The accuracy of measuring tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）leaf area by ImageJ software was confirmed through measuring scanned standard shape. There was no significant difference for area with 100, 200 and 300 DPI. And 200 DPI was better. Two methods of paper-cutting and image processing for measuring tomato leaf area were compared and there was no significant difference. Based on the result, the method of measuring tomato leaf area with scanner and ImageJ software was established.

津优35号黄瓜是天津科润黄瓜所最新育成的黄瓜新品种,该品种最大的特点是突出了早熟性、瓜条外观商品性和丰产性,兼具优质、抗病、耐低温、弱光的性能,达到节能、省工、有效减少农药使用的目的,具有良好的社会效益和生态效益。在目前选育的温室黄瓜品种中,综合性状居前列。该品种植株生长势较强,叶片中等大小,主蔓结瓜为主,瓜码密……

Studies were carried out on the contents of microelements,amino acids,total flavonoids,proteins,soluble sugars,Na and K in ten esculent chrysanthemum(Dendranthema×grandiflorum)varieties.The results showed that Fe and Zn contents of esculent chrysanthemum were higher and Cu was next;while,Se was the lowest.In general,the microelement contents of Long5 and Xiab were higher than the others.The amino acids showed that,the contents of glutamic acid,aspartic acid,proline and leucine in esculent chrysanthemum were higher.Among different varieties,Amino acid contents of Long4 were the highest.Those of Long5,Long2 and Long1 were the next.Total flavonoid contents of Long1 and Long2 were significantly higher than the others.Protein content of Xiab was the highest.Those of Zaoch,Long2 and Long5 were the next.The differences of soluble sugar,K and Na contents between various varieties were not significant.

Effect of new plant growth regulator compound sodium nitrophenolate，DA-6 on ginger （Zingiber offcinale Rosc.）growth，yield and quality was studied in field．The results showed that compound sodium nitrophenolate，DA-6 could significantly promote the growth of ginger，but only the roots grew better than the control in early growth period．With the growth of ginger，the fresh weight of various plant organs of ginger applied compound sodium nitrophenolate and DA-6 were notably higher than the control．When harvesting，compared with the control，the plant height of ginger applied compound sodium nitrophenolate，DA-6 was increased by 11.59% and 14.02%，the number of branches increased by 24.59% and 28.69%，yield increased by 18.53% and 22.30%，respectively. But there was no significant difference between the treatments of compound sodium nitrophenolate and DA-6．In addition，the compound sodium nitrophenolate，DA-6 have also increased the contents of rhizome starch，soluble protein and amino acid of ginger by different degrees.

The present study was conducted to control cabbage（Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.）

pests with several insecticides of 30 % chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam SC,25 %

chlorantraniliprole SC and 40 % chlorpyrifos EC applied by drenching to seedbeds.The results showed

that 30 % chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam SC had high control effect and longer duration against

diamondback moth（Plutellaxy lostella）and striped flea beetle（Phyllotreta vittata）on cabbage.Ten

days to twentyfive days after transplanting,the control efficacy of 30 % chlorantraniliprole·

thiamethoxam SC was over 89 %,which was equal to 25 % chlorantraniliprole SC by 48.75 g·hm^-2 and

very significantly better than that of other insecticides.Seventy days after transplanting,field

investigations found that different treatments had significant different impacts on cabbage fruit

setting.Among them,the effects of 30 % chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam SC had the lowest cabbage

fruit setting rate.

(2008年6月出版)《中国现代蔬菜病虫原色图鉴》全彩大全版是在《中国蔬菜病虫原色图谱》及其续集的基础上精编而成,并增加了名特优蔬菜、国外引进蔬菜上的病虫害,以及近几年新出现的病虫害,于2008年6月由远方出版社出版。该图鉴介绍了176种现代蔬菜上的病

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of different foliar fertilizer on the growth,yield and quality of tomato.The results obtained were listed as following:application of different foliar fertilizers could not only increase tomato yield 28.6 %-85.7 % higher than that of the control，but also enable the plant to rapidly absorb N，P and K through its leaves,thus markedly increasing their contents in the plants.Foliar applications of suitable concentration of BRs and nutrient substance significantly promoted plant growth,enhanced chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves,improved the contents of VC，soluble sugar and protein and decreased the content of organic acid of tomato，thus improving the fruit quality.Among the different combinations of foliar fertilizers，the rational mixture of suitable concentration of nutrient substance with BRs had the most optimum results in stimulating plant growth and increasing yield and improving fruit quality.

Taking lettuce（Lactuca sativa L.）as experimental material，this paper studies the alleviative effect of salicylic acid on growth inhibition of lettuce seedlings under stress with different salt concentrations．The results showed that SA pretreatment could increase the plant height，leaf area，root length and root surface area of lettuce seedlings under salt stress．Moreover，SA could enhance the CAT and APX activities in root obviously，reduce MDA content and relative electric conductivity significantly，and improve membrane stability．

Salt-tolerant cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）cultivar‘Jinchun No.5’and salt-sensitive cucumber cultivar‘Jinyou No.1’were used as materials．Taking NaCl（525 mg•kg-1）as salt-stress condition，the tanks are used to culture 2 different cucumber cultivars in the greenhouse．We compared the effect of growth and soil enzyme activities of these 2 different cucumbers in the root zone．The results show that the yield per plant and dry weight of salt-sensitive cucumber cultivar‘Jinyou No.1’is significantly lower than that of salt-tolerant cucumber cultivar‘Jinchun No.5’．And the leaf area of‘Jinyou No.1’after transplanting 50 d and soil dehydrogenase activity after transplanting 40 d are significantly lower than‘Jinchun No.5’．Under soil salinization condition，the inhibited urease，catalase and dehydrogenase  activity of salt-tolerant varieties‘Jinchun No.5’are lighter than that of salt-sensitive varieties‘Jinyou No.1’in rhizospher after transplanting 30 d，40 d．

It is the physiological and biochemical flexibility that enable polyploid plants to possess stronger tolerance and viability than the diploid progenitors or relative species in adverse enviroment，especially for the vegetatively propagated or perennial plants．Polyploid breeding is widely adopted in crop breeding strategies．Some achievements have been made in polyploid aspect for garlic（Allium sativum L.）known as the traditionally horticultural crop in China．This paper gives an overview of the new progress made in the methods of polyploidization at home and abroad，and analyzes the existing problems in polyploid garlic breeding．The development of garlic breeding technology for the years to come is also prospected.

Tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）tissue culture is the foundation for genetic transformation and functional genomics study．The paper focuses on the factors which include genotype，explant，plant growth regulators，physical factors，rooting conditions etc．influencing tomato in vitro regeneration，and research progress made in studying tissue morphology and somatocyte variation during regeneration．The paper also prospects the research on tomato tissue culture in the near future．

Cucumber target leaf spot，caused by Corynespora cassiicola（Berk & Curt）Wei.，have resulted in an increasing losses in cucumber production recently．Phylogenetic diversity，pathogenous law methods of evaluating cucumber resistant to target leaf spot，resistant cucumber germplasm and their controlling methods are discussed systematically in this paper．Considering problems existing in current research，advices and suggestions are provided and future research orientation is prospected．

To identify the defense mechanism of Bemisia tabaci hemolymph against Beauveria bassiana，cellular immune responses of the infected 3rd instar nymph was investigated with optics microscope and Giemsa stain．The results showed that the invasion of Beauveria bassiana could bring about changes in the total numbers of host hemocytes．After 36 hours inoculation，the blastospores appeared in B. tabaci and the total numbers of host hemocytes were increased．At the same time，the blastospores were adsorbed to the surface of plamatocyte．60 hours after inoculation，the hyphal bodies were absorbed to the surface of granulocytes．More hyphal bodies were observed to the surface of granulocytes 96 hours after inoculation，and the insect body color had appeared the symptoms of infection，which means that the B. bassiana has broken the defense of B. tabaci．B. tabaci can only inhibit the invasion of B. basiana temporarily.

From April to August 2010，we visited 804 practitioners（791 households and 13 enterprises/cooperatives）in 13 counties，63 towns and 124 villages，and investigated the overall situations and economic efficiencies of solar greenhouse and plastic big-arch shelter from 2009-2010．The results showed that the input-output ratio of edible fungus，flower and strawberry were higher than vegetables and melon in solar greenhouse，of which the annual yield benefit per hectare of edible fungus was the highest- 538 430.1 yuan|vegetables gained the lowest-120 046.35 yuan per hectare．The average benefit of plastic big-arch shelter was far less than the solar greenhouses，in which vegetables were 34.29% lower than in solar greenhouse，melon was 28.94% lower．The solar greenhouse is more possible to gain high efficiency than plastic big-arch shelter．The lowest proportion of high-efficiency gained by vegetables in solar greenhouse is 7.14%，while in plastic big-arch shelter is only 3.06%．Multiple crops benefits were significantly higher than one big crop both in solar greenhouse and plastic big-arch shelter．This paper puts forward suggestions of optimizing planting structure，reasonably arranging crops，strengthening technical training，improving crop yield and quality，exerting cooperative’s advantage，and expanding sales channels.

Effects of different inoculation methods, A) leaf in vitro inoculation, B) cut-off stem inoculation, and C) drench with zoosperm inoculation on eight pepper varieties were compared. Results showed that the three methods were all effective ways to test the resistance to pepper phytophthora blight. In method A, leaves were collected from field and detected in laboratory. Therefore it could test many varieties at short time, and it had no effect on plant growth. The method is especially adapts to testing rare ...

The key factors affecting the quality of chilli sauce were investigated,such as formula,oil temperature and thickening agent. The results showed that the better formula of raw material was 67g chilli powder,10g salt,17g spice C,17g spice D,2g ginger powder,1.1g sugar;cow grease was used as thickening agent which accounted for 14% of raw material;the optimum temperature of colza oil was 200℃ during processing chilli sauce.

Simulating factory production process of sproutsing to cultivate bean sprouts, taking spoilage sprouts samples during the process of cultivating, then separating, purifying and identification were carried out to determine the pathogen. Finalized for the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was finalized. Observing the pathogenicity of inoculation volume of different Rhizoctonia mycelial suspensions on bean sprouts was tested. The results showed that different inoculums leaded to the differencest of disease occurring the time of incidence, the incidence rate and bean sprouts biological production. Using inoculums at 2 pieces bacteria per 5 milliliter and 2 pieces bacteria per 10 milliliter of mycelial suspensions to treat bean sprouts, the spoilage of bean sprouts was serious. The incidence rate at the 5th day were 46 %, 25 %, respectively. The results of using different treatments to protect Rhizoctonia solani showed that 40 ℃ hot-water disinfection, 1 % lime water, 1/5 000 potassium permanganate might control the occurrence of Rhizoctonia to some extent, the relative control efficiencies were 91.30 %, 54.35 %, 50.00 %, respectively.

This study used 5 ISSR primer combinations to analyze genetic diversities among 105 celery（Apium graveolens L. var. dulce DC.）germplasm. The result showed that the cluster analysis based on ISSR data classified the celery germplasm into 5 major groups. In these groups，most of the samples（81.9 %）were gathered in group 2, indicating the collected germplasm with close blood relationship. The results of principle component analysis suggested that in China, celery cultivars include 2 categories which are the imported celery and Chinese celery. In Chinese celery categories, the white and solid celery have closer blood relationship, the white solid celery may be obtained from a genetic mutation of the solid celery. By principle component analysis and field observation, we divided the imported celery into 2 groups. The character of one group has longer growing period, with strong erectness and bolting tolerance, the other group has shorter growing period, with weak erectness and bolting tolerance.

Grafting-bitter gourd on Luffa rootstock showed a good compatibility,81.5% seedling survived. The grafted plants grew vigorously at late stage,gave high quality of fruits and increased resistance to nematode. The yield of grafted plants concentrated on later stage was 38.4% higher than that of non-grafted bitter gourd.

This paper reviews the research progress in genetic breeding of bitter gourd（Momordica charantia L.），including inheritance of fruit characters，gynoecious breeding，sex differentiation，disease resistant breeding，haploid breeding and new varieties selective breeding．It also points out the existing problems facing the bitter gourd breeding in China and the developing trends，according to the present bitter gourd breeding status．

In order to study the effect of boron and potassium on growth of watermelon（Citrullus lanatus）and to offer advice for scientific fertilization of watermelon in gravel mulched fields, the effective experiment of boron and potassium on watermelon was conducted in gravel mulched fields in the Loess Plateau of northwest China. The effects of fertilization on yield and quality of watermelon were studied with 8 treatments including CK（N）, NB0.1, NB0.2, NB0.3, NK, NKB0.1, NKB0.2, NKB0.3. The results showed that boron, potassium and combined application could increased yield, sugar content, VC content and reduce nitrate content. The effect of boron and potassium combined application were better than single application, and the effect of NKB0.3 was the best of all. Its yield，soluble sugar content and VC content increased by 18.72 %, 21.12 % and 31.08 % respectively, and nitrate content was decreased by 21.43 % compared to the CK.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study effects of transplanting time on growth and yield of Chinese chive cultivated in plate filled with organic substrate.The results indicated that properly advancing or putting off the transplanting time could increase plant height,stem diameter and yield of Chinese chive and that trangplanting time of November 24 was the best.With transplanting time deferred,number and length of new roots decreased but leaf width increased,leaf number changed little.There was a responding relation between transplanting time and Chinese chive variety,which may be related to dormancy characteristic of Chinese chive variety and the nutrition accumulated in rhizoma and roots.Rhizogenesis,growth and yield of‘Pingjiu No.2’were higher than those of‘791’,‘Zigenhong’,and‘Xindugenhong’.

Effects of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,dibutyl phthalate and diphenylamine on mineral elements absorption of young tomato root system were studied in this paper.The results showed that the absorption of N,P and K were affected by these three allelochemicals.The inhibitive effect of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid on the absorption of N,P and K increased with its concentration rising.Low concentration of dibutyl phthalate increased the absorption of N,but decreased the absorption of P and K.Its high concentration restrained the absorption of N,P and K,while the low concentration of diphenylamine could stimulate the absorption of N and K,but restrain the absorption of P.Generally,the P absorption was mostly affected by these allelochemicals.

Twenty-one bactericides were used to assay the toxicity to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, which could provide references for the selection of bactericides in felids. The results showed that streptomycin, dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium and streptomycin+oxyteracykine had obvious toxicity to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, and their EC50 value were 35 582, 925 186 and 1 948 mg?L-1, respectively. Certain concentration proportional streptomycin and streptomycin + oxyteracykine, dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium and streptomycin + oxyteracykine had the synergic effects on the toxicity to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, while dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium and streptomycin showed independent effects on the toxicity to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria.

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different slow release compound fertilizers on biological traits，yield，quality and nutrient content of tumorous stem mustard（Brassica juncea Coss.?var.?tumida Tsen et Lee）．The results showed that compared with special fertilization，application of slow release compound fertilizers was effective to improve the biological traits and yield of tumorous stem mustard．The treatment of slow released compound fertilizer dropped the contents of soluble sugar and increased free amino acids of tumorous stem，but the change of vitamin C was not outstanding，which also decreased the content of nitrate．On the whole，slow released compound fertilizer could increase the total nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium contents of stem and leaf of tumorous stem mustard．Considering various factors，the treatment of reducing 5% slow release compound fertilizer application（1 225.5 kg·hm-2）is an optimum choice.

Kresoxim-methyl is one of the new fungicides commonly used for controlling strawberry powdery mildew．In order to select mixture of kresoxim-methyl with difenoconazole of synergistic control effect against strawberry powdery mildew，we screened by pot experiment Sphaerotheca aphanis among fungicide mixtures．The results showed that CTC values of the mixtures with the mixing ratio of Kresoxim-methyl and difenoconazole as 1∶1，1∶3，1∶5，1∶7，1∶9 were 157.91，121.83，116.65，114.07 and 108.08，respectively．The results also showed that the 2 ratios among the 5 as 1∶1 and 1∶3 to Sphaerotheca aphanis had obviously synergistic effect，and the rest 3 had additive effect．Among the 5 matching ratios，1∶1 ratio had the best effect，both from the synergistic effect and the control effect.

通过滴灌施药方法，研究了一种新型生物熏蒸剂———20 % 辣根素水剂对设施草莓土壤消毒处理效果， 结果表明: 20 % 辣根素水剂对土壤真菌和细菌有明显的杀灭效果， 对土壤放线菌杀灭效果不明显，对土壤真菌中的镰刀菌杀灭效果达到了100 % ， 对土壤真菌中的腐霉、曲霉、青霉等杀灭效果显著。设施草莓土壤经过辣根素消毒处理后，草莓整个生长期内的植株成活率明显提高， 可在草莓生产上进行推广应用。

As the initiation of the international sequencing projects of cucumber, tomato, potato, Chinese cabbage and their nearing completion, it takes the vegetable crops into the era of functional genomics. This paper reviews the techniques of functional genomics, and its application in vegetable crops, also the trend in the future.

Plants formed a set of complicated and delicate gene regulation network through
long-term development evolution，so as to ensure the plant bloss oming in an optimal time．Flowering
time is determined by a series of specific genes，which expressed and reacted with each other in
a particular time and space．Molecular mechanism of flowering time is one of the hot spots in recent
studies．This paper reviews the funcation of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1（
SOC1） gene and the role of its relationship with other related controlling signals：SOC1．
One of the MADS transcription factor can integrate the blossom signals from 4 flowering regulation
pathways（photoperiod pathway，autonomous pathway，vernalization pathway and gibberellin
pathway） to stimulate blossoming，interact with other genes or proteins to regulate the downstream floral organ feature genes, and finally control flowering time． The expression of SOC1 was up-regulated
by its up-stream genes（CO，FT and SPL）and GAs factors，yet down-regulated by flowering
repressors SVP and FLC．And there is a positive feedback between SOC1 and AGL24．SOC1
and AGL24 can interact with each other to induce the expression of LFY，which can regulate the flower organ genes．

Insecticides of 2.5 % imidacloprid EC,2.5 % lambda-cyhalothrin EC,5 % acetamiprid EC,100 g·L^-1 alpha-cypermethrin EC and 25 % buprofezin WC were used for field trial against cowpea aphid（Aphis craccivora）.Insecticides of 480 g·L^-1 chlorpyrifos EC,4.5 % cypermethrin EC,80 % dichlorvos EC,75 % cyromzinge WP and 0.5 % emamectin benzoate EC were used for field trial against Liriomyza sativae.The results showed that 1 500 times dilution of 2.5 % imidacloprid EC,2 000 times dilution of 2.5 % lambda-cyhalothrin EC,1 000 times dilution of 5 % acetamiprid EC and 2 000 times dilution of 100 g·L^-1 alpha-cypermethrin EC could effectively control cowpea aphid and the efficacy were all above 95.76 % during 1 day to 10 days after control.The efficacy of 1 000 times dilution of 25 % buprofezin WC was very low and it was only 66.68 % in 3 days after spraying.3 000 times dilution of 75 % cyromzinge WP had good control effects on Liriomyza sativae and its efficacy was 89.63 %，94.10 % and 93.28 % differently after 3 days，7 days and 10 days.The secondary efficacy was given by 480 g·L^-1 chlorpyrifos EC,with control effect of 61.12 %，69.15 % and 69.40 % after 3 days，7 days and 10 days.The other insecticides all had very low efficacy.

Taking‘Yongtian No.3’own-root plants,put on the ground of sunlight greenhouse as control(CK),the approach grafting (T1)inside of sunlight greenhouse,the own-root approach grafting of‘Yongtian No.3’(T2),and part of own-root plants(T3)also put in small arch tunnel as disposal,the effects of grafting and conditions after grafting on flower bud differentiation and flower development of pellicle melon were studied.The results indicated that among all disposals in the small arch tunnel,the elementary florescence and prosperous florescence of the own-root plants were 3-4 days earlier,and the sub-vine female flower rate was very significantly than the other 2 grafting disposals.The quality of female flower was all under CK.The elementary florescence and prosperous florescence of CK were 1-2 days earlier than T3,and the sub-vine female flower rate was very significantly than other disposals in small arch tunnel.Microscope and olefin slice up show that,all disposals in the small arch tunnel were one leaf shorter than CK,which show that the approach grafting had certain effects on flower bud differentiation and flower development,as the elementary florescence and prosperous florescence were delayed 3-4 d,and the sub-vine female flower rate declined 6.1-15.2 percentage point.But the high night temperature and cover light had even more effects on the plants after grafting.

To clone and characterize the encoding FMRFamid-like peptides genes from Meloidogyne incognita,total RNA was extracted from the J2 nematodes.One gene was obtained by RACE and named Mi-flp-16(GenBank：EU549831).The full length cDNA sequence of Mi-flp-16 was 690 bp,with a 528 bp ORF and encoding a 176 amino acids protein.The protein has three FLPs,including two AQTFVRF and one GQTFVRF.Using in situ hybridization technique to detect the expression of Mi-flp-16,found that it was expressed in neurones associated with the circumpharyngeal nerve ring.

Taking concentration of 225 mmol·L^-1 NaCl solution to treat different salt-tolerant cucumber varieties,the effects of salt stress on chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultra-structure were studied.The results showed that under certain concentration of NaCl,at the initiate stage of salt stress,there were not many changes in salt-tolerant varieties.The chlorophyll contents of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties decreased significantly as salt stress last for a long time,but the decrease range of salt-tolerant varieties is smaller than that of salt-sensitive varieties.At the same time,salt stress could harm the chloroplast membrane system,accelerate the aging of chloroplast,disintegrating gradually the layer,shaping the contour changes,and changing the linage direction of internal layers,and arising a minor expansion,decreasing the number of tablets layers,simplifying the internal structure until total collapse.But the changing degree of salt-tolerant varieties is less than that of salt-sensitive varieties.

By detecting the pesticide use and 94 kinds pesticide residues in vegetable production in Zhejiang Province，major pesticide residue types at present and their risks in vegetable were analyzed．The results showed that 78 kinds of pesticides mainly used in vegetable production，including insecticide，fungicide，growth regulator and herbicide were mostly pesticides with high effective and low toxic．The detection of pesticide residues revealed that 28 pesticides got high detectable rate in vegetables，including acetamiprid，carbendazim，dursban，imidacloprid，morpholine，triazophos，propamocarb，pyridaben，etc.．The results also indicated that 46.4% of the detected pesticides with residual in vegetables were not found in using．But methamidophos and other highly toxic pesticides were still checked out．One of the main risks is some pesticide products without label and their component is unclear to customer．In addition，a unified standard testing method has not been established for 28 kinds of pesticides frequently used in vegetable production．Pesticide residue is still a security risk for vegetable consumption．

Using root cutting and shoot cutting,by means of the orthogonal design propagation of Toona sinensis was carried out. The results showed that root cutting was superior to shoot cutting,and long cutting was better than short cutting for propagation. There were some difference in rooting positions between the root cutting and the short cutting,Adventitious roots developed from callu and corium for the shoot cutting and root cutting respectively. Cutting propagation using root and shoot cutting could be us...

Clubroot has become a devastating diseases and expanded rapidly in the Northeast and Southwest regions of China，Upper-middle Reaches of Yangtze River and Qingdao of Shandong Province．It has restricted the Cruciferae vegetables industry development and became a research focus in home and abroad，and have made breakthrough progress in taxonomic status of Plasmodiophora brassicae，physiological race differentiation，methods for determination，inoculation techniques，life cycle，biological characteristics and control methods through unremitting efforts for several decades．Recent years，the study of clubroot has achieved gratifying successes in many fields，including detection technologies of Plasmodiophora brassicae，biological controls and life cycle．In this paper the latest overseas research progresses were reviewed on clubroot of Cruciferae vegetables，including taxonomic status，life cycle，molecular pathogenesis，diagnosis and detection technology of Plasmodiophora brassicae，biological controls and so on，also discussed the necessities of research trend of life cycle of Plasmodiophora brassicae and further study of pathogenesis．

The paper briefly describes differentiation of specialized form of Fusarium oxysporum, and summarizes the general techniques using in molecular marker research as well as the progress in molecular marker of resistance to Fusarium wilt in melon, watermelon and cucumber and other cucurbitaceae crops. The application prospect of molecular marker-assisted selection is viewed in cucurbit breeding.

This experiment used 4 common types of solar greenhouse as targets．Their back wall materials from the inside to outside are 37 cm brick+10 cm polyphony board+24 cm brick，20 cm ceramic brick+10 cm perlite+20 cm ceramic brick，Shouguang type loam wall，37 cm brick+12 cm polyphony board，respectively．According to the structure parameters and building materials of these 4 types solar greenhouses，we analyzed their lighting angle and heat preservation functions，and measured the indoor and outdoor temperatures of the solar greenhouses in winter of 2010-2011．The results showed that the temperature of Beijing in winter of 2010-2011 is normal but leaning to cold．Thermal resistance of the greenhouse with 37 cm brick+10 cm polyphony board+24 cm brick back wall is 3.41 m2 K W-1．The average indoor temperature is 14.4 ℃．The average night temperature is above 10 ℃．The lowest temperature is above 6 ℃．The average temperature inside of Shouguang type greenhouse is 12.4 ℃．The average temperature at night is above 8.4 ℃．The lowest temperature is above 4.6 ℃．These 2 types of solar greenhouses can ensure the fruit vegetables production in winter．Greenhouses with 20 cm ceramic brick+10 cm perlite+20 cm ceramic brick and 37 cm brick+12 cm polyphony have lower indoor temperatures．The lowest temperature is around 0 ℃．The average temperature at night is between 5-7 ℃．They are only good for cultivating cold-tolerant leaf vegetables in winter.

For the purpose of testing cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）hybrid purity，a SNP site was screened by high resolution melting（HRM）from 33 commercial cucumber cultivars，whose polymorphism information（PIC）were 0.401．We established the purity test method based the SNP，which was genotyped by pyrosequencing．The method was applied in purity test of‘Youyi’cucumber cultivar．The result indicated that 90 were pure hybrid seeds，and the purity was 96.7%，which is coincide with the results of CLA0 and SSR．Overall，the method is fit for purity test of cucumber hybrid and the SNP-pyrosequencing test model is suitable for distinctness，uniformity and stability（DUS）analysis．

Group 3 later embryogenesis abundant proteins(LEA3),present in abundance in seeds during the late stages of development,induced by exogenous abscisic acid(ABA),and associated with drought tolerance.According to high conservative amino acids of reported LEA3 in Gramineae,degenerate primers were designed and a special DNA fragment was obtained from Zizania caduciflora by RT-PCR.Then based on the obtained sequence,some new primers were designed, and two terminals of lea3 gene were cloned by 3′RACE and 5′RACE respectively.Splicing the fragments of sequence,the full length cDNA sequence was obtained which indicated that open reading frame region of this gene was 666 bp,coded 221 amino acid,including 2 characteristic motif of lea3 gene only.Through comparing with the reported lea3 genes sequences,we found that Zizania caduciflora shared the identity with Oryza sativa,Hordeum vulgare,Triticum aestivum,Bromus inermis and Zea mays as 51.2 %,41.0 %,41.1 %,42.0 % and 40.5 %,respectively.It was concluded that Zizania caduciflora lea3 gene had genetic characteristics similar with all species and it could provide reference for functional research.At present,this nucleotide sequence data are deposited in GenBank databases under the accession number GQ494017.