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01 May 2020, Volume 1 Issue 5
    

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  • Occurrence，Distribution and Prevention of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus
    ZHANG Yu，ZHANG Song-bai，ZHANG De-yong，LIU Hui，ZHANG Zhan-hong，ZHANG You-jun，LIU Yong
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 12-17.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Tomato brown rugose fruit virus（ToBRFV），new member of genus Tobamovirus，causes an emergent disease that primarily affects Solanaceae crops including tomato and pepper．ToBRFV has been epidemically threaten the Solanaceae crops in Europe，America．Its first discovery was in Israel tomato in 2014．ToBRFV was first documented to infect tomato in Shandong Province in 2019．We should be vigilant．It might break out and bring harm to China．This paper summarizes the research progress made in its distribution at home and abroad，its damage symptoms，transmission ways，diagnostic methods of ToBRFV，etc．The paper also put forward integrated prevention and control countermeasures，referring to the characteristics of infection cycle of Tobamovirus．The further research focuses were also prospected．
  • Genetic Analysis of Salt Tolerance of Rootstock-used Pumpkin
    ZHANG Ya-wen，WANG Jian，GE Rui-dong，GUO Shi-rong，SHU Sheng，WANG Yu，SUN Jin，LI Xing
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 18-25.
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    This study selected 6 inbred lines of Cucurbita moschata with different salt tolerance as material，analyzed the combining ability of salt tolerance of hybrid progeny by complete double-column hybridization method，and studied the inheritance of salt tolerance of rootstock-used pumpkin．Combining the analysis on each combining ability，we selected relatively excellent preparation combinations from 36 combinations as 18C0077×18C0005，18C0077×18C0046，18C0077×18C0049，18C0024×18C0046，18C0024×18C0049，18C0024×18C0026．At the same time，genetic analysis was conducted on salt tolerance of rootstock-used pumpkin by quantitative trait genetic models，taking the 6 generations（P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F2） achieved by crossing rootstock-used pumpkin inbred line ‘18C0077’（P1）with strong salt tolerance and rootstock-used pumpkin inbred line‘ 18C0005’（P2） with weak salt tolerance as material．The results showed that the inheritance of salt tolerance of rootstock-used pumpkin was consistent with the ‘2 pairs of additive - dominant - superior main gene+additive - dominant polygene’ model．The genetic rate of main gene of salt tolerance in each generation of rootstock-used pumpkin was 34.62%-62.08%，giving priority to the main gene inheritance，and the heritability of the main gene in B1 was the highest，which was suitable for selection in early generations．
  • QTL Analysis of Melon Stigma Color
    GUO Yu，GUO Hai-yan，LUO Lan，LIU Shi，GAO Ye，ZHANG Tai-feng，LUAN Fei-shi，WANG Xue-zheng
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 26-33.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this experiment，200 F2 populations were obtained from green stigma melon ‘MR-1’and yellow stigma melon ‘TN’ as parents，and based on resequencing the SNP-CAPS markers and BSA technology were developed for construction of the molecular map．A genetic linkage map containing 12 linkage groups and 135 CAPS markers was constructed，covering a genome length of 2 731.97 cM．QTL analysis was conducted on the related characters of melon stigma color（yellow or green） by this map．Twelve QTLs related to stigma color were obtained．There were 4 QTLs related to stigma total chlorophyll content，3 QTLs related to stigma carotenoid content，2 QTLs related to stigma color card，and 3 QTLs related to the ratio of stigma total chlorophyll content to stigma carotenoid content，distributing in 1，2，4，5，7，8，11，12 on the linkage group，explaining 4.63%-20.44% phenotypic variation．The main effect sites regulating stigma total chlorophyll content，stigma carotenoid content and stigma color card were SChC-1-1，SCaC-12-1and SCoC-2-1．Their contribution rates were 18.78%，12.08%，20.44%，respectively．
  • Effects of Seed Soaking with Spermidine on Tomato Seed Germination and Seedling Tolerance to High Temperature
    WANG Yu，LIU Guo-zhou，CAI Li-cong，GUO Shi-rong
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 34-39.
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    Taking tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L. ）variety ‘Hezuo 903’as material，and treating the seeds with 0，0.1，0.2，0.4 mmol · L-1 spermidine（Spd） for 10 hours，this paper studied the effect of different concentrations of Spd on seed germination，seedling growth and high temperature tolerance．The results showed that the seed soaking treatment with different Spd concentrations could significantly increase the germination index and vigour index of tomato seeds．The underground root dry weight of tomato seedlings and strong seedling index could also be remarkably increased．Among them，the germination rate and vigour index under 0.2 mmol · L-1 Spd treatment were the fastest and highest．Spd treatment could reduce the relative electrolyte permeability of tomato leaves under high temperature stress，contents of malondialdehyde（MDA）and H2O2．The relative electrolyte permeability，MDA and H2O2 contents under 0.2 mmol · L-1 Spd treatment were the lowest，while the activities of antioxidant enzyme（SOD，APX，DHAR）were increased and reached the peak value when treated with 0.2 mmol · L-1．To sum up，seed soaking with 0.2 mmol · L-1 Spd treatment could effectively promote tomato seed germination and seedling growth and improve tomato seedlings tolerance to high temperature．
  • Studies on Cultivation Mode of East-west Ridge for Tomato Cultivation with Bags in Sliding-cover Solar Greenhouse
    YANG Yu-song，ZHENG Xin-yu，LIU Jie，SUN Zhou-ping
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 40-47.
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    This paper studied tomato east-west ridge cultivation mode in modern slide-cover solar greenhouse by substrate bags cultivation method．Through analyzing the canopy mini-environment of tomato cultivation with different ridge direction，plants growth vigour，yield，quality，the paper discussed the factors affecting yield formation of cultivation mode with east-west ridge in solar greenhouses．Results indicated that with the same planting density，the solar radiation and air temperature in tomato canopy were higher under the east-west ridge than that under south-north ridge．There were no significant differences in stem diameter，leaf area and leaf area index and underground dry weight．The plant height under EW-4 treatment was significantly increased 13.07% than SN-3 treatment；above ground dry weight was 473.10 g，decreased 19.26% and 6.86%，respectively than that of SN-1 and SN-3 treatments．The average single fruit weight and unit area yield were all significantly higher than that of SN-1 and SN-3 treatment．The fruit soluble solid matter contents were higher than that of SN-1 and SN-3 treatments．The solar radiation on the tomato canopy of EW-1（2.2 plants · m-2）was higher，and air temperature of EW-4 was also higher among different planting densities under the east-west ridge．The plant height and LAI of EW-5（3.3 plants · m-2）were significantly higher than those of the other treatments．Leaf area and dry biomass accumulation above ground of EW-4 were greater．The dry biomass accumulation underground of EW-1 was higher than those of the others．In terms of tomato fruit yield，the average single plant yield and yield per unit area of EW-3（2.6 plants · m-2）were 3.68 kg per plant and 9.57 kg · m-2，respectively，which were significantly higher than those under the other density treatments．There were no remarkable differences in contents of soluble sugar，organic acid，VC and sugaracid ratio in tomato fruits of various treatments．The results of path analysis showed the average single fruit weight and average single plant yield had direct effects on yield per unit area．To sum up，in slide-cover solar greenhouse the yield of tomato cultivated with bag under east-west ridge was higher than that under south-north ridge；and under east-west ridge planting with 2.6 plants · m-2 density could obtain higher yield．
  • Effects of Applying Soil Conditioner on Soil Arsenic Uptake by Eruca sativa Mill.var. sativa in Acidic Soil
    TANG Ruo-tong，LI Ge-wei，SUN Run-ze，FAN Bing-qian，CHEN Qing
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 48-53.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Excessive manure application in vegetable protected fields may cause arsenic（As）accumulation in soil．Optimum soil conditioner application can inhibit As uptake by plant and achieve safe vegetable production．This study selected 3 kinds soil conditioner，including Yiding soil conditioner（YC），compound fertilizer of calcium silicon magnesium potassium（CSMP），woody peat（WP）；conducted a pot experiment by acid soil to investigate the influences of different applying rates（1.3 g · kg-1 and 13 g · kg-1）on soil As stabilization effect and As uptake by Eruca sativa Mill. var. sativa．Results showed that the application of 13 g · kg-1 YC and CSMP could significantly increase soil pH，while the application of 13 g·kg-1 WP could significantly increase the soil organic carbon content．The application of 1.3 g · kg-1 WP could significantly decrease the As content by 5.17% in soil．Compared with the control treatment without adding any soil conditioner，these 3 soil conditioners could promote the growth of Eruca sativa Mill. var. sativa．YC application at the rate of 1.3 g · kg-1 could obtain the highest shoot fresh weight of Eruca sativa Mill. var.sativa，which was significantly increased by 51.3%．Additionally，the application of all soil conditioners could remarkably decrease the As contents in shoot of Eruca sativa Mill. var. sativa．
  • Effects of Different Rootstocks on Seedling Growth and Side Branch Germination of Grafted Watermelon
    LI Wei-qiang，CHE Ya-li，ZENG Feng，SONG Quan-bin，XIE Feng-chun，WANG Wen-jun
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 54-58.
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    This paper took watermelon cultivar ‘Xiaolan’ as scion；selected 6 cucurbit rootstocks and 4 pumpkin rootstocks to conduct cut grafting；and studied the effects of different rootstocks on survival rate，scion growth and side branch germination of grafted watermelon．The results showed that the survival rate of cucurbit rootstock grafting was higher than that of pumpkin rootstocks，reaching over 90% averagely．The higher survival rate of pumpkin rootstock‘ Dongfangmingzhu’was 92.81%．Using cucurbit rootstock‘ Ligen’and pumpkin rootstock ‘Dongfangmingzhu’ had significant influence on scion growth．Their scion plant height，stem diameter，number of leaves，dry and fresh weight，Chlorophyll （a+b）and carotenoid contents and root activity were significantly higher than that of the control groups of ‘Qianggen’ and ‘Jingxinzhen No.2’．Among the cucurbit rootstock varieties，‘ZM-1’ and ‘Ligen’ had smaller leaves and shorter petioles of the side branch，while the side branch of pumpkin rootstock ‘Dongfangmingzhu’ and ‘Jingxinzhen No.4’grew more slowly．The comprehensive evaluation deemed that using cucurbit rootstock ‘Ligen’ and pumpkin rootstock ‘Dongfangmingzhu’ for watermelon grafting could achieve a high survival rate，promote scion growth，and decrease the side branch germination．Therefore，they could be selected as proper reference rootstocks for grafting cultivation of watermelon．
  • Effects of Different Cultivation Pattern on Strawberry Growth and Development
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 59-64.
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    Taking ‘Benihoppe’ strawberry as test material，this experiment carried out 3 cultivation modes，including soil cultivation，semi-substrate cultivation and viaduct cultivation to promote cultivation in solar greenhouse，and compaired the effects of different cultivation modes on strawberry growth，development and yield，quality and economic benefit．The results indicated that the slow seedling rates of semi-substrate cultivation and viaduct cultivation were obviousely faster than that of soil cultivation．As for phenological phase，the first fruit stage and full fruit stage under semi-substrate cultivation were the earliest，and that of soil cultivation were the latest．The order of plant growth vigour from strong to weak was viaduct cultivation＞semi-substrate cultivation＞soil cultivation．Before Spring Festival，the yields of soil culture，semi-substrate culture and viaduct cultivation were 6 921，8 808，7 602 kg · hm-2，respectively．The total yields were 28.1，28.1 and 28.8 t · hm-2，respectively．The sugar content，sugar-acid ratio，total content of 16 amino acids，and VC contents of fruit cultivated in soil were the highest，and that of fruit cultivated in viaduct cultivation were the lowest．The total incomes in soil cultivation，semi-substrate cultivation and viaduct cultivation were 769 818，826 269，803 886 yuan · hm-2，and the net profit were 184 154，272 241，202 856 yuan · hm-2，respectively．The input-output ratio was 1：1.31，1：1.49，1：1.34，respectively．To sum up，when strawberry was cultivated in solar greenhouse，adopting semi-substrate cultivation mode could achieve high yield at the early stage with the best economic benefit．The viaduct cultivation mode could have the highest yield，and the soil cultivation mode had the best quality．
  • Investigation and Analysis of Input-output Characteristics of Vegetable Farmers in Beijing
    CHEN Hong-wei，MU Yue-ying，SHEN Chen
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 65-69.
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    Taking questionnaire survey combined with household interview，this paper investigated and analyzed the characteristics of labor input，land input，water resource input，planting technology adoption，quality and safety production，cost and profit in vegetable input and output of Beijing from the perspective of farmers．The results showed that the productive scale of vegetables in Beijing is smaller，mainly taking plastic tents and greenhouses as the principle．Vegetable farmers have a correct understanding about declining underground water．They think that the price for irrigation water is more reasonable，and they are satisfied with the reliability of irrigation facilities．The proportion of plastic film mulching，pot seedling raising and high temperature smothering shed in many vegetable planting techniques are higher．The farmers have more active attitude towards quality and safety production，and pay more attention to the quality and safety of vegetables in the postpartum stage．Labor fee，fertilizer fee and seedling fee form the main parts of vegetables production cost．To sum up，it is suggested to promote the development of large-scale vegetable production，perfect environment-friendly technology promotion system，improve management system for vegetables quality & safety production，and advocate the reasonable input for production means．
  • Analysis of Pest Species and Population Dynamics of Highland Solanaceous Vegetables in Hubei Province
    JIAO Zhen-biao，JIAO Zhong-jiu，WU Jin-ping，ZHU Feng-juan，GUO Feng-ling，ZHOU Jie，LIU Zhi-xiong，CHEN Lei-fu，QIU Zheng-ming
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 70-76.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Solanaceous vegetables Capsicum annuum and Solanum lycopersicum are 2 major vegetable crops planted on highland of Hubei Province．Pests cause serious yield lost．In order to determine the pest species and regularity of outbreak of Solanaceous vegetables in upland of Hubei Province，this paper studied the pests species and population dynamics of high land tomato and pepper，by field surveys combined with black light lamp trapping from 2010-2018 in Changyang Tujia Autonomy County，Hubei Province with 400，1 200，1 600 m altitudes，respectively．The results showed that pests of highland C. annuum and S.lycopersicum consisted of 6 catalogues，23 families and 42 species．Among them 10 species were severe pests．The pests species in high altitude regions were less than that in low altitude regions．Among them Heliothis assulta，Spodoptera litura，Myzus Persicae，Agrotis ypsilon and Liriomyza bryoniae all can cause severe damage in Solanaceous vegetables fi elds with diff erent altitude．While，Acanthocoris scaber，Nephotettix bipunctatus，Locusta migratoria manilensis，Monolepta hieroglyphica，Cicadella viridis，Ducetia thymibolia and Teleogryllus mitrotus relieved their damage along with the rise of altitude．The Nephrotoma sp．indicated higher population density in high altitude regions compared to low altitude regions．
  • Creation of New Parent Materials and Breeding of New Flowering Chinese Cabbage Variety—‘18A1’
    ZHANG De-shuang，ZHANG Feng-lan，YU Yang-jun，ZHAO Xiu-yun，YU Shuan-cang，WANG Weihong，SU Tong-bing，LI Pei-rong，LU Gui-xiang
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 77-80.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to broaden the breeding germplasm resources of flowering Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）var. utilis Tsen et Lee〕，and screen superior parent material，so as to select and breed male sterile coeno-species of flowering Chines cabbage，this experiment took 3 ways of hybridization，including inter subsubspecies between flowering Chinese cabbage with Brassica rapa，interspecies with Brassica juncea，and natural mutant selection to create and identify superior breeding materials for flowering Chinese cabbage；widely transferred the cytoplasmic male sterile lines of CMS96，and made up CMS96 cytoplasmic male sterile line group．Results showed that these 3 ways of hybridization were effective to create germplasm resources of flowering Chinese cabbage．Using inter subspecies hybridization，we gained CMS96 cytoplasmic male sterile lines，petal type turnip cytoplasm Ogu CMS，flowering Chinese cabbage with dark purple leaf blades，and with decumbency leaf blades；by interspecific hybridization，we gained flowering Chinese cabbage with round and serrated leaf，with bright green and light purple leaf blades．Through natural mutation selection，we achieved orange and milky white flowering Chinese cabbage and recessive nuclear male sterility line．At the same time，‘CMS96.nongjiacaixin 8’was crossed with‘Xinxilan 50 days’inbred line，and a new variety of‘18A1’was successfully bred．‘18A1’is a variety of mid-maturity with dark green leaves．Its stalk is oily green in color，crisp，tender with good taste．It is suitable to be planted in autumn and winter in Guangzhou，and the other southern regions．
  • A New Mini Chinese Cabbage F1 Hybrid—‘Jingchunwa No.4’
    YU Yang-jun，ZHANG Feng-lan，ZHANG De-shuang，ZHAO Xiu-yun，YU Shuan-cang，WANG Wei-hong，SU Tong-bing，LI Pei-rong
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 81-84.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    ‘Jingchunwa No.4’is a new mini Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid bred by crossing self imcompatible line‘07QX4B’with‘0841’．It is of early maturity and takes about 55-60 days from sowing to harvest．Its plant type is shorter．The outer leaf is dark green in color with light green petiole．Its head is of cylindrical shape and flat-topped with 22-23 cm head height and 13-14 cm diameter．Its inner leaves section is deep yellow in color．The average single head weight is about 1.4 kg．It can yield about 75 t · hm-2．Its tolerance to bolting is strong．In fields，its resistance to verticillium wilt is stronger than that of the contrasts‘Chunyuehuang’，‘Linglonghuang 012’and‘Naihanjinhuanghou’．It tastes sweet and crisp．It is suitable to be planted as larger head of mini Chinese cabbage．It can be planted 90 000 plants · hm-2．It is suitable to be planted in spring and autumn in Beijing and Yunnan，and in summer on highland（800-1 800 m above sea level）of Zhangjiakou of Hebei，Gansu and Yunnan．
  • A New Processing-purpose Pepper F1 Hybrid—‘Tianjiao No.19’
    LU Jian-ping，LI Tong，HUO Jian-tai，LI Peng-kui，LU Wen-sheng，HUO Jian-ping
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 85-87.
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    ‘Tianjiao No.19’is a new processing-purpose pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘12-135’as female parent and inbred line‘12-178’as male parent．This variety is of medium maturity．Its fruit is of finger shape．The ripe fruit is dark red in color with smooth surface．Its fruit is 17.5 cm in length and 2.85 cm in width．The average single fruit weight is 37.2 g．It can yield about 5.4 t · hm-2 dry pepper．The clarity of the pigment is 15.2．It can be used as a special pepper variety for extracting capsanthin．It is suitable to be cultivated in Gansu Province and regions with similar climate conditions in open feilds．
  • A New Cowpea Cultivar—‘Zhijiang 618’
    WANG Bao-gen，WU Xin-yi，XU Pei，WU Xiao-hua，LU Zhong-fu，WANG Ying，LI Guo-jing
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 88-91.
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    ‘Zhijiang 618’is a new cowpea cultivar developed by crossing‘Mazijiangdou’introduced from Sichuan Province as female parent with‘ZH’introduced from Liaoning Province a superior selective strain as male parent．It is a new cowpea variety of medium maturity bred by systematic selection combined with marker assisted wilt resistance identification．As a sprawled plant，‘Zhijiang 618’has purple flowers．The pods can be set both in the main and side vines．The average single plant can set 14.4 pods．The commocial pods are oil green in color．The pod holder is straight with green beak and little rat tail．The average pod length is 63.7 cm and single pod weight is 26.6 g．The pod has thick peel with low fiber content．It tastes glutinous and slight sweet．Its soluble suger content is 24.0 mg · g-1．It is not sensitive to day length and shows middle resistance to furisum wilt and virus disease．Its yield at early stage is equal to that of‘Zhijiang 106’．The total yield is about 30 t · hm-2．It is suitable to be planted in every part of China（except alpine regions）．
  • A New Pumpkin F1 Hybrid—‘Miniyu’
    MA Jian-xiang，WEI Chun-hua，WANG En-yu，LI Wan-ru，ZHANG Xian
    China Vegetables. 2020, 1(5): 91-94.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    ‘Miniyu’is a new pumpkin F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘Su 04-8-09’as female parent and inbred line‘Yu 07-15-10’as male parent．It is of early maturity．It takes 80-85 days from field planting to first harvest of commodity melon under facility cultivation．This variety has strong and successive fruit bearing ability．The fruit is of oblateness shape．Its peel is white in color．The single fruit weight is around 200-300 g．Its pulp tastes sweet and pastries with good quality．Its resistances to virus disease，powdery mildew，and grey mold are stronger than that of the contrast‘Ribenjugua’in fields．It is tolerant to storage and can yield about 24 t · hm-2．This variety is suitable for facility cultivation in Shaanxi Province in spring．
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