogen metabolite，and enzyme activities of tomato leaf blades showed the tendency of first rise then decrease．With the increase of potassium nutrition（within the scope of 101-525 mg · L-1），the sugar content and sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS），activities of acid invertase（AI）and neutral invertase（NI）in tomato leaf blades showed an increasing tendency．While，the nitrogen metabolites and activities of Sucrose synthetase （SS），Nitrate reductase（NR），Glutarmine synthetase（GS）and Glutaymate synthase（GOGAT）increased initially and then decreased．Through constructing quadratic regression equation between various index and nitrogin/potassium 2 factors，we found that nitrogen and potassium nutrient was the main factor affecting nitrogen and carbon metabolism in tomato leaf blades．The interaction of nitrogen and potassium had significant effect on free amino acid content and Glutamine synthetase（GS）activity in tomato leaves．The correlation analysis showed that there was a high correlation between tomato yield，fruit quality and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves．Nitrogen and potassium nutrition worked together on the process of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaf blades，and then to affect tomato yield and quality．Therefore，in actual vegetable production，reasonable combined application of nitrogen and potassium nutrient could promote carbon and nitrogen metabolism，thus acheiving high yield and superior quality．After we comprehensively analyzed the experement result，we understand that when the nitrogen content in nutrient solution was 300-350 mg · L-1 and potassium nutrient was 370-520 mg · L-1，the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in tomato leaf blades was exuberant，and tomato yield and fruit quality could reach a higher level．
  • Phenotypic Evaluation on Main Agronomic Traits of Germplasm Resources of Green Radish
    ZHENG Si-yu，FAN Wei-qiang，WANG Chao-nan，ZHANG Hong，HUANG Zhi-yin，LI Mei，HUA De-ping，ZHANG Bin
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 50-56.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Phenotypic evaluation of major agronomic traits is an important accordance for green radish breeding．This paper carried out variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis and clustering analysis on 33 major agronomic traits of 48 germplasm resources of green radish．The results showed that there were variation of different degrees in 9 quantitative traits．The variation coefficient of single plant weight was maximum-32.46%，and that of leaf width was minimum-14.67%．There existed complicated correlation among typical agronomic traits taking fleshy root as main body．There were 29 pairs with extreme significant correlation and 8 pairs with significant correlation．There were 9 principal components extracted from 33 agronomic traits，and their cumulative contribution rate was 78.937%，basically reflecting the agronomic traits information of the upper and under ground parts of green radish．When the squared Euclidean distance coefficient was 8.5，the 48 germplasm resources of green radish could be divided into 3 groups．The first group included 33 materials with major characteristics of plant height，stretching degree，leaf length，leaf width and leaf blade number．Those values were the least among the 3 groups．The second group included 14 materials with major characteristics of plant type，medium size of leaf blades，etc．The third group included only 1 material．Its plant height，stretching degree，single plant weight and single root weight was the largest among these 3 groups．
  • Isolation of Potato Phytophthora Parasitica and Field Control Effect in Xiapu County of Fujian Province
    LI Hua-wei，LIN Zhi-jian，XU Guo-chun，LUO Wen-bin，JI Rong-chang，QIU Si-xin，TANG Hao
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 57-63.
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    In order to identify the pathogens causing potato blackleg disease in Xiapu County，Fujian Province，this study collected samples of potato blackleg disease from potato planting areas of Xiapu County and separated pathogens；then carried out identification on bacterial colony form，pathogenicity and 16S rDNA sequences．At the same time，this study conducted field medicament control experiments．The results of sequences analysis and specificity detection showed that the pathogens causing potato blackleg disease in Xiapu County，Fujian Province was carrot soft rot pectic bacillus carrots subspecies（Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum）．The collected 5 bacterial strains all having virulence to cause blackleg rot symptoms in potato stem and macerating in tuber tissue．The results of medicament control experiments showed that the control effect of 46% copper hydroxide wettable powder 1 000 times liquid and 2% spring reomycin water shot granule 300 times liquid were significantly higher than that of the other medicament treatments．The yield and commercial potato rate were significantly improved compared with the contrast without using any medicament．Besides，their comprehensive control effects were outstanding．
  • Influence of Farmers’Human Capital on Adoption of Vegetable Planting Technology
    LIU Ze，MU Yue-ying，XU Na
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 64-70.
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    Vegetable production are labor-intensive and technology-intensive planting industry．Farmers’adoption of vegetable production technology is crucial．Based on data from a sample survey of farmer households in main vegetable producing areas of Shandong，Liaoning and Hebei Provinces，this paper focused on studying how human capital affecting the adoption of planting technology．On the basis of carrying out clustering analysis on human capital of rural households，the paper adopted negative binomial regression analysis method to conduct an empirical analysis from the perspective of human capital of rural households on the technology adoption behavior of rural households．The results indicated that according to the salient characteristics of proprietary vegetable production farmer households，there were 3 types：young farmer households，experienced farmer households，and social farmer households．The age of household heads and the second term of age had positive and negative effects on adoptive numbers of vegetable cultivation technology，respectively．The identity of village cadres，number of years for vegetable cultivation and frequency of being trained and guided by government organizations had positive effect on the adoptive numbers of technology．
  • Analysis on Fertilization Status and Potential of Fertilizer Reduction in Greenhouse Vegetable Fields in Beijing
    LIU Kan，GUO Li-na，JIA Yu-xuan，XIA Xin-yue，LI Tong，DUAN Bi-hua，SHI Sheng-wei
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 71-81.
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    Through proceeding field investigation on the fertilizer application of 352 greenhouse vegetable fields in Beijing，this paper aimed to find out the fertilization status in greenhouse vegetable fields and existing problems，so as to estimate the potential for fertilizer reduction．The results showed that the nutrients input to greenhouse vegetable fields in Beijing（nutrients over standard rate＞72%）were generally exceeded the recommended fertilizing amount．There were significant differences in fertilizing amount between different kinds of greenhouses．The average input quantities of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium（N，P2O5 and K2O）were 858，409，572 kg · hm-2 in solar greenhouses，which were significantly higher than those in plastic-covered tunnels．The average input quantities of N，P2O5 and K2O were 593，317，438 kg · hm-2，respectively．Nutrients in greenhouse vegetable fields mainly came from basally applied organic fertilizers．The total nutrients input amount in solar greenhouses and plastic-covered tunnels were 66% and 52%，respectively．There was huge potential in fertilizer reduction for different vegetable varieties．Potentials of fertilizer reduction for total quantities of N，P2O5 and K2O were 61%-62% for brassica，43%-48% for cucumber，and 18%-47% for eggplant，respectively．The input ratios of N∶P2O5∶K2O were 1∶0.47∶0.66 and 1∶0.53∶0.73 in solar greenhouses and plastic-covered tunnels，respectively，indicating that the potassium fertilizer input was relatively insufficient．We suggested to accelerate the popularization and application by integration of water and fertilizer technology in greenhouse vegetable production and reinforce technical guidance for greenhouse vegetable fertilization，especially to reduce N and P2O5 inputs in solar greenhouses，so as to avoid waste of natural resources and environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization．
  • A New Eggplant F1 Hybrid —‘Zhuqie No.15’
    WANG Yong，JIANG Jun，ZHAO Hong-xing，LI Yan，WU Xue-xia，ZHA Ding-shi
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 82-84.
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    ‘Zhuqie No.15’is a new green eggplant F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘P04-11’as female parent and high generation inbred line‘Zhu Q-25’as male parent．It is of early and middle maturity．The plant has strong growth vigor．The fruit is of oval shape．It is about 15.0 cm in length and about 10.6 cm in width．The average single fruit weight is 0.52 kg．Its peel is shining green，and pulp is medium hard with good commodity．Generally at first stage it can yield about 16.5 t · hm-2．Its total yield is about 79.5 t · hm-2．In field its resistance to bacterial wilt，blight plague and Verticillium wilt is stronger than that of the contrast‘Zhengyanzaoqingqie’．It is suitable for cultivation in greenhouses and open fields in spring and autumn in Henan Province and surrounding provinces．
  • A New Carmine Radish F1 Hybrid —‘Yanzhihong No.3’
    TAO Hong-ying，LYU Fa-sheng，ZENG Xiao-xia，PENG Cai，YANG Xia，LUAN Xing-mao，CAI Min，LI Ya-ling
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 85-87.
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    ‘Yanzhihong No.3’is a new carmine radish F1 hybrid developed by crossing CMS line‘09S77A’as female parent and inbred line‘0484B’as male parent．It is 100-120 days from seedling emergence to harvesting fleshy roots．Its leaves are feathery and dehiscent．The leaf blades are green in color．Its petiole and middle rib are purplish red in color．The fleshy root is short and of conical shape and about 7 cm in length，about 8 cm in width．Its peel is purple red and flesh is dark red in color．The single root weight is about 250 g．The pigment content is about 17‰．Its average yield is about 27 t · hm-2．It is suitable to be planted as pigment and for pickle processing in Chongqing areas．
  • A New Melon F1 Hybrid —‘Tianmei 63’
    PENG Dong-xiu，ZHANG Ruo-wei，WU Yun-peng，LI Ken
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 88-90.
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    ‘Tianmei 63’is a new early ripening muskmelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing high generation inbred line‘E-132’as female parent and high generation inbred line‘E-126’as male parent．The fruit development period is about 30 days and total growth period is about 90 days．The fruit is of club shape．Its single fruit weight is about 0.7 kg．Its peel is white in color，and light yellow at the top when it is matured．The pulp is white in color．The soluble solid content is about 14%．It tastes crisp．The plant has strong growth vigor．It is resistant to downy mildew and Fusarium wilt，medium resistant to powdery mildew．It can yield about 52.5 t · hm-2．It is suitable to be cultivated in spring in protected and open fields in most areas of China．
  • A New Water Chestnut Variety —‘Guiti No.4’
    JIANG Wen，HUANG Cheng-mei，GAO Mei-ping，CHEN Li-juan，CAI Bing-hua，HE Qingshi，LAI Song-xin
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(9): 91-93.
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    ‘Guiti No.4’a new early-medium ripening water chestnut cultivar developed by taking‘Guiti No.2’as material，screened and bred from mutant single plant of stem-tip tissue culture．The whole growth period is 130-140 days．The plant has strong growth vigor．The corm is of transverse ellipsoid shape．The umbilical region is slightly flat．Its peel is brownish white in color．Its starch content is 47.0 mg · g-1，and soluble sugar content is 7.95%．It tastes crisp and sweet with less dregs and good quality．The average single corm weight is 26.2 g．It can yield about 33 t · hm-2．In the fields，its resistance to stem blight is equivalent to that of the contrast‘Guiti No.2’．It is suitable to be planted in Guangxi and surrounding areas．
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