15 July 2010, Volume 1 Issue 14

    

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  Research Progress in Tomato Quality Genetics and Breeding

  LI Xiao-lei;LI Jing-fu;KANG Li-gong;ZHANG He;XU Xiang-yang*

  . 2010, 1(14): 1-7.

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  Objectives of tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）quality breeding were focused on good looking appearance, moderate size, even coloring, rich VC content, high soluble solid content, high sugar content, high ratio of sugar and acid, high content of lycopene and be able to tolerant to storage and transportation. This paper expounds the relative review, genetic analysis and breeding progress about tomato quality; and analyzes the existing problems in tomato quality breeding and future breeding objectives and technological line.
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  Research Progress in vitro Regeneration of Vegetable Crops of Brassica rapa

  FAN Ming-qin;ZHU Yue-lin;ZHU Mao-ying;XU Shu-cheng;LI Yan-yan

  . 2010, 1(14): 8-12.

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  This paper expounds the research progress made in the major factors influencing vegetable crops of Brassica rapa in vitro regeneration, such as plant genotype, explants type, explant physiological status, explant incubating method, culture medium and its supplement.
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  Research Progress in Garlic White Rot and Its Control

  LIANG Jing;CHENG Zhi-hui*

  . 2010, 1(14): 13-18.

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  Garlic（Allium sativum L.）white rot, a destructive garlic disease, mainly damages the roots, bulb and leaves. It may cause death of young plants and influence garlic production in fields, with great subsequent loss in yields or even no harvest during severe incidence. The occurrence and development of garlic white rot, various prevention methods and existing problems both in China and abroad were systematically reviewed in this paper. The paper also prospects the keynotes of future research work.
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  Studies on Zinc Tolerance and Accumulation Characteristic of Pakchoi〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee〕

  CHEN Xiu-ling;XU Yan-ru;CUI Xiu-min*;WU Xiao-bin

  . 2010, 1(14): 19-25.

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  Five genotypes pakchoi〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee〕including‘Suzhouqing’,‘Huangxinwu’,‘Piaoercai’,‘Kangre 605’ and‘Nannongaijiaohuang’were selected. The genotypic variations of Zn tolerance and Zn accumulation were studied under 5 different zinc levels（0.43，100，200，400 and 800 mg·L ^-1）by pot experiment with sand culture in solar greenhouse. The results indicated that the shoot biomass of 5 varieties was slightly increased under different zinc levels. Only the root growth of‘Kangre 605’was inhibited under the highest Zn solution, while the roots of the other 4 genotypes were slightly affected. The root tolerance indexes of all the genotypes ranged from 0.82 to 1.90. So they showed very high tolerance to Zn stress. Comparatively, the tolerance of‘Kangre 605’was inferior. The Zn concentration and accumulation in different organs were increased greatly with enhancement of Zn level. The Zn content in roots was the highest. However, Zn accumulation in it was the lowest. More than 60 % Zinc absorbed by roots was transferred to up ground. The redundant zinc absorbed by‘Suzhouqing’,‘Huangxinwu’,‘Kangre 605’and‘Nannongaijiaohuang’was mostly stored in petioles, and leaves were primary storing organ in‘Piaoercai’. Comparatively, Suzhouqing’s ability for accumulating Zn is the strongest. While‘Nannongaijaohuang’is the weakest, but it has very high translocation ability.
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  Effects of Different Environmental Factors（Temperature, Light Intensity and Carbon Dioxide Concentration）Combination on Melon Leaf Photosynthesis at Seedling Stage

  XU Hui;ZHANG Yao*;WANG Rui;LI Tian-lai;LIU Bing

  . 2010, 1(14): 26-30.

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  To get the most suitable environmental conditions for melon（Cucumis melo L.） photosynthesis at seedling stage, net photosynthetic rate（Pn）was measured under different environmental factor（temperatures, light intensity and CO2 concentration） combination. Variations of net photosynthetic rate under different environmental factors were analyzed by fixing one environment variable. Effects of temperature, light intensity and CO2 concentration on leaf photosynthesis were discussed by single-factor correlation calculations. The results show that: when the light intensity was fixed at 600 μmol·s^{- 1}·m^-2, the temperature in the range of 12～30 ℃, leaf net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with temperature, and reached maximum at 30 ℃; while in the temperature range of 30～36℃, the net photosynthetic rate turned into negative correlation; in a fixed CO2 concentration of 1 000 μL·L^-1, light intensity in the range of 70～600 μmol·s^-1·m^-2, leaf net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with light intensity; under certain conditions of temperature, CO2 concentration in the 400～1 600 μL·L^-1 range, the net photosynthetic rate and CO2 concentration has a very good positive correlation.
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  Genetic Analysis and SSR Molecule Marker on Tomato Yellow Leaf Mutant

  GUO Ming;ZHANG He;LI Jing-fu*

  . 2010, 1(14): 31-35.

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  A natural yellow leaf mutant named 06883, found in tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）variety‘Zhongshu No.4’, can be inherited stably. Originally the leaves were green, but the first true leaf color turned into yellow during the period of four leave and one shoot. The fruits turned to red slowly, and became hard which is good for storage. The mutant was reciprocally crossed with tomato variety‘Zhongshu No.4’, and the genetic analysis indicated that the mutant is nucleolus inheritance and controlled by one recessive gene. It can be used as a phonotypical marker to identify purity of F1 hybrids. We roughly mapped the mutant gene using SSR molecular markers. Three SSR markers LEaat006, LEtat002 and Tom196-197 were linked to the mutant gene. They were 8.9 cM, 16.3 cM and 18.7 cM apart from the mutant gene, respectively.
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  Analysis of Genetic Diversity on Different Ecological Watermelon〔Citrullus lanatus （Thunb.）Matsum. et Nakai〕Germplasm Using SSR Markers

  ZHANG Fa-xing;LUAN Fei-shi*;SHENG Yun-yan

  . 2010, 1(14): 36-43.

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  Genetic diversity of 96 accessions watermelon〔Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.） Matsum. et Nakai〕germplasm resources with different ecological types were evaluated by SSR molecular marker. Thirty-eight pairs out of 398 SSR primers generated a total of 7 043 bands, 826（11.7 %）of which were polymorphic with 21.74 polymorphic bands per primer on average. The genetic similarity coefficient of the 96 accessions ranged from 0.42 to 0.99. The result of cluster analysis showed that the relationship was far between wild germplasm and cultivars. There exist close relationship among the accessions from North China ecotype, South China ecotype and Northwest China ecotype. Considering the high homology of watermelon germplasm resources and narrow genetic background in China, it is necessary to induce more germplasm resources so as to broaden watermelon breeding background.
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  Inheritance and RAPD Marker of Head-splitting Trait in Chinese Cabbage

  NIU Na;ZHENG Chen-guang;ZHANG Lu-gang*;XU Yu-jian;ZHANG Li-zhi;FU Wen-ting

  . 2010, 1(14): 44-48.

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  A F₂ population from a single plant with obvious heading-splitting hybrid in Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson〕, was applied to analyze the inheritance of head-splitting trait and to screen linkage molecular marker. The result showed that the best way for surveying head-splitting was delaying plant ripeness for 20 days. And the separated proportion of no-spliting head to splitting head is fitted to 3∶1, which means that at least there is a major recessive gene controlling the trait. In addition，minor genes and environment can also modify the head splitting degree and speed. In the meantime, the genomic DNA extracted from single plant of F₂, 06J31 and 92S24 were used as template to PCR amplification. Primer S15 was selected from 600 random primers and the marker S15-222 was tightly linked with the gene of head- splitting trait. The linkage analysis showed that the distance between the marker S15-222 and head-splitting gene was 8.876 cM, which is useful to MAS of splitting-resistance in Chinese cabbage.
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  Analysis on Related Physiological Indexes of Pepper with Different Hair Characteristics under Drought Stress

  SHANG Hong-qin;LIU Jian-ping*

  . 2010, 1(14): 49-53.

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    Taking three closely relative pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）gene strains with different hair characteristics as test materials, pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress on physiological indexes of pepper with different degree of hairs. The total biomass was also determined. The result showed, contrast to the check, the contents of free proline（Pro）of pepper with different degree of hairs under drought stress was significantly increased. The proline contents of more hairs strains increased 17.98 times, which was higher than that of the others. The malomdiadehyde contents of pepper leaves was significantly increased, the increment of more hairs pepper strains was 29.13 %, which was the least. The activities of superoxide dismutas（SOD）and peroxidase（ POD）were increased obviously. The increment of the more hairs pepper strains were higher than that of the other strains. The reduced rate of the total plant biomass of these 3 closely related pepper gene strains under drought stress was significantly different. The reduced rate of more hairs pepper strains was 29.98 %, which was the least.
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  Effects of PEG Simulated Drought Stress on Seed Germination of Different Cucumber Varieties

  XU Yao-zhao;ZENG Xiu-cun*;WANG Qin-li;LU Jing-lin;WANG Zhi-jiang;ZHANG Ke-duo

  . 2010, 1(14): 54-59.

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  Taking the seeds of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）varieties‘Zhongnong No.16’, ‘Jinyuan No.6’and‘Shuchunbaoyou No.26’as experimental materials, by using different concentration PEG6000 to simulate drought stress conditions, we studied the effects of drought stress on seed germination rate, germination index, vigor index, radicle length, hypocotyl length, lateral root number, electrolyte leakage rate, the dry weight of radicle. The results showed that the low osmotic potential treatment had significant promotion effect on germination rate, germination index, vigor index, radicle length, hypocotyl length, lateral root number and the dry weight of radicle. While the high osmotic potential treatment had obvious inhibition role on the germination rate, germination index, vigor index, radicle length, hypocotyl length, lateral root number and the dry weight of radicle, However, the electrolyte leakage rate is reduced with the increase of osmotic potential treatment. The drought resistance sequence of different cucumber species is‘Zhongnong No.16’>‘Jinyuan No.6’>‘Shuchunbaoyou No.26’.
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  Effects of Ethephon on the Sprouting, Growth and Development of Balsam Pear Seed

  CONG Chao;JIANG Xin-mei*;YU Xi-hong*

  . 2010, 1(14): 60-63.

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  Studying the effects of different ethephon concentration（50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mg·L^-1）, on the growth and development of balsam pear（Momordica charantia L.）by treating its seed. The result shows that: ethephon treatment with balsam pear seed can promote the seed germination and has aftereffect for the plant growing. The germination energy, germination percentage, germination index, vigor index, number of female flower, production, leaf area and stem diameter in the later plant growing period has the tendency of increasing at first and then decreasing with the ethephon concentration increase. The node of the first female flower and the number of male flower also have the tendency of decreasing at first then increasing with the ethephon concentration increase. Among them the best treatment effect is with 150 mg·L^-1（T150）ethephon concentration and all differences between various indexes and the control are significantly.
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  Bisexual Flower Differentiation of Bitter Melon Gynoecious Line by Chemical Regulation

  WANG Ri-sheng;;ZHANG Man;FANG Feng-xue;LIU Wen-jun;YANG Li-tao;LI Yang-rui*

  . 2010, 1(14): 64-66.

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  To maximize the production of bisexual flowers of bitter melon（Momordica charantia L.）gynoecious line through chemical induction, different concentrations of AgNO3 were treated at different seedling stages of the gynoecious line X Hei-d-d. The result indicated that the third complete leaf stage was important for the bisexual flower induction with AgNO3 treatments. The optimal AgNO3 concentration was 300 mg·L^-1 for X Hei-d-d, and the best results were produced by treating two times with an interval of 5 days.
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  Determination and Analysis of Nutritional Components in Fresh Leaves of Vegetable Jute

  LI Yan;GONG You-cai*;CHEN Ji-quan;ZHENG Hai-yan;DAI Zhi-gang;SU Jian-guang

  . 2010, 1(14): 67-70.

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  The content of crude ashes, crude proteins, soluble sugars and 8 mineral elements including K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu and 17 kinds of amino acids were determined with vegetable jute（Corchorus olitorius L.）‘Tianhuangma’as material by traditional method AAS（atomic absorption spectrophotometry）and Japan’s Hitachi L-8800 automatic amino acid analyzer, respectively. The results indicate that there are extremely rich crude proteins, mineral elements and amino acids in‘Tianhuangma’. Its K content is 6 740 mg·kg^-1, Ca content is 4 450 mg·kg^-1, Na content is 30.2 mg·kg^-1.
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  To Identify Clubroot Resistance of Cruciferae Vegetables from Yunnan Province by Using Soil Bacteria Inoculation Method

  HU Jing-feng;WU Li-yan;LIN Liang-bin;LI Wei-fen;LI Shi-kai;ZHONG Li;HE Jiang-ming*

  . 2010, 1(14): 71-74.

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  In our experiment，resistance to club-root disease of 110 accessions cruciferous crops from Yunnan were identified by using soil bacteria inoculation methods. The results show that the disease index of TS04 screened from turnip sample is only 1.46. It is a high-resistant material. H166，‘Niuxinlianhuabai’，‘Yuangandaqingcai’， ‘Jianshuiqinghua’and TS09 are disease resistant materials. Their disease indexes are between 14.44 to 19.57.‘Jianyehuacai’，‘Chunbulao’，‘Dongchuanheieryin’and TS11 are disease tolerant materials. Their disease indexes are 20.79 to 23.51. The remaining materials are susceptible to disease.
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  Analysis on Heavy Metal Environmental Effect in Soil of Vegetable Fields in Southeast Suburbs of Harbin

  REN Wei;ZHANG Si-chong*;CUI Ke-yu;ZHANG Li-hui

  . 2010, 1(14): 75-79.

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  This paper studies the heavy metal content and heavy metal relativity in soil of vegetable fields in southeast suburbs of Harbin, further analyzes the crop accumulation and the environment effect. The results show that the heavy metal contents in samples soil are Cu 28.451 mg·kg^-1，Pb 35.258 mg·kg^-1，Zn 57.654 mg·kg^-1，Ni 30.209 mg·kg^-1，Cr 32.660 mg·kg^-1，Cd 0.126 mg·kg^-1，As 3.934 mg·kg^-1，Hg 0.049 mg·kg^-1, respectively. In the aspect of environment effect, the heavy metal contents are decreasing from bottom to top in plant organs. Heavy metal contents at plant root are the highest. Pea has stronger accumulation ability for Pb and Cr than eggplant and onion. Onion has stronger accumulation ability for Cd then eggplant and pea, while eggplant has stronger accumulation ability for As. In the aspect of food safety, the heavy metal contents of the 3 vegetables: onion, pea and eggplant are not exceeded the national standards.
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  A Super Early Maturing and Processing Tomato F₁ Hybrid—‘Longhongza No.1’

  SHAO Jing-cheng;HU Zhi-feng;YE De-you;YANG Yong-gang;ZHANG Shao-li;WANG Xiao-wei*

  . 2010, 1(14): 80-82.

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  ‘Longhongza No.1’is a processing tomato hybrid developed by crossing super early maturing 991719 as female parent with super early maturing 991478 as male parent. The fruit is oval and red in color. It takes about 55 days from flowering to fruit maturing. The first inflorescence appears at the 5-6 leaf knobs. The plant height is 61.3 cm and plant width is 50.9 cm. The stem thick is 1.31 cm and the length between knobs is 3.32 cm. The variety has medium quantity of leaves and moderate growth vigor. Its fruit is of long round shape with smooth skin and without shoulder. The average single fruit weight is 70.2 g. The fruit hardness is 0.54 kg·cm^-2. It is good for storage and transportation. The soluble solid content is about 5.17 %. Its yield is about 84 t·hm^-2. It has strong resistance to virus disease and leaf mold. It is tolerant to early blight. It is suitable for growing in Gansu, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and other processing tomato production areas.
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  A New Oriental Melon F₁ Hybrid —‘Liaotian No.15’

  XU Wen-kui;LIU Shi-lei;ZHANG Jia-wang;ZHANG Geng-hong;HAN Wen-hua

  . 2010, 1(14): 83-84.

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  ‘Liaotian No.15’is a new oriental melon F1 hybrid crossed by inbred line 02-76-1-4-8-16-1138 as female parent and inbred line 02-44-6-3-15-17-541 as male parent. It has early maturity and good storage and transportation quality. The mature fruit is of tall round-shape. Its skin is white with yellow halo, and it has sweet and crispy flesh with 15 % soluble solid content. The average single fruit weight is about 360 g and it yields about 33 t·hm^-2. It is suitable for protected field cultivation in spring in Northeast of China and other areas with similar climate conditions.
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  A New Watermelon F₁ Hybrid —‘Nongkeda No.5’

  MA Jian-xiang;ZHANG Xian;ZHANG Yong;YANG Jian-qiang;YANG Rui-ping

  . 2010, 1(14): 85-87.

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  A new early maturing watermelon F₁ hybrid‘Nongkeda No.5’was bred by crossing inbred lines M18 as female parent and F23 as male parent. Its fruit development period is 28 to 30 days, and the whole growing period is 90-92 days. The variety is easy to bear fruits. The fruit’s index is 1.1. Its fruit is of round shape and covered with dark green bands in thin strip. The fruit rind is about 0.93 cm thick. It is good for storage and transportation. The color of flesh is bright red and the fresh is succulent with high quality and good flavor. The soluble solid content in the core area of flesh is 12.4 %, and the gradient in brim area is small. The field investigation shows that‘Nongkeda No.5’has stronger resistance to gummy stem blight than‘Jingxin No.2’, and there is a few fusarium wilt, anthracnose and powdery mildew didn’t occur. The single fruit is about 5.9 kg, and the yield is 48.0 t·hm^-2. It is suitable for cultivation in facility watermelon planting regions in Shaanxi province and areas with same ecological conditions in early spring.
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  A New Super-sweet Corn F₁ Hybrid —‘Gantian No.4’

  HAO Kai;HUANG You-cheng;ZHANG Li-rong;ZHOU Ji-bin;RAO Sai-hua

  . 2010, 1(14): 88-90.

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  ‘Gantian No.4’is a new super-sweet corn F₁ hybrid, bred by crossing Jtian26 as female parent and Jtian11 as male parent. Its plant height is 177 cm, ear height is 65 cm, kernel length is 1.1 cm. The fresh kernel rate is 69.9 %. It is resistant to lodging with good stay-green and wide adaptability. Its quality is excellent. Its average fresh ear yield is 13.5 t·hm^-2. It takes about 85 days from germination to harvest. It is suitable for planting in spring corn region in Northwest part of China.