ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
The domestic horticultural industry is paying more and more attention to ebb and flood irrigation，responding to the requirements for ecological environment protection，water saving，and reducing application quantities of fertilizer and pesticide. This paper reviewed the ebb and flood irrigation technology in vegetable
seedlings production from history origin，working principle，system composition，technical advantages，research and development status，etc.；and also prospected the problems existing in the present application of this technology.
Brassica vegetables，as an essential part of vegetables，plays an important role in China’s vegetable industry．Its diversity in germplasm resources directly affects the development and upgrading of vegetable industry in China．This paper reviewed the important research results achieved in genetic improvement
and germplasm innovation of Brassica vegetable by distant hybridization，interspesific grafting，somatic hybridization，and molecular breeding．Prospected the future germplasm improvement methods and creation of parental new resources of Brassica vegetables．
In the present study，based on the self-incompatibility pistil determinant SRK genes conserved sequence，a pair degenerate primer was designed to clone the SRK gene sequence in 23 self-incompatible lines and sequenced．SRK gene sequences from 23 cabbage self-incompatible lines were performed alignments analysis to NCBI database，total 10 S-haplotypes，SRK3，SRK7，SRK8，RK16，SRK28，SRK36，SRK45，SRK46，SRK58 and SRK68 were found．Among them，5 self-incompatible lines were belonged to SRK36 S-haplotypes，accounting for 22% of all self-incompatible lines．However，only one S-haplotype self-incompatible line was detected in SRK7，SRK16 and SRK58．Moreover，pollen germination on stigma and pollen tube elongation in pistil were investigated using fluorescence microscopy after pollinated between different self-incompatible lines at flowering stage．The results indicated that pollen germinated well on the stigma and pollen tube grew well in pistil of those self-incompatible lines belonging to different S-haplotypes，whereas the pollen did not germinate
on the stigma of those self-incompatible lines belonging to same S-haplotypes．The compatibility index of 20 cross-combinations of self-incompatible lines at flowering stage was also investigated．The crosses between selfincompatible lines with same S-haplotypes were highly incompatible after pollinated at flowering stage，however，those crosses between self-incompatible lines with different S-haplotypes were highly compatible after pollinated at flowering stage．All the results showed that haplotypes identification of cabbage self-incompatible lines based on the SRK gene sequence analysis was a simple，reliable and fast method for accurate cabbage cross-combination design，and was helpful to improve the efficiency of cabbage heterosis breeding．
Twenty-four Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis）materials were inoculated with 3 kinds of Plasmodiophora brassicae M01，M02 and M03，and all the lines were identified by molecular markers in order to obtain excellent anti-sources and to confirm all materials containing disease resistant genes. The results showed that there were 10 out of 24 materials were resistant to disease. Among them 5 were resistant to 3 kinds of Plasmodiophora. Lines CR004 and CR007 contained the disease resistant gene CRk，CR013 containing disease resistant genes CRa，CRbkato，CRk and Crr3. CR015 and CR016 contained the disease resistant genes CRa，CRbkato and Crr3. All 3 materials showed resistance to M01 and M02. Line CR012 contained disease resistant genes CRa and CRbkato. CR014 and CR018 contained disease resistant genes CRa，CRbkato and CRk. The CR021 line contained disease resistant genes Crr2 and CRk. The CR023 line contained disease resistant genes CRc and CRk showed resistance to M02.
Cucumber Corynespora leaf spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola has become an important new epidemic disease in cucumber production in China．At present，there is no resistant varieties and the infection mechanism of C. cassiicola and its interaction with host are still unknown．In order to investigate the pathogen of C. cassiicola，the RFP-labeled transformant was generated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation（ATMT）．The transformant was able to emit strong red fluorescence on mycelia and conidia during 6 passages of transformants on PDA．The biological determination and pathogenicity test demonstrated that there was no significant differences between the wild strain and the transformant．
In order to acquire the characteristics of acoustic emissions signal of tomato at different growth stages，this paper measured under 6 000 Pa value the water consumption，soil moisture content and acoustic emissions signal of tomato plant，etc. indexes with negative pressure irrigation in tomato potted cultivature
experiment；and studied the changes in water consumption，soil moisture content，acoustic emissions signal and spectral characteristics parameter of tomato plant at different growth stages under negative pressure irrigation. The results showed that the water consumption of tomato plant in initial fruit and full fruit stages was significantly higher than that in seedling stage and flowering stage，and the changes of soil water content tended to be stable after gradually decreasing. The results of continuous monitoring of AE signal indicated that the acoustic emission signal of tomato flowering to fruiting stages，AE signal waveform parameters were decreased gradually，the resonance peak frequency showed a gradual upward trend. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the environmental temperature of greenhouse and soil content was positively correlated with the amplitude of AE waveform parameters，respectively. In summary，through comparative analysis of the characteristics of AE signals，waveform parameters and spectral characteristics of tomato in different growth stages，the ultrasonic signal number，frequency and energy could be associated with tomato growth stages.
This paper studied the effects of 6 scion ages and 6 rootstock ages on graft survival rate，morphological index，chlorophyll content and root activity of seedlings grafted by hole insertion method using 2 factors completely randomized design．The result showed that the root activity firstly increased then decreased along with the increasing of rootstock age．The changes in leaf number，scion dry weight，graft survival rate，stem diameter，chlorophyll content of leaves were varied．With the increasing of scion age，graft survival rate，leaf number，stem diameter，scion dry weight，chlorophyll content of leaves and root activity were all increased then decreased．These watermelon seedlings with 9-13 days scion ages and 11-15 days rootstock ages had higher subordinative function value evaluated by method of membership function．These are the suitable ages of scion and rootstock for grafting by hole insertion method．
In order to select superior new germplasm resources of Momordica charantia，this paper carried out comparision for field characteristics and anaysis on 6 genotypes of Momordica charantia germplasm resources. The results indicated that there were obvious differences in characteristics of leaf，flower and fruit between different Momordica charantia germplasm resources. The first female flower of 6 tested germplasm resources set on 6.59-16.23 knob. The size of first male flower was between 2.1-3.8 cm. The female flower rate was 16.40%-56.21%. The single fruit weight was 2.3-41.2 g. No. 2014，2017 and 2019 had the highest yield about 24.9-28.8 t·hm-2. There were no significant differences in the contents of protein，moisture and crude fiber between the tested germplasm
genotypes and common Momordica. But the contents of VC，Ca and Fe in Momordica charantia were obviousely higher than those in common Momordica. Its Ca content was 5-7 times of that in commmon Momordica，and Fe content was 9-36 times of that in commmon Momordica. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the above character indexes，2 germplasm resources No. 2014 and No. 2019 performed had the best character with better value for plantation and development.
This paper carried out diversity evaluation on the 6 agronomic traits of plant height，leaf length，leaf width，pseudostem length and diameter，bulb weight of the 81 accessions of garlic germplasm resources collected from Sichuan area；and at the same time conducted correlation analysis combined with altitude by
principal component analysis and clustering analysis. The results showed that the garlic resources in Sichuan area had rich genetic variation. The variable coefficient of the above 6 agronomic traits were 19.13%-73.43%，among which the variable coefficient of the bulb weight was as high as 73.43%. The 6 agronomic traits could be integrated into 3 principal components and the cumulative contribution rates accounted for 87.804 6%. The first principal component represented the plant type，the second and the third principal components represented bulb weight. Based on the principal component analysis，the 81 accessions of garlic resources were classified into 4 groups at the level of Euclidean distance 169.8 by clustering analysis. As important resources，group Ⅱ was the important resource for breeding one-clove garlic variety，and group Ⅲ was important resource for high-yield variety. The altitude was significant positive correlation with garlic bulb weight，while was extremely significant negative correlation with plant height and pseudostem length.
Striped flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata is one of the most hard control pests in Brassicaceae family，and causes extensive damage to yield and quality of crops. This experiment took Raphanus sativus cv. ‘Fengshou 303’ as material，and studied the control effect of entomopathogenic nematodes（EPN）in managing
larva of P. striolata on cultivated radish . The results showed that EPN could significantly reduce the population density of larva of P. striolata on radish. When EPN was applied 0 d，15 d，and 30 d after sowing，the control effect could reach over 75% in plot experiment field and more than 70% in wide field trail.
‘Haqie V8’ is a new eggplant F1 hybrid developed by crossing‘ 12-1-3’ as female parent and ‘12-4-15’ as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor，and is about 68 cm in height and 55 cm in width．The plant is of compact type and resistant to lodging．It is suitable for dense planting．Its stem is purple in color．The fruit is of long stick shape，and 28 cm in vertical diameter and 4.6 cm in transverse diameter．The peel is shining dark purple in color．The flesh is green-white with few seeds．This variety is of early maturity．Its growth period is 90-100 days．The single fruit weight is 160-180 g．It can yield about 75 t·hm-2．It is medium
resistant to Verticillium wilt and suitable for cultivation in open fields at various regions of Heilongjiang Province．
‘Jinsheng 219’ is a new F1 hybrid of early spring Chinese cabbage．It is developed by crossing self-incompatible lines‘ HS99-11’ and‘ HS6289’．It can be harvested 55-60 days after field planting．The plant has strong growth vigor．Its plant height is 43 cm．The leaf sphere is encircled，compact，and of shell
shape．The head is 30 cm in height and 18 cm in diameter．The main stalk height is 3.1 cm．Its outer leaves are dark green，petiole is white and core leaves are light yellow in color．The net weight of single head is 2.8 kg，and the ratio of net product is 68.4%．It can yield about 105 t·hm-2．This variety has few outside leaves and less crude fiber．Both of its taste and quality are excelent．This variety is resistant to TuMV，mid-resistant to downy mildew．It is suitable to be planted in protected fields in Shandong Province and areas with similar climate conditions in early spring．
‘Nongdatian No.5’ is a new F1 hybrid of muskmelon developed by crossing selfing line‘ M105’ as female parent and selfing line‘ M106’ as male parent．Its plant has vigorous growth vigor．The fruit development period is about 34 days．Its fruit is of oval shape with white and smooth peel．Its flesh is white in color and tastes crisp．The flesh thickness is about 3.8 cm．The central soluble solid content is 16.2%-17.6%，and that in edge part is 11.6%-13.1%．The single fruit weight is around 1.3 kg．It can yield 40.5-43.5 t·hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in protected fields in Shaanxi Province in spring．
‘Anjiangchangqing’ is a new cowpea variety developed by crossing‘ 80-11’ as male parent and ‘10-3’ as female parent through systematic breeding．It is of early maturity．In spring cultivation，its growth period is about 94 days，and it takes about 54 days from seedling to harvest．The first inflorescence sets at the 4.4th node．The flower is pale yellow，and seeds are yellow in color．The commercial pod is blue green in color．The average pod length is 66.6 cm，and transverse diameter is 0.83 cm．The single pod weight is 22.3 g．The pods have even thickness with good commodity．In spring，it can yield about 30 t·hm-2．Its resistance to rust，powdery mildew and virus disease in fields is stronger than that of the contrast 'Zhijiang 28-2’．It is suitable for cultivation in Henan，Hebei，Shandong，Hubei Provinces，etc. in open fields in spring and autumn．
