Abstract：In order to clarify the quality characteristics of screw pepper，the fl avor quality related indexes（types and contents of capsaicinoids，volatile compounds，etc）and some other quality indexes of smoothskinned pepper‘Sujiao No.9’（S9，as control）and 9 varieties of screw pepper fruits（green ripening stage） were determined，and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using membership function and principal component analysis（PCA）methods．The results showed that the capsaicinoids content of screw pepper varied，with the spiciness level of 7-8．A total of 222 volatile compounds were detected in 10 varieties of pepper，among which screw peppers were 28-62 more than smooth-skinned pepper（S9）and the average content was 55.19% higher．The main aroma types of screw pepper were green，floral and aldehydic，and the aroma-active compounds such as hexanal，（E）-2-Hexenal，octanal and 1-Octen-3-ol might be the key compounds to form the unique flavor of screw pepper．In addition，compared with smooth-skinned pepper S9，the fruit hardness of screw peppers were 36.44%-47.97% lower，and the vitamin C content were 17.09%-
95.47% higher．The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the fruit quality score ranking of screw pepper was higher than that of smooth-skinned pepper（S9）．Overall，screw pepper has the advantages of low hardness，high vitamin C content，rich volatile compounds and intense fl avor，and the fruit quality is better than smooth-skinned pepper．

Abstract：In 2024，the general market prices of vegetables predominantly adhered to the typical pattern of annual seasonal fluctuations．Nevertheless，during the summer-autumn periods，the prices tended to operate at relatively elevated levels．Owing to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions and their sustained eff ects，it is anticipated that the upward trajectory of vegetable prices in the current winter and the forthcoming spring will be less steep compared to previous years，with a potentially longer duration of the price-increasing cycle．Taking into account the fact that the overall vegetable prices were on the higher side in 2024 and the acreage under cultivation has increased year-on-year，it is projected that the overall supply of vegetables in the spring of 2025 will be ensured．

China is the world’s largest producer of vegetables，with vegetables being the primary export category of Chinese agricultural products，accounting for 16.157% of agricultural exports in 2022．In the context of the RCEP agreement’s signing and implementation，it is highly significant to explore the status and potential of China’s vegetable trade with its partners to deepen the positive eff ects of exports and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese vegetables．The study utilizes panel data of China’s vegetable export trade to RCEP partners from 2006 to 2022，constructs a stochastic frontier gravity model and a trade inefficiency model，empirically analyzes China’s trade efficiency and its influencing factors with respect to RCEP partners，and measures the export potential of each country．The results indicate that the economic level，population size，economic disparity，vegetable yields，and trade environment of China and RCEP partners significantly impact vegetable exports．The rule of law，economic institutional environment，and infrastructure level of RCEP partners positively infl uence the effi ciency of vegetable exports．However，the level of integrity in export destinations and improvements in government effi ciency，conversely，negatively aff ect trade effi ciency．The average effi ciency of China’s vegetable exports to RCEP partners over the years is 0.667，though there are signifi cant diff erences among the countries within the RCEP partnership．China should continue to enhance the quality of its vegetable exports，expedite the implementation of the RCEP agreement，and further expand the depth and breadth of its cooperation with RCEP partners to reduce trade resistance and promote the continued growth of vegetable export volumes.

Abstract：In order to establish a practical quality evaluation system for fresh edible cucumber，this study took 31 cucumber varieties collected from 3 ecological types as test materials，carried out fl avor sensory index evaluation，and combined with nutritional quality index，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis method．The results showed that：among the North China type cucumber varieties，the flavor sensory evaluation of‘Shuyancuiyu’was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.83；among the South China cucumber varieties，‘Tangshan autumn cucumber’ flavor sensory evaluation was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.50；among the European greenhouse cucumber varieties，‘Lvyuanxingfu’flavor had the best sensory evaluation，with a comprehensive score of 30.65．Five principal components were obtained by principal component analysis，covering 77.612% of the original information．The comprehensive scores of 31 cucumber varieties were obtained by establishing a comprehensive quality evaluation model F =0.315F1 + 0.265F2 + 0.163F3 + 0.145F4 + 0.112F5．The South China cucumber variety‘ Tiantianzhai’，the North China cucumber variety‘ Shuyancuiyu’，and the European greenhouse cucumber variety‘ Thumb fruit cucumber’，scored the highest among their respective ecological types，which can be used as diff erent types of fresh cucumber varieties for selection and application．The results of this study provided theoretical basis and technical support for variety selection and quality evaluation of fresh cucumber．

‘Baibeibei’is an early-maturing mini pumpkin F₁ hybrid by crossing inbred line ‘P3012’ as female parent and ‘P3072’ as male parent．The fruit development period is about 40 days，and the whole growth period is about 95 days in spring and 90 days in autumn．The plant exhibits strong growth potential，with dark green leaves and distinctive white silver spots near the leaf veins．The main vine produces an average of 5 to 6 fruits per plant．The fruit is of oblate，with average transverse diameter of 9.0 cm and longitudinal diameter of 6.4 cm．It features a medium-sized umbilicus，1.5 cm thick flesh and aver age single fruit weight of 250.0 g．The peel is white with shallow furrows．The flesh is milky yellow，powdery，glutinous and sweet taste．It is goo d quality，with the total sugar content is 7.5%，and the soluble solid content is 16.8%．It has good storage ability，and stronger resistance to downy mildew and gray mold t o the contrast ‘Jugua ’in fields．The yield is about 24 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for spring and autumn protected cultivation in most areas of China．

The overall market situation for potatoes in China in 2024 is sluggish,with the monthly wholesale average price of potatoes consistently lower than the same period in 2023.The annual price of potatoes in 2024 is in the low position of the past decade.It is expected that the potato market price will remain lower than the same period in 2024 in the early part of 2025,and the potato market price will increase year-on-year in the later part.At present,the potato industry in China still faces problems such as increasingly serious soil borne diseases,weak international competitiveness of potato starch,and urgent need to improve order fulfillment rates．It is recommended that all regions strengthen the prevention and control of soil borne diseases,support the development of potato processing industry,improve the mechanism of interest linkage between enterprises and farmers,and promote the high-quality development of China’s potato industry．

In order to develop a seedling substrate mainly composed of decomposed rice husks，based on the determination of the physicochemical properties of single substrates such as decomposed rice husks，11 kinds of seedling formulas composed of decomposed rice husks were preliminarily determined according to the substrate physicochemical property model．The fruit vegetable seedling（tomato）and leaf vegetable seedling（lettuce）were used as test materials to further screen and determine the substrate formula suitable for the growth of vegetable seedlings．The results showed that the EC value and bulk density of decomposed rice husk were suitable，but the water holding pore was small，which was not suitable as a seedling substrate material alone．The composite desirability values of 11 substrate formulations predicted by the model were（0.91-0.98），which were all within the range of suitable indicators of seedling substrate，and the relative error between the measured values of physical and chemical properties of 11 substrate formulations and the predicted values of the model was small，ranging from 3.23% to 9.63%．The decomposed rice husk after mixing could meet the growth needs of vegetable seedling stage. Among them，the mixed substrate of decomposed rice husk∶vermiculite∶perlite with（6∶2∶2）had the best growth effect on tomato and lettuce，and the strong seedling index increased by 82.76% and 21.39% compared with that of the control，respectively，and the plant grows robustly．The prediction model of physical and chemical properties of substrate was feasible for the development of substrate．

Abstract：‘Huangti No.1’is a new yellow-flesh small-fruit watermelon F₁ hybrid，which developed by crossing inbred line‘Tianyi 2054’as female parent and‘Huangti 1804’as male parent．The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor．It is of early-maturing，with total growth period of about 107 days and fruit development period of about 35 days in spring facility cultivation．The fruit shape is nearly round，with light green rind and sharp-toothed stripes．The flesh color is light yellow，tender and juicy taste，with central soluble solids content of 12.1% and edge soluble solids content of 8.5%．The single fruit weight is about 3.2 kg， and the yield is about 45 t · hm-2．It is resistance to Fusarium wilt，and moderate resistance to anthracnose．It is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang，Shanghai，Jiangsu under spring greenhouse conditions．

‘Jingyanyutian 156’is a new fruit cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘LB1817’as maternal parent and‘MSR-1’as paternal parent．The plant has strong growth vigor and belongs to gynoecious type．The fruits primarily set on the main stem．It is of early maturity．Its fruit is about 13 cm in length with short cylindrical shape，greenish-white peel，no wart and inconspicuous small black spines．Its fruit fl esh is light green，sweet and crispy with faint scent．The soluble solid content of fruit flesh is 4.2%，and VC content is 96.2 mg·kg-1．It is resistant to downy mildew，powdery mildew，and mid-resistant to cucumber mosaic virus（CMV）．It is tolerant to low temperature and weak light．The high yield in overwinter greenhouse cultivation can reach 165 t·hm-2．It is suitable to be cultivated in overwinter greenhouses and under spring protected fi elds in areas of Northern China．

In the context of building a trade power,this paper integrates multi-platform data such as the National Bureau of Statistics,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,and China Customs．Based on the current situation of import and export trade,this paper explores the main factors influencing China's international vegetable trade from the aspects of emergencies,export tariffs,green barriers and extreme weather．Policy suggestions for expanding export trade are put forward from four aspects,namely,the optimization of vegetable varieties,the construction and layout of export bases,breakthroughs and innovations in technological bottlenecks,and the overall planning of both domestic and international markets as well as two kinds of resources.

This study analyzed the current fertilization status and fertilization effects on major leafy vegetables in China based on literature. The rates of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium recommendation and the fertilization effects including the relative yield，the yield increase，the yield increase rate，the yield response，and agronomic efficiency of nutrients were discussed. The limiting factors affecting leafy vegetable yield are mainly nitrogen，followed by potassium，and then phosphorus. Recommended fertilization in leafy vegetables reduced the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer，increased the amount of potassium fertilizer，while increased the yield compared to conventional fertilization used by farmers. Therefore，suitable fertilizer recommendation method for leafy vegetables is an effective way to save fertilizer and improve efficiency.

Abstract：The watermelon industry in Laos developed by relying on Chinese production technologyand Chinese market，is a representative of agricultural cooperation between China and ASEAN under ‘theBelt and Road’ background．The climate of Laos is conducive to watermelon cultivation in early spring．Itcan better fill the supply gap of early spring watermelon in China．The total cost of watermelon production inLaos is about 18 000-39 000 yuan · hm-2 lower than those in similar climate areas in China，such as Hainan．The opening of China-Laos railway also reduces the cost of transporting watermelon in Laos，and shorten thetransportation time．At the same time，watermelon production in Laos has backward cultivation technique andthere are fewer melon industrial parks．With the influx of resources from China，including talents，superiorvarieties，good law and fund，and‘the Belt and Road’channel construction continuous to develop to the Zhongxialiao Plain area．A perfect watermelon industry chain will be established to promote the developmentof watermelon industry in Laos．

Abstract：Strawberry is a popular fruit with high economic value．Its unique fruity aroma is closelyrelated to its contained volatile organic compounds（VOCs）．Fruit aroma quality plays a vital role in evaluatingstrawberry’s edible value and commodity value．Recently，fruit aroma quality has become a research hot-spotin the field of strawberry industry．This paper reviewed the research progress made in the following aspects，including components of strawberry fruit aromatic substances；factors influencing fruit aroma（variety，fruitmaturity grade，cultivation method）；changes of aromatic substances during storage and processing；andmolecular regulation mechanism formed by the aroma of strawberry，etc.，hoping to provide references forstrawberry aroma breeding．

Abstract：In the past 10 years，planting areas and outputs of vegetable in China have increased year byyear．Consumer demand also has risen significantly．The aggregate supply and total demand are basically inbalance，and market operation is generally stable．The operation of vegetable market has 5 characteristics，including seasonal fluctuation and origin conversion，etc．In 2023，vegetable market production and sales inChina are flourishing．The market price is running at a high level．The whole year average wholesale priceall over China for 28 kinds of vegetable，key monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is thehighest during the past 10 years．Looking forward to 2024，vegetable aggregate supply and total demand arebasically balanced with a slight balance．The vegetable market is mainly confronted with 5 risk points：climatechange，planting intention，production and marketing connection，etc． It is suggested that in future，theconstruction of‘ vegetable basket’，marketing at vegetable production areas，balanced listing，monitoring andearly warning，policies support，should be further strengthened，so as to strive for realizing a stable supplyand price and high quality development of the vegetable industry．

栽培技术不够统一、生产管理水平偏低成为制约甘肃省陇南市大叶芥菜产业发展的主要因素，当地通过对大叶芥菜生产的各个技术环节进行不断优化，使大叶芥菜商品率达到95%以上，每667 m2经济效益提高25%以上。

The Chinese potato market in 2023 has 3 significant characteristics：high potato price in early stage，year-on-year price on the lower side in later stage，and annual prices at their highest in nearly 10 years，etc. It is expected that the potato market prices in 2024 will be generally lower than that in 2023. At present，there are still existed problems noteworthy in China’s potato industry，including unbalanced industrial development，urgent improvement of processing level and insufficient protection of regional public brands，etc.In order to further promote the upgrading of China’s potato industry，it is suggested that local governments of various regions to implement targeted support policies，accelerate the in-depth development of whole industrial chain，and strengthen protection of regional public brands.

In recent years，China’s tomato industry has shown rapid development，and occupies an important position in the vegetable industry． Based on the data of 2017—2023，this paper comprehensively analyzes the development status and cost benefi ts of the tomato industry． From the perspective of the current development status，China’s tomato industry has realized annualized supply and formed six major tomato planting advantageous regions． From the point of cost-benefi t，the total cost and net profi t of tomato in China showed an upward trend from 2017 to 2023，and the cost profi t margin was in a fl uctuating state． However， the rising cost pressure and the large fl uctuation of the net profi t of facility tomato constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the tomato industry． In view of the above problems，this article proposes three perspectives of quality and efficiency paths for the tomato industry from the perspective of digital wisdom empowerment，mechanism soundness，and seed industry innovation：develop wisdom production，optimize the cost structure；build a whole chain synergistic mechanism to reduce the total cost；and promote scientifi c and technological innovation in the tomato seed industry to reduce the cost of planting and production．

In order to further enhance the anti-risk ability of ginger industry and increase rural household income，on the basis of studying China’s ginger planting input-output，this paper conducted comparative analysis on diff erent scale of operation，diff erent age of farmers，and planting cost and benefi t．At the same time，the paper also analyzed the factors aff ecting the cost and income fl uctuation of ginger planting．The results showed that the ginger price fl uctuation was one of the most important factors causing the instability of income. Besides，the instability of ginger yield also had greater impact on profi ts. The scale effi ciency of ginger was not signifi cant. Labor cost rose sharply along with the increase in scale，leading to a drop in profi ts．Judging from the cost point of view，the older farmers adopted management strategy of reducing investment and mitigating risk，which had become an obstacle to the high-quality development of ginger．On account of these，the paper suggested to develop ginger featured insurance，reducing management risk of farmer household；developing futures market，stabilizing ginger price；increasing investment in research and development of small machinery for ginger；and to improve the scale effi ciency of ginger industry through service scale．

‘Longshu No.23’is a new processing type potato variety selected through sexual hybridization with‘Yan 97-8’as female parent and‘L0404-6’as male parent．It is of medium-late maturity．Its growth period is about 95 days，a large and medium-sized potato rate of about 80%．The average single potato weight is of 115.5 g，and 7.25 potatoes per plant．The plant is semi upright．Its tuber is of round，with yellow skin，light yellow fl esh，and shallow bud eyes．The dry matter content is 24.83%，and starch content is 18.36%．It can yield about 45 t·hm-2．It is suitable for planting in the northern regions of Gansu，Shaanxi，Xinjiang，Qinghai，and Ningxia．

Abstract：In order to make full use of leek resources，screen leek varieties with higher nutritionalquality，conducted nutritional quality evaluation and analysis on 10 samples of 7 different varieties of chiveseedling and 3 different varieties of yellowish leek．Thirteen nutritional quality indicators，including aminoacid，soluble starch，and mineral content，were measured．The quality of leek was comprehensivelyevaluated using methods such as significant difference analysis，correlation analysis，principal componentanalysis，cluster analysis，and fuzzy membership function analysis．The results showed that there weresignificant differences in 13 nutritional quality indicators among the 10 samples．Systematic clustering analysisdivided the 10 samples into 3 categories，with the first category is 20-CJ37-1，20-CJ36-1，20-CJ17，and20-CJ38；the second category is 21-CJ43，20-CJ37，20-CJ8，20-CJ26，20-CJ38-1；the third categoryis 20-CJ1．Principal component analysis extracted three principal components for comprehensive evaluation of leek quality，and obtained five nutritional quality evaluation indicators：total free amino acids，solublestarch，water content，soluble protein，and calorific value．The fuzzy membership function model analysisshows that the nutritional quality of 20-CJ17，20-CJ36-1，and 20-CJ26 is relatively high．

Abstract：Atrazine is a triazine herbicide，which can control annual monocotyledon and dicotyledon weeds，and also inhibit certain perennial weeds．It is one of the most important herbicides for corn production in the world．It can also be used in sorghum，sugarcane，fruit trees，etc．It is moderately persistent in the environment and can remain in the atmosphere，water，and soil environment．It is easy to cause different degrees of pesticide damage to subsequent crops such as rape，Chinese cabbage，fi eld mustard，cucumber，pepper，cowpea，and okra．At the same time，it causes harm to natural ecosystems and human health．This paper reviewed the microbial degradation of atrazine；introduced the microbial degradation techniques of herbicide atrazine from 3 aspects，including bioaugmentation，biostimulation，and immobilization；compiled and summarized the microbial groups being confi rmed in previous studies；clarifi ed the microbial degradationmechanism of atrazine from 2 aspects：degradation process and degradation genes；analyzed the factors affecting the microbial degradation of atrazine and prospected the future research direction．

Abstract：Somatic hybridization is a technique，which can induce fusion of plant protoplasts fromdifferent species，genera or even families and then obtain regenerated plants by culture in vitro．As aneffective technology，protoplast fusion can overcome the physiological barriers to hybridization in traditionalbreeding，realize the recombination of nucleoplasmic genes between different materials，and transfer excellentgenes，create and obtain new germplasm containing target characters．At the same time，it can rapidly createmale sterile materials，and greatly shorten the breeding cycle．It is an effective means of crop breakthoughbreeding，and also a powerful tool for character improvement．The paper reviewed the development history，research and application areas of this technology on vegetables；summarized emphatically the researchprogress of protoplast separation regeneration and somatic cell hybridization in vegetable crops of Cruciferae，Solanaceae，and Apiaceae；looked forward the application prospect of somatic cell hybridization technologyin vegetable crops；and discussed the problems and countermeasures in application of this technology，so as toprovide reference for the wide application of somatic cell hybridization in vegetables．

In order to analyze the production effi ciency of China’s pepper planting，the data envelopment analysis（DEA）method is employed based on survey data from the main pepper-planting provinces in 2022．The findings reveal generally low production efficiency in pepper planting across China，with significant regional diff erences．Variations are observed in optimal planting scale and production effi ciency among pepper planters and regions．Farmers in the northeastern region demonstrate the highest production effi ciency，while large-scale growers excel in the northwest．Cooperatives perform best in the Huang-Huai-Hai and centralsouthern regions，whereas leading enterprises show the highest efficiency in the eastern and southwestern regions．The research results indicate that the need to improve the production efficiency should target technological and management innovations according to regional characteristics and types of pepper planters．Additionally，providing policy support and technical training is essential to ensure optimal production effi ciency for each pepper planters．

Zhangshugang Chili has a cultivation history of over 200 years，this paper introduces the origins of‘Zhangshugang Chili’tender fruits，discusses the mechanisms that contribute to its superior taste qualities，the current status of the industry，and the challenges it encountered．To address these challenges，efforts have been directed towards cultivating new varieties of tender fruit pepper that can meet diverse market demands，along with developing techniques for high-yield cultivation of tender fruit peppers．These new varieties have been widely promoted and adopted across various regions，realizing a year-round supply of tender fruit peppers．As a result，‘Zhangshugang Chili’ has been elevated from a local brand to be nationally renowned，marking a significanttransition from a regional variety of tender pepper to a high-end brand known for its exceptional quality．

The purpose of this study was to use near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy（NIRS）to establish a near-infrared prediction model of 6 types in tomatoes and to provide the theoretical basis．377 fresh tomato samples were selected as the calibration sets and 94 were used as the validations sets．NIRS used with combination of modifi ed partial least squares（MPLS）to construct and verify the pros and cons of establishing a prediction model．The results showed that the cross-validation correlation coeffi cients（1-VR）of the tomato dry matter，total acid，soluble sugar，Vitamin C and soluble solid content were 0.979，0.851，0.828，0.832 and 0.959，all exceeding 0.80，which can be used for actual prediction．The content of lycopene prediction models 1-VR were 0.767，lower than 0.80．The correlation of the lycopene constructed models was poor，and the models need further optimization．

To investigate the effects of combined application of chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers on tomato growth and fruit quality，the tomato ‘Guanghui 101’was used as the test material，seven different fertilization treatments were set up，namely no fertilization（CK），formulated fertilization（M-1），conventional fertilization（M-2），chemical fertilizers combined with microbial agents（M-3），and M-1，M-2，M-3 reduced by 1/3 and base fertilizer combined with bio organic fertilizer（M-4、M-5、M-6）．The effects of different fertilization treatments on tomato growth，yield，and quality were studied．The results showed that the tomato plants treated with M-3 had the best growth．Compared with CK，the plant height，stem diameter，and number of internodes increased by 19.44%，13.57%，and 15.15%，respectively，and the differences were significant．The single fruit weight，average fruit set，single plant yield，plot yield，and total yield increased by 3.45%，14.66%，19.35%，18.77%，and 18.77%，respectively．Overall，the combination of microbial agents with chemical fertilizers（M-3）treatment can be considered as the optimal fertilization schemes for tomatoes，which includes the base fertilizer of 750 kg·hm-2 of potassium sulfate，stable nitrogen source mixed fertilizer，and 30 kg·hm-2 of microbial agents（Bacillus subtilis M101，Trichoderma harzianum TH7，and Purpureocillium lilacinum PL22），and top application of massive element water-soluble fertilizer（N∶P∶K = 19∶19∶19）675 kg·hm-2 ，（N∶P∶K = 15∶5∶30）225 kg·hm-2 ，and microbial agents 360 kg·hm-2．

与大葱传统栽培技术相比，编线直播技术效率高，可省去定植环节，降低人力成本，节省种子用量，平均每667m2可节省成本800元以上，大大提高了生产效益。

自2020 年鲁渝东西部农业协作工作开展以来，重庆市开州区在“寿光蔬菜”栽培模式的技术支持下，开展连栋塑料大棚螺丝椒冬茬栽培，采用“六统一分”的经营模式，降低了当地辣椒种植风险，提高了经济效益，已作为鲁渝农业协作典型案例示范推广。

通过对中牟县及周边大蒜产区的调研，总结了中牟大蒜产业目前的发展现状，包括种植面积、机械化程度、套种模式等；以及存在的问题，如品种落后、价格劣势、品牌滞后等；最后从集约化发展、标准化进程和保证蒜农利益等方面提出了相关建议，以期推动中牟县大蒜产业的高质量发展。

Abstract：‘Yongshi No.3’is a new tomato rootstock F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line‘4’as female parent and inbred line‘1’as male parent．It is infinite growth type，medium maturity．The plant has strong growth potential and developed roots．Its stem diameter is 2.3-3.3 cm，and the first inflorescence is on the 7-9th node．The fruit is oblate，and mature fruit is orange．The single fruit weight is about 60 g，and the yield is about 60 t · hm-2．The seeds are flat and short ovate，with fuzz on the surface，and the thousand seed weight is about 1.9 g．It has good grafting affinity，high survival rate and high resistance to bacterial wilt．It is suitable for southern Guangxi as tomato grafting rootstock．

Absrtact：There are many kinds of vegetable waste in China，and random discarding and unreasonable recycling not only waste resources，but also harm the ecological environment．The fertilization of vegetable waste is a harmless，ecological，efficient and scientific comprehensive utilization method to realize the ecological cycle from the soil to the soil．This paper first introduced the resource distribution and nutrient content characteristics of vegetable waste，then introduced the fertilizer technology of vegetable waste through two treatment methods of in-situ returning to the fi eld and centralized fermentation，and sorted out the relevant flora and bactericides of vegetable waste decomposition，and fi nally put forward suggestions on the fertilizer utilization of vegetable waste．

Abstract：‘Zaoyanzhoupi No.15’is a new medium maturing fresh pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossinginbred line‘WDL-23’as female parent and‘WDL-2’as male parent．The plant is about 60 cm in height，80 cm in width．Its first flower node is about 10th，planting to harvest is about 50-60 days．The fruit isfinger shaped and fruit surface is wrinkled，which is green in color．The average fruit weight is 19.0 g．Thelongitudinal diameter is 12.0 cm，and the transverse diameter is 2.8 cm．The pulp thickness is thin，and spicytaste is strong．The VC content is 1.58 g · kg-1，and capsaicin content is 1 600 mg · kg-1．It can yield about36 t · hm-2．Its resistance to CMV，TMV，Phytophthora blight and anthracnose are stronger than that of thecontrasts‘Lunanbaopi’．It is suitable for cultivation in protected areas and open fields in Shandong Province．

Developing intelligent facility vegetables is an essential choice to achieve the goals of agricultural modernization and is crucial for ensuring a stable vegetable supply. Through macro analysis of the intelligent development of facility vegetables，reviewing its current status and revealing its significance in enhancing production effi ciency，improving agricultural product quality，and ensuring market supply，it was found that，espite the prominent performance of intelligent facility vegetables in increasing yield and improving quality，challenges such as high initial investment and maintenance costs，a mismatch between technology and human resources，and issues of data security and technological uncertainty limit their widespread application. Based on these challenges，this study proposes a series of strategies including growth-oriented，transformative，defensive，and diversified approaches，encompassing measures such as lowering entry barriers，promoting technological innovation，strengthening technology and human resource development，and enhancing data security and privacy protection. These strategies aim to provide scientific guidance and practical pathways for the sustainable development of intelligent facility vegetables.

‘Yunganjiao No.7’is a new dried pepper F1 hybrid crossed with inbred line‘258-1-2-3-1X-1’as female parent and superior individual‘390-1-1’as male parent．The plant has strong growth and branching，medium maturity，and high fruit setting rate．It is about 100 days from planting to first commercial red fruit harvest．Fruit type is line，mature fruit is dark red with spicy，fragrant，fruit surface is smooth and shinning．Its fruit is 11.5 cm in length，1.1 cm in width and single dried fruit weight is 1.3 g．The capsaicin content is 0.12%，and VC content is 1 570.13 mg·kg-1．It is resistance to anthracnose．The fresh red pepper yield is 13.8-16.2 t·hm-2，and dry red pepper yield is 3.45-4.05 t·hm-2．The drying rate is about 25%．It is suitable for spring cultivation in main dried pepper producing areas such as Wenshan，Qujing，Zhaotong，and Chuxiong in Yunnan Province，as well as small fruit dried pepper type areas below the altitude of 2 200 meters．

In order to understand the nutritional quality characteristics of eggplant fruit，this study measured and analyzed the contents of fruit sugar degree，organic acid，soluble sugar，sugar-acid ratio，soluble solids，solid-acid ratio，and free amino acid in 15 eggplant DH lines of 3 types．The results showed that in terms of sugar degree and solid-acid ratio of the 3 different types eggplant ranking from high to low as follows：purple-black round eggplant with purple calyx（PREPC）＞ purple-black long eggplant with purple calyx（PLEPC）＞ purple-black long eggplant with green calyx（PLEGC）．The rank of organic acid content from high to low was PLEGC ＞ PLEPC ＞ PREPC．The contents of glucose and sucrose in PLEGC were the highest．While，fructose content in PREPC was the highest．Soluble solid content in PLEPC was the highest．The contents of aspartic acid，serine，and glycine，tasted as umami and sweet ranking from high to low were PREPC ＞ PLEPC ＞ PLEGC．The contents of asparagine and arginine，tasted as sweet-sour and bitter，ranking from high to lowe were PLEPC ＞ PLEGC ＞ PREPC．The variation degree of main nutrientand free amino acid contents in PLEPC and PLEGC was generally higher than those in PREPC．

At present，China is accelerating the construction of modern facility agriculture，carryingforward the transformation and upgrading of old vegetable facilities，and promoting the high-qualitydevelopment of facility vegetable industry．But，the current situation and existing problems of the old facilitiesare not systematically sorted out．Systematic research on how to solve these difficulties facing transformation，and countermeasures to upgrade this work are still lacking．Through investigation on major facility vegetable production areas in China，this paper summarized the current situation and existing problems of old facilities；analyzed the main constraints for promoting transformation and upgrading；and put forward counter measures，including clear key work，optimizing facility structure，improving work mechanism，and strengtheningcondition guarantee，etc．

‘Zhengfan 1733’is a new early maturity tomato F1 hybrid developed by taking‘13Y12-36- 8-12-hun-9-32-hun-hun’as female parent and‘14A4-66-18-6-53-hun-hun’as male parent．It belongs to infinite growth type，and strong plant growth potential．The commodity fruit is pink in color，and the younger one has green shoulder．The fruit is of round shape，with a fruit type index of 0.86 and high hardness．The single fruit average weight is 101 g．The soluble solid content is 7.3%，lycopene content is 239.0 mg · kg-1 ，VC content is 287.0 mg · kg-1 ，and total acid content is 0.78%．It contains I2，Mi1.2，Ve1，Ve2 homozygous resistance gene，and Ty1，Bwr12，Frl949，Mi23，Sm，Tm2 heterozygous resistance gene．It is resistant to TYLCV，TMV，CMV，leaf mold，blight，and root-knot nematode．The average production is about 72 t ·hm-2 ．It is suitable for planting in spring and autumn plastic tunnel，and overwinter greenhouses in Henan，Shandong，Hebei Province．

露地辣椒化肥农药减施增效栽培模式的核心技术包括选用高抗品种、化肥减量、有机肥替代、水肥一体化、化学农药减量、生物农药应用以及无人机飞防等，可比常规种植模式减施化肥22%，减少化学农药用量31.14%，鲜椒增产13.8%。

新型保健果蔬苹果苦瓜具有较高的药食价值，受到消费者青睐，近年来山东寿光地区发展苹果苦瓜种植，其收益远高于普通苦瓜，产品主要销往武汉、广州、哈尔滨等地的商超。

62 representative taro germplasm resources of different types preserved in National Aquatic Vegetable Germplasm Repository（Wuhan）were selected to identify and evaluate its main agricultural and qualitative traits．It showed that plant height，growth period，single cormel weight，dry matter content and starch content of taro with numerous cormels（white bud）were lower than those of taro with numerous cormels（red bud）．But leaf area，tiller number，corm weight，cormel weight，total corm and cormel weight，commodity cormel weight and cormel number of taro with numerous cormels（white bud）were higher than those of taro with numerous cormels（red bud）．Growth period was significantly positively correlated with plant height，corm weight and single cormel weight，significantly negatively correlated with tiller number significantly positively correlated with leaf area，dry matter content，starch content，significantly negatively correlated with cormel number．The correlation between any two traits of plant height，leaf area，cormel weight，total corm and cormel weight and commodity cormel weight was significantly positive．Dry matter content and starch content were significantly negatively correlated with cormel weight，total corm and cormel weight，commodity cormel weight，negatively correlated with single cormel weight．Based on the analysis results，10 excellent germplasm resources were screened，including 3 specific germplasm resources．