ISSN 1000-6346
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
CN 11-2326/S
中华人民共和国农业农村部 主管
中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 主办
Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidant synthesized in plant. It has an important role in plant growth and development. Biosynthesis and metabolism of ascorbic acid is summarized and its metabolism regulation in tomato is emphasized in this paper. The future research direction about ascorbic acid metabolism is also prospected.
Super BSA was performed to screen SNP between 2 mixed DNA pools，which contained 100 pink tomatoes and 100 red tomatoes．SNPs of the tested result were analyzed．The result indicated that 6 SNPs among 127 SNPs on chromosome 1 were highly correlated with the color of tomato fruit，and 1 SNP was closely linked to pink tomato fruit．By this SNP，a polymorphism dCAPS was developed and showed well correlation with red，pink and heterozygous genotypes．It is recently reported that a 603 bp deletion was characterized at the upstream of SIMYB12 gene in pink tomato．Using this deletion，a InDel marker was developed and also showed good polymorphism among red，pink and heterozygous genotypes．These 2 newly developed molecular markers
were further used to analyze genetically the F2 population．The result was in line with the field observation．Their accordance rate was above 95%，which suggested that these 2 markers can be used for molecular marker assisted selection in tomato breeding．
In order to explore the origin and evolution of tuber mustard（Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen et Lee），we cloned and sequenced the Chs gene sequences of tuber mustard and its close relative species．As illustrated in the phylogenetic tree，the sequences from all Brassica taxa were separated into three well supported clades and nine sub-clades．Splits tree analysis indicated that there existed not only tree evolution，but also reticulate evolution among tuber mustard and its related plants．Median-joining（MJ）network analysis showed that B. rapa and B. nigra were the parental donors of A genome and B genome in allotetraploid B. juncea tumida，respectively．Tuber mustard，as a variety of B. juncea，was closely related to B. juncea var. utilis，indicating that B. juncea tumida might originate from B. juncea var. utilis．In addition，the single copy gene Chs could be efficiently applied to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of tuber mustard its and related plants.
The resistances to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis race1 and Sphaerotheca fuliginea race 1 of 126 melon germplasm resources from China and abroad were identified by single and composite inoculations with spore suspension in seedling stage，respectively. The result indicated that under single inoculation condition，7 were highly resistant to Fusarium wilt，42 were resistant，61 were mid-resistant，15 were susceptible and 1 was highly susceptible．While 9 were highly resistant to powdery mildew，42 were resistant，72 were mid-resistant，and 3 were susceptible. Under composite inoculation condition，PI164331 introduced from Indian was screened as resistant to both Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew. Significant positive correlations were observed between the evaluation results of single inoculation and composite inoculation，though correlation analysis of these 2 methods.
In order to evaluate the application value of polyolefin（PO）film for cucumber growth in solar greenhouse，a greenhouse coated with ethylene-vinyl acetate（EVA）film was served as the contrast．The influence of PO film coating on temperature and illumination environment and yield of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L．）in solar greenhouse were studied．The results showed that the light intensity in PO solar greenhouse was increased about 20-280μmol·m-2·s-1 ．As a result，the daily average air and soil temperature were increased 0.2-2.0 ℃，0.3-1.5 ℃，respectively compared with the EVA solar greenhouse．There were no significant effects on carpopodium length and fruit diameter．However，the fruit length were increased significantly by PO film coating．The commercial rate of cucumber fruit were increased about 10 percentage points，which result in the increase of cucumber yield．Compared with the yield of cucumber in EVA solar greenhouse，the earlier，middle and later yield in PO solar greenhouse were increased about 52.0%，27.2% and 58.6%，respectively．So the acre yield and income were increased about 43.4% and 39.9%，respectively，and the input-output ratio were increased
about 129%．PO film had a good application prospective in protected vegetable production in northern China in winter and spring．
Taking male，female and hermaphrodite flower of 3 kinds of watermelon（Citrullus lanatus）sexual type as material， we made these flower buds at different development stages into paraffin section for cytomorphological observation．The result showed that the floral primordial processes of these 3 kinds of sexual type from watermelon had no visible differences. At the end of hermaphroditic stage，the length of flower bud was about 0.8-1.0 mm and the differentiation development of male，female and hermaphrodite flower began. Stamen primordia volume of male and hermaphrodite flower augmented rapidly，and carpel primordia of female and hermaphrodite flower began to differentiate into stigma and ovary．In deformity female flower，the base of carpel primordia would stop the development after denting to a certain degree，while the stamen primordia would not stop elongation and continue to develop to form the mature stamen with small amount of mature pollen grains.
The vegetable and soil were sampled in Baotou Nanhaizi Industrial District，and the heavy metals contents of all samples were determined with the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） ．The heavy metals were Hg，Se，Zn，Cu，Pb，Mn，Cd，and the vegetables were Apium graveolens L.，Lactuca sativa L.， Spinacia oleracea L.， Coriandrum sativum L.， Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam.，Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson， Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L. ）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee．The soil pollution levels and the local resident health risk from vegetables intake was also assessed. The results showed that soil in Baotou Nanhaizi Industrial District was moderately polluted by heavy metals，among which Hg and Se pollution were very serious．The migration abilities to vegetables of different heavy metals were different， among them，those of Mn，Cu and Zn were bigger in all vegetables，and their risk to residents’health was also severer．Different vegetables had different absorption ability to heavy metals．Zn content was exceeded in every kinds vegetables except Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour） Olsson．Cu content was exceeded in Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam．Hg content was exceeded in Apium graveolens L.， Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam. and Spinacia oleracea L．The absorption abilities of Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson for all heavy metals were smaller．The bioconcentration abilities of Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam.， Spinacia oleracea L. Apium graveolens L. and Lactuca sativa L. were generally stronger than other vegetables in this study，and so the edible risk of this three vegetables were bigger too．The health risk of vegetables feeding to children was higher than adults．
This paper studied the inhibition role of water extracts from Allium tuberosum on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans（Foc）and control effect of pot cultivation by combining in vitro antibacterial assay with potted plant measurement. The result indicated that extracts could clearly suppress mycelia growth and spore germination．The inhibition rate was up to 100% when the concentration of waterextracts reached 0.75 g·mL-1. The spore germination inhibition rate reached 95.47% when the added leek extract concentration came to 0.25 g·mL-1 and was deal with 20 hours. In pot experiments， the disease control efficiency can reach 40%，and mortality fell by 27% 15 days after the treatment when the concentration of waterextracts reached 0.086 g·g-1 in the culture substrate.
Thirty-four eggplant cultivars were collected from markets in Hubei Province. Their resistance to eggplant phomopsis rot was identified by indoor artificial inoculation in vitro. The results indicated that among 34 cultivars， 8 were immune， 4 were highly resistant，2 were resistant， 2 were middle resistant， 18 were susceptible. Those results showed that more than 50% eggplant varieties extended in Hubei market were susceptible to Phomopsis vexans.
In order to better understand the vegetable mechanization status， regional differences， weak links； scientifically evaluate the vegetable mechanization level， and find out ways for its healthy development， this paper established an evaluation index system for open field vegetable production mechanization based on literature analysis， expert consultation， and spot investigation. This system included 5 secondary indicators， including tillage，planting，harvesting，plant protection and irrigation mechanization level，and provided calculation methods for each indicator. This paper selected 3 typical vegetable gardens in Jiangsu and carried out true case analysis. We found that the evaluation result was consistent with the actual investigation situation. Therefore， this system is of reference significance for making relevant policies to support vegetable industry development， and has provided scientific basis for guiding the development of vegetable mechanization.
‘Jinongjiafen’ is a new tomato F1 Hybrid of mid maturity developed by crossing self-line 09205-7 as female parent and self-line 99011-3 as male parent. The plant has strong growth vigor with high fruit setting ability. It is tolerant to cold. Its fruit is bright pink in color， and of round shape without shoulder. Its fruits are uniform in size with smooth peel. It is tolerant to storage and transportation. It is resistant to TYLCV（containing resistant gene Ty3）. The single fruit weight is about 300 g. It can yield about 187.5 t·hm-2. It is suitable to be cultivated in green house in the Northern Yangtze River Valley.
‘Xincui’ is a new bitter gourd F1 Hybrid developed by crossing DH23 as female parent and B08025 as male parent. The plant grows vigorously with outstanding thermal resistance. Its fruit peel is light green in color. Its fruit is of cylindrical shape with protruding tumor，32-35 cm in length and 6-7 cm in width. The fruit flesh is 1.0-1.2 cm in thickness. Its resistances to downy mildew，Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew are stronger than that of the contrast‘ Bilyu No.3’. It is of early maturing. It can sustainably bear fruit，and has obvious high yielding potential. Its yield is over 57 t·hm-2。It is suitable for open and protected field cultivation in Yangtze River Valley and southern China.
The new variety‘ Qinfenghuaishan’is bred by systematic selective method with excellent strains 06-33 collected from local resource material‘ Cunjinshu’ in Quanzhou， Fujian Province. It is of mid and late maturity. The plant has strong growth potential and vigorous branching ability. Its tuber peel is brown in color， and of long cylindrical shape. The fruit is 50-130 cm in length. Its single fruit weight is 500-1 100 g. It tastes good with excellent quality. It can yield about 37.5 t·hm-2. It is suitable to be planted in Fujian Province and the surrounding areas.
‘Huaixiandou No.5’ is a new vegetable spring soybean variety bred by modified single seed descent， and crossing‘ Taiwan 75’ as female parent and‘ Gaoxiong No.5’ as male parent. It yields high， has good quality and is of middle maturity. The average fresh pod yield is 10.05 t·hm-2 and the period from seedling emergence to green pod harvest is 83 days. Its pods are dark green in color with white pubescence. The standard second seed pod is 5.6 cm in length and 1.3 cm in width. The 100 fresh pods weights 312.5 g， and 100 fresh seeds are 77.2 g in weight. It tastes sweet and waxy. It is suitable to be cultivated within Jiangsu Province in spring.
