15 January 2013, Volume 1 Issue 2

    

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  A Review on the Paper Interactions between Changing Climate Conditions
  in a Semi-closed Greenhouse and Plant Development，Fruit Yield，and
  Health-promoting Plant Compounds of Tomatoes

  CHENG Zhi-Hui, ZHONG Li-Jie

  . 2013, 1(2): 1-3.

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  Focusing on the extreme temperatures during winter and summer seasons，particularly
  the higher mean temperature and lower humidity generated by cli mate warming，and the influence of this
  microclimate change in greenhouse on growth and fruit quality of tomato，German scientists developed
  a new climate strategy for greenhouses to avoid plant damages and reported their two year research. In
  this context，the results are introduced and reviewed. The results showed that a combined application
  of a high pressure fog system and CO₂ enrichment can be applied to decrease the inside temperature
  and to increase the levels of relative humidity and CO₂ concentrations at a high ambient temperature，
  accompanied by an increase in mean temperature. Such microclimate in the greenhouse were sufficient to
  accelerate plant growth，to increase dry matter in leaves，and to promote the formation of fruit set per
  truss in comparison to those grown under conventional climate conditions. Furthermore，the algorithm
  of the new climate strategy led to a maximum total yield increase by 20%，to a reduction of blossomend
  rot in tomatoes and to a pronounced increase in fruit size during the spring experiments. The climateconditions caused by the new technology significantly promoted secondary metabolism，resulting in a
  maximum increase in contents of lycopene（ by 49%），β-carotene（ by 35%），and phenolic compounds
  （by 16%） as well as associated antioxidant activity in the water-insolu ble（ by 18.5%） and water-soluble
  （by 35.4%） fraction compared to the conventional treated plants．Therefore，the new climate strategy
  may be appropriate to increase the total yield and to improve the fruit quality as well as the healthpromoting
  properties of tomatoes.
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  Effect Mechanism of SVP Gene Regulation on Bolting and Flowering

  YANG Xiu-Qin, WANG Zhi-Min, TANG Qing-Lin, SONG Ming

  . 2013, 1(2): 4-11.

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  SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE（SVP）encoded MADS-box protein is a repressor of
  bolting and flowering in Cruciferous plants．SVP is mainly expressed in vegetative growth stage，which
  is regulated by some flowering pathways，such as autonomous pathway．It can control flowering time by
  regulating several floral signal integrators，such as FLOWERING LOCUS T（FT）and SUPPRESSOR
  OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1（SOC1）．This paper summarizes the effect mechanism of
  SVP gene regulation on bolting and flowering．It also discusses about the prospects of future research
  activities，according to present research status on SVP gene.
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  Research Progress on Cryopreservation of Garlic Germplasm and Its Virus
  Eradication Technique

  LIU Xiao-Xue, CHENG Zhi-Hui

  . 2013, 1(2): 12-19.

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  Garlic（Allium sativum L.） is susceptible to virus during its annual vegetative
  propagation and the pathogens accumulated in bulbs are transmitted to the next generations，resulting
  in garlic virus disease．Virus infection will lead to garlic degeneration，and reduce the quality of
  bulbs．Compared with the traditional detoxification metho ds，ultra-low temperature method has
  many advantages，such as higher virus-free rate and easy operation，better genetic stability，higher
  proliferation rate．Besides，it can be combined with germplasm cryopreservation．This article
  mainly summarizes the principles of cryopreservation and detoxification of garlic germplasm，present
  status in research，and existing problems．The article also prospects the research direction of using cryopreservation to preserve garlic germplasm and the potential of applying cryotherapy for detoxification
  of garlic germplasm.
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  Real-time PCR for Quantification of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Tomato
  Plants

  LIN Ming, HU Hong, DU Yong-Chen, GAO Jian-Chang, WANG Xiao-Xuan, GUO Yan-Mei

  . 2013, 1(2): 20-26.

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  Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease（TYLCVD）is one of the most devastating plant
  diseases in the world．Accurate quantification of TYLCV is the foundation for further studying the
  pathogenesis of this virus and also for resistance breeding．This paper constructed a real-time PCR
  testing system to quantify TYLCV in tomato by the primer，designed on the conservative sequences of
  TYLCV complete genome，and a testing mode based on SYBR Green I technology．The TYLCV were
  detected in the infected tomatoes after 30 days post-inoculation，about 3.47×10⁶ virus copies could be
  detected in 1 ng·μL^-1 total DNA in the infected tomato plants．This method is 100-fold more sensitive
  than the traditional PCR.
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  ISSR Markers of 48 Tillering Onion（Allium cepa var. aggregatum） Germplasms
  Genetic Diversity and Analysis of Their Agronomic Traits

  JIN Xue, ZHOU Xin-Gang, LIU Shou-Wei, LIU Shu-Qin, WU Feng-Zhi

  . 2013, 1(2): 27-34.

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  Inter-simple sequence repeat（ ISSR） markers and agronomic traits were analyzed to
  observe the genetic diversity of 48 tillering onion（Allium cepa var. aggregatum）germplasms from
  Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces in China．Thirteen ISSR primers with rich polymorphism，stable amplification
  and good repeatability were screened from 51 ISSR primers．With these screened primers，
  132 bands were identified，of which 109 bands were polymorphic．The genetic similarity was estimated
  with Nei-Li coefficient，and the results showed that the genetic similarity coefficients of 48 tillering
  onion germplasms ranged from 0.59 to 0.94．The investigation was also carried out on their agronomic
  traits，including bolting，leaf color，seed coat color，and single fruit quality．The results showed that
  the genetic similarity coefficients of these 48 tillering onion germplasms ranged from 0.38 to 1.00．Both
  results indicated that the genetic diversity of 48 tillering onion germplasms was rich．The clustering results
  of these 2 methods were basically identical，and the clustering results had obvious connection with
  their geographic origins.
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  Studies on Progeny Generation Size and Selection Indexes of a Hybrid
  Watermelon Variety by Pedigree Breeding

  AN Shui-Xin, KANG Yu-Jing, LI Xiang-Tao, HUO Zhi-Bang, LIU Hong, ZHANG Cun-Song

  . 2013, 1(2): 35-40.

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  Based on the basic theory of crop cross-breeding，this study summarized the population
  size of F₂ generation selected by watermelon〔Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.）Matsum et Nakai〕inbred
  line pedigree method，selection technique at middle-early growth stage，planting density according to
  the ratio of the left to all plants at middle-early growth stage，test planting group number of F₃ generation，
  and population number of each group，etc. Thus，the traditional watermelon selective breeding
  technique by pedigree method was improved．The duration of watermelon inbred selection was shortened
  by 2-3 generations，the watermelon breeding process was sped up， and the breeding cost was reduced．
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  Effects of Soil Salinity on Growth，Photosynthetic Characters and Yield of
  Tomato Cultivated in Organic Substrate

  BAI Long-Qiang, LI Yan-Su, YU Xian-Chang, GUO Xiao-Qing

  . 2013, 1(2): 41-45.

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  Taking tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） cultivated in organic substrate of normal
  soil as the control（CK），an experiment was conducted using Half Isolated Style of Organic Substrate
  Culture（OSC）to plant tomato in saline soil with 3 different salinity levels of 5‰，10‰ and 15‰，
  respectively and to study the regulation of Na+ migration and the effects of Na⁺ in soil on physiological
  characteristics and yield of tomato．The result showed that the Na⁺ contents in the soil under the substrate
  was leached by T1，T2，T3 treatments；and the plant height，the stem diameter accumulated amount
  of dry matter，the leaf photosynthetic rate，the yield of tomato and the Na⁺ content in tomato leaf had
  not significant differences with that of the CK．The results indicated that the soil with less than 15‰ salt
  content had not effect on tomato cultured by Half Isolated Styl e of Organic Substrate Culture．
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  Effect of Water-fertilizer Supply on Tomato Lycopene Content under
  Alternate Subarea Root-zone Irrigation

  ZHOU Zhen-Jiang, NIU Xiao-Li, CHEN Si, DAI Shun-Dong, HU Tian-Tian

  . 2013, 1(2): 46-51.

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  This study is to find out the effects of irrigation amount and fertilizer applying quantity
  of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium on tomato（ Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）lycopene content
  under alternate subarea root-zone irrigation. Regression model on water and fertilizer factors and tomato
  lycopene content was established with quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation design with 4 factors by
  pot experiment. The results showed that if other factors were zero codes，lycopene content in tomato
  decreased linearly with the increase of irrigation amount，while increased with the increase of nitrogen
  and phosphorus fertilizers applying quantity，but it would not change along with the change of potassium
  fertilizer applying quantity. The interaction between irrigation amount and potassium，nitrogen and
  phosphorus fertilizer applying quantity presented negative effect on the accumulation of tomato lycopene
  content. Under the condition of alternate subarea root-zone irrigation, over irrigation was not favorable for
  the increase of lycopene content in tomato. Rational increase of nitrogen，phosphorus fertilizers applying quantity could effectively increase lycopene content in tomato.
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  Effect of Substrate Extract of Organic Ecological Soilless Cultivation on
  Cucumber Seed Germination and Seedling Growth

  XU Yao-Zhao, ZENG Xiu-Cun, WANG Qin-Li, 吕Biao , ZHANG Wen-Bin, SUN Fang-Xia

  . 2013, 1(2): 52-57.

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  Taking cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.） seeds and seedlings as test materials，this
  paper studies the characteristics of organic ecological soilless cultivation substrate of cultivation 1
  year，cultivation 2 years and cultivation 3 years and effect of substrate extract on seed germination and
  seedling growth. The results showed that the dry density，pore water，pH and EC values of cultivation
  3 years substrate were increased very significantly compared with that of cultivation 1 year．While the
  total porosity and pore of cultivation 3 years substrate were decreased very significantly compared with
  cultivation 1 year. After treating cucumber seeds and seedlings with cultivation 3 years substrate extract，
  their germination rate，sprout potential，germination index and vigor index were decreased very
  significantly compared with that of the CK; and the vertical roots length，hypocotyl radicel length，lat-eral root number，epicotyls and hypocotyl width were also decreased very significantly compared with
  that of the CK．The seedling plant height，overground fresh weight and dry weight were decreased very
  significantly compared with that of the CK；while the fresh weight and dry weight of underground seedlings
  were increased very significantly compared with that of the CK. The leaf photosynthetic rate and
  water use efficiency of seedlings were decreased very significantly compared with that of the CK．The
  leaf stomatal conductance，intercellular CO₂ concentration and transpiration rate of seedlings were increased
  very significantly compared with that of the CK. The seedling root-shoot ratio，G value，Chlorophyll
  a content，Chlorophyll b content，Chlorophyll（a + b） contents and Chlorophyll a/b value were
  decreased significantly compared with that of cultivation 1 year substrate extract treatment．Therefore，
  after 3 years’cultivation，the substrate characteristics and contents are not favorable fo r cucumber seed
  germination and seedling growth．
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  Effects of Grafting on Yield and Mineral Element of Eggplant within Seawater
  Cultivation

  QIAN Zong-Wei, CHEN Hai-Li, CUI Yan-Ling

  . 2013, 1(2): 58-65.

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  Taking Solanum torvum as stock and early maturing cultivated variety 'Jingqie No. 1’
  as cion, this experiment analyzed the yields and mineral element contents of the grafted eggplant
  （Solanum melongena L.） and self-rooted eggplant by treatments of different seawater concentration．
  The results indicated that compared to the self-rooted eggplant，the content of N，P in grafted eggplant
  was increased along with the increase of seawater concentration，while the K content showed reducing
  tendency．The grafted eggplant could still maintain balanced absorption of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn
  in the seawater，but the ratio of Na⁺/K⁺ value decreased significantly．The yield of grafted eggplant was
  significantly higher than that of the self-root eggplant under seawater stress．The experiment showed
  that the grafted eggplant could reduce the complex salt stress of sea-water through adjusting mineral
  elements absorption，and increase eggplant yield.
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  Effect of Lateral Bud Grafting on Growth，Yield，Quality and Resistance of
  Small Seedless Watermelon

  LIAO Dao-Long, WU Zhuang-Sheng, CAI Xing-Lai, GAO Xue-Wang, LIANG Zhen-Shen

  . 2013, 1(2): 66-69.

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  Taking small seedless watermelon〔 Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.）Matsun．et Nakai〕
  ‘Xiantiantong’ as material，taking the self-root seedling and the apical bud grafting as the contrast, this
  experiment studied on the effect of the lateral bud grafting and on growth，yield，quality and diseaseresistance
  of watermelon. The result indicated that compared with self-rooted bud, the lateral bud grafting
  with the apical bud grafting not only possessed the same traits of vigorous growth，higher yield，
  higher quality and better disease resistance，but also with higher compatibility and lower cost than the
  apical bud grafting．Although the lateral bud growth was not even and with less disposable budding，
  which were unfavorable to intensive grafting and seedling culture，the lateral bud grafting technology, as
  a selective method for grafting and seedling cultivation of small seedless watermelon, could still have a
  good prospect for extension.
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  Effects of Different Cultivation Measures on Soil Fungus，Fungal Diseases
  and Yield of Continuous Cropping Potato

  XIE Kui-Zhong, LU Li-Yin, LUO Ai-Hua

  . 2013, 1(2): 70-75.

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  Different cultivation measures were adopted for o vercoming continuous cropping potato
  （Solanum tuberosum L.）obstacles for 3 continuous years．The experiment result showed that from
  2009 to 2011 the arable layer soil fungus of deepening tillage treatment reduced by 29.59%-51.63%
  compared to the control．The arable layer soil fungus of inocula treatment reduced by 10.41%-71.96%．
  The trace fertilizer treatment had no effect on the arable layer soil fungus of continuous cropping potato．
  The potato early blight disease incidence of deepening tillage treatment reduced from 10.00 percentage
  point to 35.00 percentage point compared to the control，while the inocula treatment reduced from
  11.67 percentage point to 38.33 percentage point，trace fertilizer treatment reduced from 11.66 percentage point to 26.67 percentage point compared to the control. The potato early blight disease index
  of deepening tillage treatment reduced by 20.34%-75.51% compared to the control，while the inocula
  treatment reduced by 23.83%-64.50%，the trace fertilizer treatment reduced by 20.34%-52.26%
  compared to the control，and the differences reached significant or very significant level. The potato late
  blight disease incidence of deepening tillage treatment reduced from 15.00 percentage point to 37.50
  percentage point compared to the control，while the inocula treatment reduced from 7.50 percentage
  point to 36.67 percentage point，the trace fertilizer treatment reduced from 15.00 percentage point to
  25.83 percentage point compared to the control. The potato late blight disease index of deepening tillage
  treatment reduced by 57.03%-80.44% compared to the control，while the inocula treatment reduced by
  24.69%-66.67%，the trace fertilizer treatment reduced by 27.12%-50.76% compared to the control，
  and the differences reached significant or very significant level. The potato yield of deepening tillage
  treatment increased by 21.20%-29.99% compared to the control，and the trace fertilizer treatment
  increased by 6.14%-20.49%，the inocula treatment increased by 1.29%-13.42%，and the differences
  reached significant or very significant level.
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  Studies on Controlling Root-knot Nematode of Melon in Greenhouse and
  Potted Cucumber by High Power Microwave

  XU Chang-Qing, CHEN Jun, HAN Xing-Guo, QIAO Hai-Li, GUO Kun, YU Jing, WEI Jian-Jian

  . 2013, 1(2): 76-81.

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  This study tries to control the root-knot nematodes of vegetables by physical methods．
  A soil treat machine of 20 kW microwave with 915 MHz frequency was designed and produced．This machine
  conducted a field test successfully．The result indicated that in greenhouse microwave treatment on
  soil could significantly reduce the number of root-knot and root-knot index of melon at the level of 60 seconds,
  while in pot experiment only 10 seconds on cucumbers could very significantly control root-knot nematodes．
  In greenhouse，microwave treatment did not affect melon plant height，basal stem diameter，fruit
  sugar content，fruit hardness and shape index. There were not significant differences with those of the contrast．
  High power microwave had significant control effect on vegetable root-knot nematodes in greenhouse，
  but it costs huge energy，should be improved to reduce energy co st and enhance its efficiency.
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  Initial Report on Occurrence of Watermelon Bacterial Fruit Blotch in
  Heilongjiang Province

  WANG Wen-Bo, LIU Dong, ZHANG Yan-Ju

  . 2013, 1(2): 82-86.

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  This study reports the newly discovered watermelon disease in Harbin and Shuangcheng
  2 cities，Heilongjiang Province．Two pathogenitic strains were obtained after isolation culture，purification，
  and pathogenicity testing．The pathogen was identified by morpho logical feature，gram staining，
  physiological-biochemical characteristic and 16S rDNA analysis．The results showed that both 2 strains
  were Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli．Thus，it was determined that the watermelon disease observed
  in Harbin and Shuangcheng City was watermelon bacterial fruit blotch．This is the first report of this
  disease in Heilongjiang Province.
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  Survey on Distribution Status of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. Resources in
  Highland

  GUO Feng-Ling, QIU Zheng-Ming, DENG Xiao-Hui, WU Jin-Ping, DONG Bin-Feng

  . 2013, 1(2): 87-90.

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  In order to comprehend the present status of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. germplasm
  resources in Wufeng Dahuaping, a systematic investigation on the main habitats of Allium ovalifolium
  Hand.-Mzt．was conducted based on ethnobotanist theory，combined with field study and representative
  plot survey．The results showed that Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt．in Dahuaping distributed mainly
  under the deciduous broad leaf mixed forest where the altitude was 1 800-2 100 m．The ground coverage
  by plant was 35%-80%．The total area of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. in this area was 11.3 hm²．
  The maximum density was 228 plants per square meter．The population number decreased very quickly，
  which indicated that Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt．was facing extinct danger and studies on protecting
  measures must be strengthened immediately．
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  Analysis on Hardness and Satisfaction of Obtaining Information by
  Cooperation——an Investigation based on Specialized Cooperation for
  Farmers Growing Potato

  ZHANG Hao, LI Fei, CHENG Hong-Luan

  . 2013, 1(2): 91-95.

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  This paper carries out matrix analysis on hardness and satisfaction of obtaining information
  by specialized cooperation for farmers growing potato（ Solanum tuberosum L.），according to a
  field survey in Haidong District，Qinghai Province．The paper also conducts intersecting studies on the
  supply chain．The result indicates that there are 6 categories of information with big hardness and low
  satisfaction．They are products pricing information，storaging duration information，planting amount
  information，demand quantity information，demand quality and standard information，and being listed
  time information．The sales transaction is a period with the biggest hardness and the lowest satisfaction．
  Before ending，corresponding policy proposals are put forward directing at key information and key
  components，which are helpful for the cooperation to develop scientific and reasonable decision of production，
  so as to improve the overall benefits of the cooperation.
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  A New Chinese Cabbage F₁ Hybrid —‘Jinbaicai No.8’

  HAN Ai-Qian, CHENG Sheng, ZHANG Cui-Xiang, LIU Guo-Qing

  . 2013, 1(2): 96-97.

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  ‘Jinbaicai No.8’ is a mid-late maturing Chinese cabbage variety．Its growing period is
  about 88 days．One of its parents HY219 comes from a variety of farmhouse Tangshan，Hebei Province．
  It developed by crossing through many generations and is an inbred self-incompatible line．The other
  parent is H226 a self-cross progeny from‘ Tianjinhetaowen’（another farmhouse variety in Tianjin）．
  This hybrid has vigorous growth．The outside leaves and the petiole are light green. The head is a cylinder
  with compact twisted central part．The‘ Jinbaicai No.8’ is 65 cm in height and 64 cm in stretch．The
  single plant weight is about 5 kg. The net vegetable rate is over 80%．Its resistance to downy mildew and
  soft rot is higher than the‘ Taiyuanerqing’．It is tolerant to storage and has good commercial quality．It
  has less vein on its leaf blade，and less crude fiber content. I ts net vegetable yield is about 127.5 t·hm^-2．
  It can be cultivated in the regions where a cylinder-like Chine se cabbage can fit．
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  A New Watermelon F₁ Hybrid —‘Huaimi No.2’ for Facilities Culture

  ZHANG Chao-Yang, LUO De-Xu, ZHAO Jian-Feng, SUN Yu-Dong

  . 2013, 1(2): 98-100.

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  Abstract：‘Huaimi No.2’is a new early maturing watermelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing
  W-32 as female parent and X-zu as male parent．The total growing period is about 90 days and the fruit
  matures 28 days after pollination．It has strong growth vigor and the first fruit is set at the 7-8th nodes．
  The fruit is elliptical in shape with dark-green narrow gear on light green skin．The fruit shape index is
  1.2．The thickness of pericarp is 5.7 mm. It ’s flesh is bright red，juicy and crispy．It tastes very sweet．
  The pericarp is hard to crack．The single fruit weight is about 2.0 kg and the yield is 29.19 t·hm^-2．It
  has good adaptability and can be grown in protected fields in m ajority part of China.
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  A New Muskmelon F₁ Hybrid —‘Guimi No.12’

  ZHANG Man, FANG Feng-Xue, LIU Wen-Jun, HE Zhong, WANG Ri-Sheng, HUANG Feng-Chan, GAO Zhong-Kui, TANG Dan-Feng

  . 2013, 1(2): 101-103.

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  ‘Guimi No.12’ is a new muskmelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing 2 inbred lines 05-6
  and 00610 as biparental. The variety takes about 35 days to develop fruit. The fruit is golden-yellow in
  color with smooth or sparsely reticulated peel．Its flesh is orange in color and crispy．The flesh is about
  3.3 cm in thickness. It tastes sweet．The soluble solid content is about 16%. Its edible parts account for
  about 69%．The single fruit weight is about 1.5 kg. Its yield is about 27 t·hm^-2．It is suitable to be
  cultivated both in greenhouse and in open fields from spring to summer in Guangxi．
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  A New Chinese Chive Variety —‘Haijiu No.2’

  HUI Zhi-Ming, JIANG Zhong-Ren, ZHANG Shu-Gen, XING Yong-Ping, LI Chun-Ling

  . 2013, 1(2): 104-106.

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  ‘Haijiu No.2’is a new dormant Chinese chive cultivar derived from crossing a malesterile
  line‘ Xiaohuangmiao’as female parent and a superior line‘ Pingjiu’J-95-42 as male parent
  （the pollen donor）．This cultivar was bred by repeated selfing and selecting to pyramid multiple desirable
  traits from both parents．The plant grows vigorously with dark green leaves，which is about 0.8 cm
  in width. The average single plant weight is 6.7 g. The soluble sugar content is 1.58%．The VC content
  is 310 mg·kg^-1．The crude fiber content is 0.89%．The annual yield is about 165 t·hm^-2．The plant
  is suitable for open field cultivation and protected cultivation in early-spring in Beijing，Hebei and
  Guangdong Provinces．