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15 November 2012, Volume 1 Issue 22
    

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  • Research Progress on Capsaicinoids Biosynthetic Pathway and Its Related Genes
    WU Zhi-Ming, CHENG Jiao-Wen, TANG Xin, HU Kai-Lin
    . 2012, 1(22): 1-7.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Capsaicinoids are the substances responsible for the pungent sensation that synthesize and accumulate unique in fruits placental tissues of Capsicum species．Capsaicinoids are biosynthesized through 2 pathways：phenylpropanoid and branched-chain fatty acid pathways，which provide the precursors phenylalanine and valine or leucine，respectively．This paper reviewed the new research progress on studying the enzymes and genes participating in the biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory process that accounts for different accumulation levels of capsaicinoids in chili pepper fruits．
  • Research Progress on Polyploid Induction in Garlic
    WEN Yan-Bin, CHENG Zhi-Hui
    . 2012, 1(22): 8-16.
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    It is the physiological and biochemical flexibility that enable polyploid plants to possess stronger tolerance and viability than the diploid progenitors or relative species in adverse enviroment，especially for the vegetatively propagated or perennial plants．Polyploid breeding is widely adopted in crop breeding strategies．Some achievements have been made in polyploid aspect for garlic（Allium sativum L.）known as the traditionally horticultural crop in China．This paper gives an overview of the new progress made in the methods of polyploidization at home and abroad，and analyzes the existing problems in polyploid garlic breeding．The development of garlic breeding technology for the years to come is also prospected.
  • Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cultivated Eggplants Based on SSR Marker
    SUN Yuan-Wen, CHEN Yu-Hui, LIU Fu-Zhong, ZHANG Ying, LIAN Yong-?
    . 2012, 1(22): 17-23.
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    105 eggplant（Solanum melongena L.）SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic polymorphism of 34 eggplant high generation materials．The result indicates that there are 47 markers showing polymorphisms among the tested materials which have 148 polymorphism sits．The polymorphism information content（PIC）varies from 0.025 4-0.909 3，showing high genetic polymorphism. The similarities coefficient of the tested materials was between 0.63 to 0.93，implying little genetic differences and relatively narrow genetic base．By UPGMA cluster analysis，we classified the tested materials into 2 clusters and 4 sub-clusters．The result of SSR molecular marker is almost the same with that of fruit trait cluster analysis.
  • Genetic Analysis of Flowering Stage of the First Female Flower of Recombinant Inbred Lines in Melon
    GAO Mei-Ling, LUAN Fei-Shi, ZHU Zi-Cheng
    . 2012, 1(22): 24-29.
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    A set of 185 recombinant inbred lines（RIL）derived from crossing thick-skinned melon（Cucumis melo L.）from USA‘WI998’（P1）and thin-skinned melon from China‘3-2-2’（P2）was taken as experimental material．The genetic characteristics of first female flower（DFF）at different seasons were studied by RIL mixed major gene + polygene inheritance models．The results showed that the DFF was controlled by 2 pairs of duplicate major genes + additive dominant polygene model（E_1_8）．In spring，the major gene heritability is 77.05%，and the polygene heritability is 22.44%．The major gene heritability is 72.38%，and the polygene heritability is 27.52% in autumn．These results indicated that the heritability of major genes was larger than that of polygene in melon DFF，and DFF was mainly governed by the major gene，and its heritability was stable in different seasons．
  • Screening of Germplasm with High Content of Tartronic Acid in Cucumber
    GAO Jie, QIN Zhi-Wei, ZHOU Xiu-Yan, XIN Ming
    . 2012, 1(22): 30-34.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this study，tartronic acid contents of 56 accessions of different types of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）were tested by method of HPLC．The results showed that there were obvious variances of tartronic acid content between different varieties and types of cucumber germplasm，swinging in the range of 1.77-10.22 g•kg-1．Five accessions had more than 7.54 g•kg-1 content and 5 accessions had less than 2.55 g•kg-1 content of tartronic acid．
  • Effects of Salicylic Acid on Photosynthesis Characteristics of Tomato Seedlings during NaCl Stress
    YANG Feng-Jun, LI Tian-Lai, SU Yue, ZANG Zhong-Jing
    . 2012, 1(22): 35-40.
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    Effects of exogenous salicylic acid（SA）on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）leaves under NaCl stress were studied．The results showed that under NaCl stress with SA treatment the levels of net photosynthetic rate（Pn）and stomatal conductance（Gs）increased more obviously than the control without SA，and the increasing or decreasing rate of intercellular CO2（Ci）concentration and stomatal limitation value（Ls）were faster than that of the control without SA too．The SA treatment inhibits the decreases of chlorophyll contents，intrinsic photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（Fv/Fm），potential activity of PSⅡ（Fv/Fo），quantum yield of PSⅡ（ΦPSⅡ），chlorophyll photochemical quenching（qP）|and the increases in original fluorescence（Fo）and chlorophyll non-photochemical quenching（NPQ）．These results suggest that SA has protective role against the damage of photosynthetic system under NaCl stress．
  • Effects of Soil Surface Mulching on Cucumber Soil Temperature in Solar Greenhouse
    ZHU Qiu-Ying, LI Zhen-Dong, SHANG Ling-Ling, CAO Ling, WANG Qian
    . 2012, 1(22): 41-46.
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    The effects of different soil surface mulching on soil temperature during cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）cultivation in solar greenhouse has been studied．The results showed that soil surface mulching increased soil temperature．The effects of plastic film mulching were better than wheat straw mulching．The mulching effect decreased along with the increase of soil layer deepening．The plastic film mulching could significantly increase the average soil temperature．Its function on raising the minimum soil temperature was greater than enhancing the maximum soil temperature．Wheat straw mulching could slow down the changing speed of soil temperature and had little effect on increasing soil temperature．And its maximum soil temperature was lower than CK and minimum soil temperature was higher than CK．It had very limited differences in soil temperature，thus made the soil temperature quite stable．Therefore，the role of wheat straw mulching was more stable and worthwhile for extension.
  • Effects of Common Soil Cultivation Applying CO2 and Organic Soil Cultivation on Yield and Quality of Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse
    MA Jun, HE Chao-Xing, YAN Yan, LI Yan-Su, YU Xian-Chang
    . 2012, 1(22): 47-53.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The effects of common soil cultivation applying CO2 and organic soil cultivation on yield and nutrient quality of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.）in solar greenhouse were studied，and the CO2 concentrations under two cultivation patterns were compared at the same time．The results showed that common soil cultivation applying CO2 and organic soil cultivation could all increase CO2 concentration in greenhouse in the morning，and the CO2 concentrations in treatment were much higher than that in common soil cultivation control（PCK）during the sunny morning，which made the cucumber growth better than PCK．Physiological analysis indicated that common soil cultivation applying CO2 and organic soil cultivation could all increase the chlorophylls contents of cucumber leaf blades，root system activity and plant net photosynthetic rate．In applying CO2 treatment，the soluble solide and VC contents of cucumber were significantly increased by 10.21% and 7.23%，respectively，than that of common soil cultivation control．The contents of total sugar and crude protein in organic soil were significantly higher than the other treatments．Applying CO2 could improve cucumber yield and the single plant yield was significantly higher than that of PCK，similar to that of organic soil cultivation．Applying CO2 treatment on yield was mainly in the middle and later stage of harvest，whereas the effect of organic soil cultivation on yield was mainly in the early and middle stage of harvest．The organic soil cultivation can not only improve root zone environment，but also increase the CO2 concentration in greenhouse．Thus we can achieve high yield and high quality without applying CO2.
  • Effects of Low Temperature and Magnesium Stress on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber Seedlings
    XIE Xiao-Yu, ZHANG Zhe
    . 2012, 1(22): 54-58.
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    In order to study the mechanism of magnesium nutrition in cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.），the effects of magnesium and low temperature stress on growth，carbon nitrogen metabolism and active oxygen scavenging enzymes system were explored in cucumber seedlings grown in artificial climate chamber．The experimental results indicated that the total leaves，leaf area，root length，total dry weight and health index of cucumber seedling were decreased，and root/shoot ratio was increased under low temperature and magnesium stress．The contents of soluble protein，reducing sugar and soluble total sugar，the activity of nitrate reductase were decreased，while root activity was increased under suitable temperature and magnesium stress．The activity of nitrate reductase，root activity and the content of soluble total sugar were decreased under low temperature，while the content of reducing sugar was increased．The content of soluble protein was decreased under excessive Mg stress or suitable Mg，and it was increased under deficient Mg．MDA，H2O2 contents and O2  concentration were increased under Mg stress，and the effects were more remarkable under deficient Mg stress than excessive Mg stress．Low temperature and Mg deficiency would bring the greatest harm to plant．This is mainly related to the increase of active oxygen．Under suitable temperature，Mg stress hoisted POD and SOD activities in plants，of which POD activity had the biggest rising extent，while CAT activity was decreased．And plant mainly resist Mg stress by increasing POD activity.
  • Effect of Different Fertilizer Application on Growth，Yield and Quality of Graft Pellicular Muskmelon
    ZHAO Yi-Jie, WU Yu-Fen, CHEN Yi-Zhao, LIN Hang, CHEN Sheng, ZHANG Wei-Guang
    . 2012, 1(22): 59-62.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this paper，the effect of different fertilizer application on growth，yield and quality of graft pellicular muskmelon（Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Makino）was studied by adopting 4 kinds of fertilizer including controlled-release fertilizers，organic fertilizer，organic-inorganic compound fertilizers and complex fertilizer as basic fertilizer．This research was designed by equal fertilizer price which was invested in every muskmelon plant，taking complex fertilizer application as contrast．The results showed that 35 days after planting，by applying organic-inorganic compound fertilizers the thickness of scion main stem and the length of the first tendril were all significantly larger than that by other treatments．But the yield and quality of pellicular muskmelon were remarkably dropped down．By applying controlled-release fertilizers，the weight of single fruit of pellicular muskmelon improved 3.1%，its yield increased 7.3%，and the content of soluble solid matter rose 1.5%．The quality of pellicular muskmelon was the best，because of applying organic fertilizer．But the yield decreased 17.7%．The integrated review believes that controlled-release fertilizers are ideal basic fertilizer for graft pellicular muskmelon.
  • Effects of Different Ratios of Residue-to-compound Fertilizer on Yield，Quality of Pakchoi and Soil Fertility
    LI Yu, JIANG Fang-Ling, MING Cun-Hao, GU Hai-Ming, WU Zhen
    . 2012, 1(22): 63-66.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Using pakchoi〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee〕‘Zaoshengjinhua’as material，this experiment studied the effects of different ratios residue-to-compound fertilizer on the growth，yield and quality of pakchoi and soil fertility．The results showed that using appropriate proportion of residue to instead the basal fertilizer，the indexes of growth and the yield of the plants were much better than by using fertilizer alone．Compared with using fertilizer alone，the soluble sugar，VC and soluble protein contents of pakchoi were significantly increased|while its nitrate content decreased significantly．Adding appropriate proportion of residue to basal fertilizer could increase the contents of organic matter，total nitrogen，total phosphorus，total potassium in soil．This study indicates that adding appropriate proportion of residue to instead compound fertilizer can promote the growth of pakchoi，improve its quality，and increase soil fertility．In this experiment，the treatments of 40% residue + 60% fertilizer has the best effect.
  • Application of Different Culture Medium in Onion Tissue Culture
    PAN Mei-Hong, CHEN Zhen-Tai, XUE Ping, YANG Hai-Feng
    . 2012, 1(22): 67-69.
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    In order to improve onion（Allium cepa L.）tissue culture technology，this study used different basal medium，added different growth regulators on different onion varieties．The results showed that the onion variety‘Zaochunhuang’in culture medium of MS+6 mg• L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg• L-1 NAA had the best proliferation effect．The onion variety‘Liancong No. 6’in culture medium of 3 g•L-1 Hyponex +6 mg•L-1 6-BA +0.1 mg•L-1 NAA had the best proliferation effect．In successive transfer culture，adding 0.25 mg•L-1 paclobutrazol could raise the proliferation rate．
  • Pathogen Identification of Chinese Cabbage Brown Rot（Base Stem Rot）
    ZHOU Hui-Min, XIE Xue-Wen, SHI Yan-Xia, GUO Ying-Lan, LI Bao-Ju
    . 2012, 1(22): 70-74.
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    In 2011，the disease known as‘base stem rot’of Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson〕was prevalent in Beijing，Hebei and Jiangsu Provinces．12 fungi isolates were collected from rotten stem of Chinese cabbage．The morphological identification show the isolated bacteria strain is Rhizoctonia solani．PCR of rDNA-ITS was propagated by general primer ITS1/ITS4 and the sequencing result was compared and analyzed in GenBank．The results of molecular identification and morphological identification were the same．Then the isolated bacteria strains were inoculated to the healthy Chinese cabbage stems．The symptoms resembled the ones originally observed in the fields．Finally，the pathogen’s identity was confirmed by re-isolation from lesions of infected plants．Based on the tests of morphological characteristics，pathogenicity and molecular biology，the pathogens of Chinese cabbage‘base stem rot’found in Beijing，Hebei and Jiangsu Provinces were the same as brown rot，Rhizoctonia solani．etc.
  • Isolation and Identification of Colletotrichum and Screening of Anthracnose Resistant Varieties from Snap Bean
    ZHANG Ting, HU Guo-Fu, XIAO Zi-Heng, LI He-Chun, ZHAN Yun
    . 2012, 1(22): 75-80.
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    In this study，we isolate and identify Colletotrichum from snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris L.），and screen anthracnose resistant resources from these varieties．The results show that the pathogenic bacterium separated by morphology and molecular identification is Colletotrichum． Leaves at seedling stage and pods at matured stage of 48 bean varieties were soaked in liquid of Colletotrichum．We found that in seedling stage 44 varieties were resistant，4 varieties were susceptible，and among which 1 variety was highly susceptible．In matured period，40 varieties were resistant，and 8 varieties were susceptible，and among which 3 varieties were highly susceptible．Correlation analysis was made by taking disease severity index of leaves and pods through SPSS software as varable force．The result shows resistances at seedling stage and maturing stage have very significant correlation．The related coefficients are Kendall：0.315，Spearman：0.411.
  • Studies on Odontotermes formosanus Food Choice between Agaricus blazei and Its Substrate
    SU De-Wei, LIN Hui, LUO Hai-Ling, LIN Chun-Mei, LIN Zhan-Xi
    . 2012, 1(22): 81-84.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to evaluate the impact of Odontotermes formosanus to Agaricus blazei Murrill cultivation，studies were carried out on food selectiveness of Odontotermes formosanus by observing 5 different materials（fruitbody of Agaricus blazei Murrill，bamboo powder，Juncao，Juncao substrate of Agaricus blazei Murrill，bamboo substrate of Agaricus blazei Murrill）foraging behaviors．The results showed that consumption rate of Juncao and bamboo powders were very significantly higher than that of other 3 materials．And the consumption rate of Agaricus blazei Murrill was 0．The mud sheet area and mud sheet coverage rate of Juncao and bamboo powders were very significantly higher than that of the other 3 materials．These all indicated that the volatile substances distributed from mycelium and fruitbody of Agaricus blazei Murrill could inhibit termites’feeding．And the harms of termites in Agaricus blazei Murrill were mainly from cultivation materials
  • Preliminary Report on Cultivation Control Techniques of Spinach Leaf Miner
    ZHAO Sheng-Rong, WANG Ji-Ying, YU Xue-Mei, GAO Yu, FANG Chao-Yang, LUO Jin-Yan, LI Hui-Ming
    . 2012, 1(22): 85-87.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    During the outbreak period of spinach leaf miner 〔Pegomya exilis（Meigen）〕，field trials on damages by leaf miner at different spinach varieties and growth periods were carried out in Shanghai．The results showed that sharp-leaf varieties were strongly resistant to leaf miner，and round leaf varieties were more susceptible，the imported red stem variety（Hongliancao rotundifolia）was highly susceptible．Spinach in growth period was strongly resistant to leaf miner before the 3-leaf stage and was  the most susceptible after the 7-leaf stage．The reasons for the differences in insect resistance were preliminarily analyzed and cultivation techniques for controlling spinach leaf miner were put forward．
  • Investigation of Current Situation on High Mountain Vegetable Fertilization and Continuous Cropping in Enshi City
    ZHAO Shu-Jun, LI Che-Shu, QIU Zheng-Ming, YUAN Jia-Fu, WANG Yong-Jian, SHI Guo-Han, PENG Cheng-Lin
    . 2012, 1(22): 88-93.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this paper，the high mountain vegetable fertilization and continuous cropping situation of Enshi city were investigated in selected and representative areas．The results indicated that in Enshi city households applying compound fertilizer during planting high mountain vegetable were high up to 94.1%，and only 41.0% applying manure fertilizer．The farmer households applying boron and magnesium fertilizer were few．For high mountain vegetable（Chinese cabbage，peppers，radishes and cabbage），the variation coefficient of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilization were all bigger，which reflected there was bigger arbitrariness in vegetable fertilization．Except for cabbage，nitrogen application rate and vegetable yield was negatively correlated，and the very significant differences was observed between nitrogen application rate and Chinese cabbage yield，which showed that high nitrogen application level had become an important limiting factors for the vegetable yield improvement．In Enshi city，the areas of 4 vegetables continuously cropped for 5 years or more，was up to 45.7%．Vegetable cropping years and disease occurrence were very significantly correlated．
  • A New Hot Pepper F1 Hybrid —‘Jingla No. 8’
    CHEN Bin, ZHANG Xiao-Fen, GENG San-Sheng
    . 2012, 1(22): 94-96.
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    ‘Jingla No. 8’is a new F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred lines 04-60 as female parent and 04-136 as male parent．It has mid-early maturity and strong sustainable fruit setting ability．The fruit can preserve good shape throughout the whole growing period．The fruit is of short horn  shape with green and smooth skin．The fruit is about 16 cm in length，5.6 cm in diameter，and 0.4 cm in flesh thickness．The single fruit weight is 90-150 g．It is resistant to TMV and middle resistant to CMV．It can yield about 52.5 t•hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in protected fields in Yangzi River Basin.
  • A New Mid-early Maturity Hot Pepper F1 Hybrid —‘Tianjiao No. 6’
    LIANG Geng-Sheng, YIN Yan-Lan, LEI Rong-Shen, ZHANG Zhong-Ping, CHENG Feng-Lin, ZHAO Chun-Yan
    . 2012, 1(22): 97-99.
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    Tianjiao No.6’is a new mid-early maturity hot pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line 126 as female parent and 91 as male parent．The plant has medium growth vigor．Its plant is 60-80 cm  in height and 65 cm in development width．The first flower sets on the 8-9th node．Its fruit is of ox horn shape with wrinkle surface．Its fruit is 20-25 cm in length and 4-5 cm in diameter，3.3 mm in thickness．The average single fruit weight is 90-110 g．It tastes hot and with good quality．The dry matter content is 83.0 g•kg-1．The VC content is 801.9 mg•kg-1．It can yield above 60 t•hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation both in open and protected fields.
  • A New Superior Early-maturing Tomato F1 Hybrid —‘Bianfen 11’
    ZHAO Xin-Bin, HOU Hong-Miao, LI Yan-Ling, ZHAO Zhen-Yu, WANG Jin-Cheng, CHEN Sui-Zhu
    . 2012, 1(22): 100-102.
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    Bianfen 11’is a new tomato F1 hybrid with early-maturity and excellent quality developed by crossing high hardness self-sterile inbred line ks186 as female parent and inbred line ks105 as male parent．It is of indeterminate growth type，with strong growth vigor．It has high resistance to low temperature and weak light，good resistance to stress，and good continuous fruiting ability．Its fruit shape is round with smooth surface．The matured fruit is pink in color．The average single fruit weight is 216 g．The fruit firmness is high．It is tolerant to storage and transportation．The fructification is of consistency．The deformity rate and dehiscent fruit rate are very low and commodity ratio is high．The soluble solid content is 6.0%．The VC content is 157 mg•kg-1．The lycopene content is 21.60 mg•kg-1．It is highly resistant to ToMV，leaf mildew，Fusarium wilt and resistant to CMV．It is suitable to be cultivated in Henan，Hebei，Shanxi，Shandong Provinces，etc．for protected cultivation in early spring，after autumn or overwinter.
  • A New Eggplant F1 Hybrid —‘Yunqie No. 3’
    GONG Ya-Ju, WU Li-Yan, LI Zhi-Bin, BAO Rui, HUANG Wen-Jing, GE Zheng-Ping
    . 2012, 1(22): 103-104.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    ‘Yunqie No. 3’is a new eggplant F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred lines E26 as female parent and E268 as male parent．It has strong growing vigor．The fruit is of long stick shape，and is 34 cm in length，5.3 cm in diameter with bright purple color．Its fresh is milky white with thin skin．It tastes tender and delicious．Its commodity is good．The average single fruit weight is about 330 g．The yield is about 82.5 t•hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in spring in open fields in central area of Yunnan Province or areas with same climate conditions.
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