Abstract：In order to clarify the quality characteristics of screw pepper，the fl avor quality related indexes（types and contents of capsaicinoids，volatile compounds，etc）and some other quality indexes of smoothskinned pepper‘Sujiao No.9’（S9，as control）and 9 varieties of screw pepper fruits（green ripening stage） were determined，and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using membership function and principal component analysis（PCA）methods．The results showed that the capsaicinoids content of screw pepper varied，with the spiciness level of 7-8．A total of 222 volatile compounds were detected in 10 varieties of pepper，among which screw peppers were 28-62 more than smooth-skinned pepper（S9）and the average content was 55.19% higher．The main aroma types of screw pepper were green，floral and aldehydic，and the aroma-active compounds such as hexanal，（E）-2-Hexenal，octanal and 1-Octen-3-ol might be the key compounds to form the unique flavor of screw pepper．In addition，compared with smooth-skinned pepper S9，the fruit hardness of screw peppers were 36.44%-47.97% lower，and the vitamin C content were 17.09%-
95.47% higher．The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the fruit quality score ranking of screw pepper was higher than that of smooth-skinned pepper（S9）．Overall，screw pepper has the advantages of low hardness，high vitamin C content，rich volatile compounds and intense fl avor，and the fruit quality is better than smooth-skinned pepper．

China is the world’s largest producer of vegetables，with vegetables being the primary export category of Chinese agricultural products，accounting for 16.157% of agricultural exports in 2022．In the context of the RCEP agreement’s signing and implementation，it is highly significant to explore the status and potential of China’s vegetable trade with its partners to deepen the positive eff ects of exports and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese vegetables．The study utilizes panel data of China’s vegetable export trade to RCEP partners from 2006 to 2022，constructs a stochastic frontier gravity model and a trade inefficiency model，empirically analyzes China’s trade efficiency and its influencing factors with respect to RCEP partners，and measures the export potential of each country．The results indicate that the economic level，population size，economic disparity，vegetable yields，and trade environment of China and RCEP partners significantly impact vegetable exports．The rule of law，economic institutional environment，and infrastructure level of RCEP partners positively infl uence the effi ciency of vegetable exports．However，the level of integrity in export destinations and improvements in government effi ciency，conversely，negatively aff ect trade effi ciency．The average effi ciency of China’s vegetable exports to RCEP partners over the years is 0.667，though there are signifi cant diff erences among the countries within the RCEP partnership．China should continue to enhance the quality of its vegetable exports，expedite the implementation of the RCEP agreement，and further expand the depth and breadth of its cooperation with RCEP partners to reduce trade resistance and promote the continued growth of vegetable export volumes.

Abstract：In 2024，the general market prices of vegetables predominantly adhered to the typical pattern of annual seasonal fluctuations．Nevertheless，during the summer-autumn periods，the prices tended to operate at relatively elevated levels．Owing to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions and their sustained eff ects，it is anticipated that the upward trajectory of vegetable prices in the current winter and the forthcoming spring will be less steep compared to previous years，with a potentially longer duration of the price-increasing cycle．Taking into account the fact that the overall vegetable prices were on the higher side in 2024 and the acreage under cultivation has increased year-on-year，it is projected that the overall supply of vegetables in the spring of 2025 will be ensured．

‘Baibeibei’is an early-maturing mini pumpkin F₁ hybrid by crossing inbred line ‘P3012’ as female parent and ‘P3072’ as male parent．The fruit development period is about 40 days，and the whole growth period is about 95 days in spring and 90 days in autumn．The plant exhibits strong growth potential，with dark green leaves and distinctive white silver spots near the leaf veins．The main vine produces an average of 5 to 6 fruits per plant．The fruit is of oblate，with average transverse diameter of 9.0 cm and longitudinal diameter of 6.4 cm．It features a medium-sized umbilicus，1.5 cm thick flesh and aver age single fruit weight of 250.0 g．The peel is white with shallow furrows．The flesh is milky yellow，powdery，glutinous and sweet taste．It is goo d quality，with the total sugar content is 7.5%，and the soluble solid content is 16.8%．It has good storage ability，and stronger resistance to downy mildew and gray mold t o the contrast ‘Jugua ’in fields．The yield is about 24 t · hm^-2．It is suitable for spring and autumn protected cultivation in most areas of China．

Abstract：In order to establish a practical quality evaluation system for fresh edible cucumber，this study took 31 cucumber varieties collected from 3 ecological types as test materials，carried out fl avor sensory index evaluation，and combined with nutritional quality index，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis method．The results showed that：among the North China type cucumber varieties，the flavor sensory evaluation of‘Shuyancuiyu’was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.83；among the South China cucumber varieties，‘Tangshan autumn cucumber’ flavor sensory evaluation was the best，the comprehensive score was 30.50；among the European greenhouse cucumber varieties，‘Lvyuanxingfu’flavor had the best sensory evaluation，with a comprehensive score of 30.65．Five principal components were obtained by principal component analysis，covering 77.612% of the original information．The comprehensive scores of 31 cucumber varieties were obtained by establishing a comprehensive quality evaluation model F =0.315F1 + 0.265F2 + 0.163F3 + 0.145F4 + 0.112F5．The South China cucumber variety‘ Tiantianzhai’，the North China cucumber variety‘ Shuyancuiyu’，and the European greenhouse cucumber variety‘ Thumb fruit cucumber’，scored the highest among their respective ecological types，which can be used as diff erent types of fresh cucumber varieties for selection and application．The results of this study provided theoretical basis and technical support for variety selection and quality evaluation of fresh cucumber．

The overall market situation for potatoes in China in 2024 is sluggish,with the monthly wholesale average price of potatoes consistently lower than the same period in 2023.The annual price of potatoes in 2024 is in the low position of the past decade.It is expected that the potato market price will remain lower than the same period in 2024 in the early part of 2025,and the potato market price will increase year-on-year in the later part.At present,the potato industry in China still faces problems such as increasingly serious soil borne diseases,weak international competitiveness of potato starch,and urgent need to improve order fulfillment rates．It is recommended that all regions strengthen the prevention and control of soil borne diseases,support the development of potato processing industry,improve the mechanism of interest linkage between enterprises and farmers,and promote the high-quality development of China’s potato industry．

Abstract：‘Huangti No.1’is a new yellow-flesh small-fruit watermelon F₁ hybrid，which developed by crossing inbred line‘Tianyi 2054’as female parent and‘Huangti 1804’as male parent．The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor．It is of early-maturing，with total growth period of about 107 days and fruit development period of about 35 days in spring facility cultivation．The fruit shape is nearly round，with light green rind and sharp-toothed stripes．The flesh color is light yellow，tender and juicy taste，with central soluble solids content of 12.1% and edge soluble solids content of 8.5%．The single fruit weight is about 3.2 kg， and the yield is about 45 t · hm-2．It is resistance to Fusarium wilt，and moderate resistance to anthracnose．It is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang，Shanghai，Jiangsu under spring greenhouse conditions．

In recent years，China’s tomato industry has shown rapid development，and occupies an important position in the vegetable industry． Based on the data of 2017—2023，this paper comprehensively analyzes the development status and cost benefi ts of the tomato industry． From the perspective of the current development status，China’s tomato industry has realized annualized supply and formed six major tomato planting advantageous regions． From the point of cost-benefi t，the total cost and net profi t of tomato in China showed an upward trend from 2017 to 2023，and the cost profi t margin was in a fl uctuating state． However， the rising cost pressure and the large fl uctuation of the net profi t of facility tomato constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the tomato industry． In view of the above problems，this article proposes three perspectives of quality and efficiency paths for the tomato industry from the perspective of digital wisdom empowerment，mechanism soundness，and seed industry innovation：develop wisdom production，optimize the cost structure；build a whole chain synergistic mechanism to reduce the total cost；and promote scientifi c and technological innovation in the tomato seed industry to reduce the cost of planting and production．

In the context of building a trade power,this paper integrates multi-platform data such as the National Bureau of Statistics,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,and China Customs．Based on the current situation of import and export trade,this paper explores the main factors influencing China's international vegetable trade from the aspects of emergencies,export tariffs,green barriers and extreme weather．Policy suggestions for expanding export trade are put forward from four aspects,namely,the optimization of vegetable varieties,the construction and layout of export bases,breakthroughs and innovations in technological bottlenecks,and the overall planning of both domestic and international markets as well as two kinds of resources.

Based on the wholesale market price data of garlic in China over the past 20 years,this paper conducts a comprehensive and multi-dimensional decomposition and analysis of the garlic wholesale market price in China by using the CensusX12 seasonal adjustment model,the HP filter decomposition model,etc.,and deeply explores the characteristics and causes of abnormal fluctuations in garlic prices in China. The results show that garlic prices in China are affected by factors such as market supply and demand,extreme weather,market speculation,and information asymmetry,and abnormal fluctuations occur from time to time,presenting distinct seasonal,trend,cyclical and random characteristics. In view of this,in order to effectively stabilize the abnormal fluctuations in garlic prices and truly achieve the goal of ensuring the supply and stabilizing the price of garlic,a series of targeted and practical suggestions are put forward：give full play to the key role of government macro-control,establish a garlic industry expert group composed of industry authorities,industry associations,enterprises,and field experts,and through the establishment of production and sales monitoring systems,supply and demand conferences,information release systems,etc.,timely judge the production and sales situation of garlic,guide the operation of the garlic market,and promote the high-quality development of the garlic industry.

Abstract：Atrazine is a triazine herbicide，which can control annual monocotyledon and dicotyledon weeds，and also inhibit certain perennial weeds．It is one of the most important herbicides for corn production in the world．It can also be used in sorghum，sugarcane，fruit trees，etc．It is moderately persistent in the environment and can remain in the atmosphere，water，and soil environment．It is easy to cause different degrees of pesticide damage to subsequent crops such as rape，Chinese cabbage，fi eld mustard，cucumber，pepper，cowpea，and okra．At the same time，it causes harm to natural ecosystems and human health．This paper reviewed the microbial degradation of atrazine；introduced the microbial degradation techniques of herbicide atrazine from 3 aspects，including bioaugmentation，biostimulation，and immobilization；compiled and summarized the microbial groups being confi rmed in previous studies；clarifi ed the microbial degradationmechanism of atrazine from 2 aspects：degradation process and degradation genes；analyzed the factors affecting the microbial degradation of atrazine and prospected the future research direction．

In 2025，the vegetable market exhibited an atypical fluctuation pattern against the dual

backdrop of frequent meteorological disasters and a profound restructuring of the industrial structure．Overall，average wholesale prices remained at a relatively low level compared to the preceding three years．Intra-year fluctuations diverged from the traditional seasonal‘M-shaped’or‘W-shaped’patterns，manifesting instead as a significant deep‘U-shaped’trajectory．During the first half of the year，supported by steady expansion in the acreage under cultivation and relatively mild climatic conditions，prices adhered to seasonal decline trends and reached an annual nadir in May．In the second half，however，the successive impacts of extreme summer rainstorms and flooding，sustained high temperatures during‘dog days’，and unseasonal strong winter cold waves induced phased gaps in supply-chain connections．This led to abnormal price surges in November and December，which remained at historical highs．On the production side，facility agriculture—accelerated by policy-driven digital and intelligent transformation—has emerged as the core pillar for urban‘vegetable basket’stability，although rigid increases in labor and agricultural input costs persistently compressed profit margins．Regarding trade，China’s vegetable exports demonstrated significant resilience amid complex international economic games；despite pronounced fluctuations in specific markets due to tariff policies，the trade surplus remained robust．Looking ahead to 2026，influenced by the prolonged La Niña state and the consumption pulse driven by the Spring Festival holiday，prices are anticipated to maintain high-level volatility at the beginning of the year．

Absrtact：There are many kinds of vegetable waste in China，and random discarding and unreasonable recycling not only waste resources，but also harm the ecological environment．The fertilization of vegetable waste is a harmless，ecological，efficient and scientific comprehensive utilization method to realize the ecological cycle from the soil to the soil．This paper first introduced the resource distribution and nutrient content characteristics of vegetable waste，then introduced the fertilizer technology of vegetable waste through two treatment methods of in-situ returning to the fi eld and centralized fermentation，and sorted out the relevant flora and bactericides of vegetable waste decomposition，and fi nally put forward suggestions on the fertilizer utilization of vegetable waste．

Phytophthora blight and anthracnose are major diseases affecting pepper production,not only reducing yields but also compromising fruit quality．Seedborne pathogens are one of the primary causes of disease outbreaks during cultivation．In this study,strains SX22,SX26,and SX45 were isolated from diseased pepper fruits and plants affected by Phytophthora blight and anthracnose in hybrid seed production bases in Shanxi,Hainan,and Anhui provinces．Pathogen identification based on morphological and molecular biology analyses confirmed these strains as Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum truncatum,and Colletotrichum scovillei,respectively．Specific primers PC-F/PC-R and ITS1/CT-R were designed for P. capsici and C. truncatum,while CS-F/CS-R primers were developed for C. scovillei．A real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qPCR）detection system was established for detecting C. truncatum,C. scovillei,and P. capsici in pepper seeds．In 2023,this system was applied to 70 pepper hybrid seed samples collected from production bases in Shanxi,Hainan,and Anhui provinces．The seed infection rates for P. capsici and C. scovillei were 70.0% and 72.9%,respectively．This detection system provides critical technical support for seed quality inspection and early prevention of pepper diseases．

The purpose of this study was to use near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy（NIRS）to establish a near-infrared prediction model of 6 types in tomatoes and to provide the theoretical basis．377 fresh tomato samples were selected as the calibration sets and 94 were used as the validations sets．NIRS used with combination of modifi ed partial least squares（MPLS）to construct and verify the pros and cons of establishing a prediction model．The results showed that the cross-validation correlation coeffi cients（1-VR）of the tomato dry matter，total acid，soluble sugar，Vitamin C and soluble solid content were 0.979，0.851，0.828，0.832 and 0.959，all exceeding 0.80，which can be used for actual prediction．The content of lycopene prediction models 1-VR were 0.767，lower than 0.80．The correlation of the lycopene constructed models was poor，and the models need further optimization．

In order to analyze the production effi ciency of China’s pepper planting，the data envelopment analysis（DEA）method is employed based on survey data from the main pepper-planting provinces in 2022．The findings reveal generally low production efficiency in pepper planting across China，with significant regional diff erences．Variations are observed in optimal planting scale and production effi ciency among pepper planters and regions．Farmers in the northeastern region demonstrate the highest production effi ciency，while large-scale growers excel in the northwest．Cooperatives perform best in the Huang-Huai-Hai and centralsouthern regions，whereas leading enterprises show the highest efficiency in the eastern and southwestern regions．The research results indicate that the need to improve the production efficiency should target technological and management innovations according to regional characteristics and types of pepper planters．Additionally，providing policy support and technical training is essential to ensure optimal production effi ciency for each pepper planters．

日光温室番茄秸秆整秆原位还田是秸秆处理的新模式，可实现番茄2 年5 茬连续种植，不仅省时省力、省肥省药，而且解决了蔬菜秸秆随意丢弃、污染环境等问题。连续8年种植实践表明，日光温室土壤性状良好，番茄产量稳定，农户收益显著提高。

China is the world’s largest exporter of processed tomato products，and the western regions possesses distinct natural advantages for tomato cultivation．However，the industry has long experienced severe fluctuations and remains in a state of reactive development focused on remedying existing gaps．This paper analyzes the current challenges facing the industry in terms of varieties，cultivation practices，harvesting，product types，and exports．It further proposes targeted strategies to enhance international competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth．These include building internationally recognized brands，diversifying and refining product lines，scientifi cally guiding market demand，improving industry regulations，and establishing a robust regulatory framework．Together，these measures aim to strengthen China’s processed tomato industry and support its long-term，healthy development．

Through a comprehensive investigation of the current situation of the development of the vegetable industry in Xinjiang，this paper summarizes the general situation of vegetable production，the development of facility vegetables，the development of characteristic vegetables，the circulation of market，the level of science and technology，the situation of talents，the main body of management and quality and safety in Xinjiang. The existing problems of vegetable industry were analyzed as follows：the scale of vegetable production is low and the competitiveness is not enough；the conversion rate of vegetable processing is low and the added value of products is low；older facilities；resource factors are in short supply and the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent. In view of the above problems，the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward：to promote the development of large-scale industrial clusters and improve industrial competitiveness；focus on creating special vegetable advantage areas，the development of intensive processing of special vegetables；to develop the facility vegetable industry in southern Xinjiang and improve the level of facility intellectualization；we will give full play to our free trade area advantages and develop vegetable trade.

The Yangtze Delta region is one of the major producing areas of welsh onion in China．In order to comprehensively understand the current situation of local welsh onion production and better serve the production,education and research of welsh onion,we conducted a survey on the groups of welsh onion growers,purchasers,processors and seed dealers through on-site visits,telephone inquiries and questionnaires．The industrial distribution,planting varieties,seedling harvesting,business entities,production efficiency and existing problems of welsh onion in the Yangtze Delta region from 2018 to 2023 were investigated and analyzed．This paper summarizes the problems existing in the welsh onion industry,such as‘bottleneck’issue in seed industry,difficulty in ensuring of quality seedlings,low degree of mechanization,uneven quality of products,and the lack of production supporting facilities．In order to provide reference for the development of welsh onion industry in the Yangtze River Delta region,some countermeasures are put forward,such as domestic substitution of main varieties,specialized seedling raising,mechanized production,standardized production technology system,and promotion of planting base construction．

To investigate the relationship between flavor compounds and sensory characteristics in five tasty tomato cultivars，this study analyzed soluble sugars，organic acids，amino acids，and sensory attributes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS），human sensory evaluation，and electronic tongue （E-tongue）．Results indicated that‘Nongfu No.1’exhibited the highest total sugar and acid content．While ‘Yulinglong’achieved the highest sensory evaluation score，indicating its superior overall fl avor preference among consumers．A quadratic correlation was observed between sugar-to-acid ratio and sensory scores，with an optimal range（27.47-28.50）significantly enhancing sweet-sour balance and aftertaste．Principal component analysis of E-tongue data revealed similar taste profiles between‘Yulinglong’and‘ Nongfu No.1’，whereas‘Jiatelin’‘Gaoshanbaoshi’and‘Yuanwei No.1’clustered closely．Sensory scores showed signifi cant positive correlations with fructose，glucose，malic acid，and specifi c amino acids．Collectively，‘Yulinglong’demonstrated optimal fl avor performance and market potential．This study provides a scientific basis for tomato cultivar selection and quality improvement.

‘Longshu No.23’is a new processing type potato variety selected through sexual hybridization with‘Yan 97-8’as female parent and‘L0404-6’as male parent．It is of medium-late maturity．Its growth period is about 95 days，a large and medium-sized potato rate of about 80%．The average single potato weight is of 115.5 g，and 7.25 potatoes per plant．The plant is semi upright．Its tuber is of round，with yellow skin，light yellow fl esh，and shallow bud eyes．The dry matter content is 24.83%，and starch content is 18.36%．It can yield about 45 t·hm-2．It is suitable for planting in the northern regions of Gansu，Shaanxi，Xinjiang，Qinghai，and Ningxia．

This review introduces the research progress on virus-free systems and propagation for the strawberry plant，including the current situation and new technologies both domestically and internationally．Furthermore，a feasible new scheme for a two-step clean and propagation system，from strawberry foundation stock to commercial plant，is proposed for domestic application．The aim is to provide theoretical support and guidance for the upgrading of strawberry plant production．

Developing intelligent facility vegetables is an essential choice to achieve the goals of agricultural modernization and is crucial for ensuring a stable vegetable supply. Through macro analysis of the intelligent development of facility vegetables，reviewing its current status and revealing its significance in enhancing production effi ciency，improving agricultural product quality，and ensuring market supply，it was found that，espite the prominent performance of intelligent facility vegetables in increasing yield and improving quality，challenges such as high initial investment and maintenance costs，a mismatch between technology and human resources，and issues of data security and technological uncertainty limit their widespread application. Based on these challenges，this study proposes a series of strategies including growth-oriented，transformative，defensive，and diversified approaches，encompassing measures such as lowering entry barriers，promoting technological innovation，strengthening technology and human resource development，and enhancing data security and privacy protection. These strategies aim to provide scientific guidance and practical pathways for the sustainable development of intelligent facility vegetables.

河西地区沙漠西瓜“两免三减”轻简化栽培技术利用西瓜整枝的新模式，通过免整地、免整枝，可实现全生育期减少用水、减少用肥、减少用工，每667 m2纯收益平均为7 083.96元，综合效益明显。

Shandong is a dominant vegetable-producing province in China ．By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the operational status of vegetable market in Shandong in 2024，an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of the vegetable industry across key aspects，including production，pricing，supply，and distribution could be established ．The vegetable production in Shandong experienced continued growth in both cultivation scale and output in 2024 ．The wholesale prices of vegetables exhibited a year-on-year increase，maintaining an overall high-price trend throughout the year. Signififi cant price flfl uctuations were observed，with a downward trend in the fifi rst half of the year ．The market prices showed an upturn in July and maintained elevated until October，after which they declined，and only a moderated rise was noticed again in December ．An overall growth of the importation and exportation of vegetable trade occurred，with the optimized export categories and the continual expansion of the international markets ．It is anticipated that vegetable prices in Shandong will flfl uctuate within a moderate range，without signififi cant volatility in 2025 ．However，continuous monitoring of market dynamics and inflfl uencing factors remains important for the accurate

prediction of future price trends 

老挝西瓜生产起于1990 年代边境傣族过境零星种植，近年来发展迅速。由中国瓜商、瓜农携带中国西瓜品种和种植技术，利用老挝自然资源和劳动力资源开展露地西瓜生产，运回国内销售。由于能够填补国内冬春季淡季需求，品质优良，成本低，利润可观，西瓜迅速发展成为老挝重要的对华出口产品。

Promoting effective management of continuous cropping obstacles in facility vegetables is of great significance for the development of modern facility agriculture and the improvement of sustainable vegetable development. On the basis of studying and clarifying the main obstacles of soil in facility vegetable fields,the author proposes the ‘four precision’ governance path of ‘precise diagnosis,precise policy implementation,precise input,and precise management’ for the continuous cropping obstacles of facility vegetables,as well as the core technology model of ‘control pests,increasing bacteria,increasing carbon and controlling fertilizer’. The application effect is summarized,and policy recommendations are put forward to promote the governance of continuous cropping obstacles of facility vegetables.

This study investigated 21 horticultural traits of 117 pepper materials grown in Beijing，Pingliang，and Kekedala．Through multivariate statistical analysis，the phenotypic diversity and characteristics of pepper germplasm resources were analyzed．The coefficient of variation for the traits of the 117 pepper materials was wide，indicating rich phenotypic diversity．Correlation analysis revealed that the yield per plant in all three regions was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with single fruit weight，fruit flesh thickness，and fruit diameter．Principal component analysis（PCA）showed that the cumulative variance contribution rates of the first three principal components in Beijing and Pingliang were 79.680% and 76.410%，respectively，while the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first four principal components in Kekedala was 73.900%，collectively explaining most of the original trait data．Cluster analysis of phenotypic traits divided the 117 pepper materials into three groups．Resistance identification was conducted against pepper Phytophthora blight and Pepper mild mottle virus（PMMoV）．Three materials（‘Hybelle’，‘Lingjiao HP-267’，and‘ Tianjiao No.1’）with resistance or moderate resistance to Phytophthora blight were screened out，along with one PMMoV-resistant material（‘Furila’）．Based on the phenotypic data of the
117 pepper materials from the three regions，this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation，analyzing the phenotypic traits and diversity of different germplasms．This provides fundamental theoretical guidance for the breeding of high-quality and disease-resistant pepper materials and serves as an important reference for the rational utilization and innovation of pepper germplasm．

‘Huaxiabaiyu’is a new non-heading Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid bred by crossing selfincompatible line‘byc-H’as female parent and inbred line‘227-H’as male parent．It grows rapidly which takes 30-40 days from sowing to harvesting in summer and autumn seasons．The average plant is 35 cm in height and 28 cm in spread．Its petiole is white and thick．Its leaves are almost circular shape，with leaf surface smooth，light green，and shining bright．Its commodity is good with little cellulose．Its yield is about 27.75 t·hm-2．Its resistances to downy mildew，black rot，soft rot are better than that of the contrast‘Xialvfei’．It can tolerance to heat．It is suitable for planting in Fujian Province and similar ecological zones during summer and autumn．

Taking 37 lettuce varieties（lines）with common market types as test materials，this study screened out new and excellent lettuce germplasms by open field，single-span greenhouse and multi-span greenhouse cultivation methods，and through comprehensive identifi cation and evaluation on leaf traits，single plant weight，flavonoid content and other indicators．The results showed that 37 lettuce varieties（lines）were clustered into 5 groups．The single plant weights and fl avonoid contents of lettuce cultivated in open fi elds were generally higher．The genetic diversity of loose-leaf lettuce was rich．The germplasms among loose-leaf lettuce with better performance were‘G21K201’‘W425’and‘H20K995’．Those had better promotional value in Shanghai area．

In this paper,we reviewed the latest research results on functional gene mapping and molecular marker development of pumpkin fruit,flower,kernel,long and short vine and stress tolerance traits．On this basis,the application and development direction of functional genes and molecular markers in assisted selection breeding and germplasm resource identification and creation were prospected．It provides reference for further research on molecular biology,gene mapping and marker-assisted selection breeding of pumpkin．

In order to evaluate and analyze the nutritional quality of pepper germplasm resources,and identify the excellent germplasm. Seven fruit nutritional quality indexes including dry matter,vitamin C,capsaicinoid,capsanthin,soluble sugar,crude fiber and α-glucosidase inhibition rate were determined from 103 capsaicin germplasm resources provided by the Vegetable Department of Horticulture College of China Agricultural University．The nutritional quality of pepper germplasm resources was evaluated by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,membership function value method and systematic cluster analysis．The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 7 nutritional quality indexes was more than 20%,and the coefficient of variation of capsaicinoid content was the largest,reaching 147.53%．Through principal component analysis,three principal components were selected,and the cumulative percentage was 61.229%．Combined with the correlation among the indexes,the contents of dry matter,capsaicin and capsaicin were used as the representative indexes to evaluate the nutritional quality of capsaicin germplasm resources．The comprehensive evaluation model was used to calculate the comprehensive score of pepper germplasm resources,and 10 germplasm resources with the highest score were selected．At the same time,the average membership value of pepper germplasm resources was systematically clustered,and there were 6 pepper germplasm resources with good quality．Through cluster analysis,103 pepper germplasm resources were divided into four groups．In summary,the contents of capsaicinoid,dry matter and capsanthin can be used as representative indexes to evaluate the nutritional quality of capsicum. The pepper materials with excellent comprehensive quality include 21QS54,21QS69,21QS84 and 21QS96,which further provide a basis for the improvement of the nutritional quality of capsicum．

To address the issue of short cultivation distances in north-south ridge orientation for tomato production in solar greenhouses,which is not conducive to mechanized operations,a comparative experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse in Fangshan,Beijing．The experiment compared north-south and east-west ridge orientations for overwintering tomato cultivation,with the premise that east-west ridge orientation allows for mechanized operations．Four cultivation modes were designed：CK（north-south ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 40 cm）,T1（east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 35 cm）,T2（east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 37 cm）,and T3（east-west ridge orientation,row spacing of 40 cm,plant spacing of 40 cm）,with planting densities of 2 381,2 539,2 402,and 2 222 plants per 667 m²,respectively．The results showed that when the tomato planting density was close to 2 400 plants per 667 m²,there were no significant differences in plant height,stem diameter,single fruit weight,number of fruits per plant,yield per plant,and yield per 667 m² between the east-west ridge orientation（T2）and the north-south ridge orientation（CK）at 37,44,and 51 days after planting．Within the planting density range of 2 222 to 2 539 plants per 667 m²,there were no significant differences in single fruit weight,yield per plant,and yield per 667 m² among the east-west ridge orientation treatments（T1,T2,T3）,although there was an upward trend with increasing planting density．When the planting density in the east-west ridge orientation was 2 539 plants per 667 m²（T1）,plant height,stem diameter,maximum leaf area,and number of leaves showed a decreasing trend compared to other treatments．Therefore,the east-west ridge orientation cultivation mode can be adopted for overwintering tomato production in solar greenhouses,ensuring both yield and mechanized production．

Amorphophallus konjac，an important economic crop in Southern China，is extensively utilized across materials chemistry，food health，and biomedicine．Over the past decade，the incidence of soil-borne diseases such as soft rot and southern blight has been exacerbated due to increased cultivation periods，leading to declining quality and yield，which signifi cantly hinders the high-quality development of the A. konjac industry．Consequently，it is imperative to intensify research into the epidemiology，damage，and environmentally friendly control of these diseases．This paper comprehensively reviews the advancements in green control techniques，including healthy cultivation practices，biocontrol methods，chemical control，and breeding for disease resistance in A. konjac over the past decade．The review emphasizes the role of bio-based factors such as biocontrol microbes，their antibiotic metabolites，and plant-derived antimicrobial compounds in managing A. konjac diseases．The objective is to establish a robust foundation for the development of a secure and eff ective green control strategy against A. konjac soft rot and southern blight.

To investigate the eff ects of exogenous abscisic acid（ABA）application on tomato blossomend rot（BER），fruit yield，and quality，an experiment was conducted using the‘Hangza 603’pink tomato variety．Tomatoes were sprayed regularly with aqueous solutions of ABA at concentrations of 100，200，and 400 mg·L-1，with water as a control．The incidence of BER，stem diameter，single fruit weight，and other agronomic traits were measured．Additionally，fruit vitamin C（VC）content，soluble solids content，calcium（Ca）content and its distribution were determined．Results showed that compared with the water all ABA concentrations signifi cantly reduced BER incidence，with 200 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1 being the most effective，and no significant difference between them．All ABA treatments increased stem diameter，with no significant differences among concentrations．Treatments with 200 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1 ABA significantly increased petiole diameter，single fruit weight，and the number of healthy fruits，while 100 mg·L-1 ABA had insignifi cant eff ects on these traits．The 100 mg·L-1 ABA treatment signifi cantly increased soluble solids and VC contents，whereas the 200 mg·L-1 treatment significantly decreased both．The 400 mg·L-1 ABA treatment signifi cantly decreased soluble solids but signifi cantly increased VC content．Notably，200 mg·L-1 ABA enhanced total Ca content in fruits and leaves，with a particular increase in Ca content in leaf and fruit shoulder parts．In summary，exogenous application of 200 mg·L-1 ABA signifi cantly decreased the BER incidence，signifi cantly increased single fruit weight，the number of healthy fruits and stem diameter．Considering cost factors it was suitable for practical BER control in tomato production to control the BER．The 100 mg·L-1 ABA treatment both signifi cantly reduced BER incidence and improved tomato soluble solids and VC contents，suitable for high-quality tomato cultivation．

In order to explore the feasibility of seedling transplanting of ginger,‘Shannong No.1'ginger variety was used as the test material,and the effects of cutting size（10‒15,25‒30,35‒40 and 50‒60 g）on the growth and yield of ginger were studied under two planting modes：seedling transplanting and direct seeding．The results showed that seedling transplanting with sliced ginger significantly promoted the growth of ginger plants compared with direct seeding with sliced ginger,and the plant height,stem diameter,number of branches and fresh weight of roots,stems,leaves and rhizomes increased significantly．Under the conditions of two cultivation modes,the plant growth is positively correlated with the cutting size of ginger．When ginger is harvested,the plant height,stem diameter and branch number of 10‒15 g seed ginger are increased by 5.21%,6.67% and 53.85% respectively,and the yield per 667 m² is increased by 61.11%,while the plant height,stem diameter and branch number of 50‒60 g seed ginger are increased by 5.26%,5.11% and 44.64% respectively,and the yield per 667 m² increased by 40.69%,indicating that using smaller cutting size of ginger for seedling raising and subsequent transplanting is more conducive to increasing ginger yield.

Abstract：Pepper red pigment is currently the largest-selling pure natural edible pigment in the world．Devlopment of high pepper red pigment varieties has become urgent．In this study，through genome-wide association study（GWAS）of capsanthin content of 255 core collections of Capsicum annuum，intervals signifi cantly associated with capsanthin were found on chromosomes 1，2，3，5，6，8，9，10，11，and 12，and a total of 93 genes were identifi ed in the signifi cant association intervals．Based on functional annotation and transcriptional expression data，three candidate genes affecting capsanthin content in pepper fruits were predicted．Through BSA-seq analysis of the F2 population constructed from high-pepper red pigment material Pep-340 and low-pepper red pigment material Pep-276，the intervals associated with the pepper red pigment content of pepper were localized on chromosomes 1，3，5 and 10，in which the localized intervals on chromosomes 3 and 5 were similar to or overlapped with the significantly associated intervals in the GWAS analysis．Using InDel molecular markers in these two intervals，genetic linkage analysis was performed， and the gene regulating the red pigment content of pepper was localized on chromosome 3 at qCC3.1，with a physical location ranging from 22.8 Mb to 25.9 Mb，containing 99 genes．According to the functional annotation and transcriptome analysis，four candidate genes，Capana03g001314，Capana03g001325， Capana03g001334 and Capana03g001387，affecting pepper red pigment content in pepper fruits were predicted．The results laid the foundation for fine mapping of genes regulating the red pigment content of pepper and molecular marker-assisted selection breeding.

Inflorescence-branching structure determines the number and size of tomato fruit,which is an important component of tomato yield and a main objective in tomato breeding．To identify and clone the key regulatory genes involved in inflorescence branching,‘ST198'with complex inflorescence branching and‘ST211'with simple inflorescence branching were selected as parental lines to generate an F₂ mapping population．Five major quantitative trait locis（QTLs）regulating inflorescence branching were identified using BSA-seq．Analysis and validation of the major QTL,qIB12.2,revealed that J2 was the key gene regulating inflorescence branching．J2 was found to exhibit an epistatic effect on another major QTL,qIB12.4．What's more,qIB12.4 was finely mapped to the 446.7 kb region,and closely linked molecular markers were developed．Our findings provide insights into the genetic regulatory network underlying tomato inflorescence development and have important application value for precise molecular breeding of tomato．

Abstract：Since 2000，the global garlic industry and import-export trades have witnessed profound transformations．To comprehensively and objectively understand the current development status of the global and Chinese garlic industries as well as the general situation of their international trade，this study analyzed data on garlic harvested area，production，yield，and import-export trade in China and worldwide，based on statistics released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO），the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC），and China Customs，combined with literature reports．The results show that Asia is the most critical garlic-producing region globally in terms of both harvested area and production，with China，India，and Bangladesh ranking among the top three in the world．China has long maintained the world’s largest harvested area and production，and its yield ranks fourth globally，approximately 50% of Kuwait’s yield-the highest level in the world ．Garlic is one of the most actively traded agricultural products internationally．In 2022，the global import volume of garlic amounted to around 2.35 million tons，valued at nearly 3 billion US dollars，while the export volume reached 2.63 million tons，valued at over 2.7 billion US dollars. Indonesia is the world’s largest garlic importer，with an import volume of 566 200 tons in 2022， accounting for 24.22% of the global total，and a value of 598 million US dollars，representing 20.10% of the total import value．China is the world’s largest garlic exporter. In 2022，China’s garlic export volume reached 2 035 900 tons，accounting for 77.42% of the global total，with an export value of 1 796 million US dollars，constituting 64.79% of the global export value．Over the past decade，China’s average international market share in garlic export volume has slightly decreased to 79.46%，while its average international market share in export value has increased to 68.78%．Spain is a country where both the average international market shares in garlic export volume and value have increased by more than 2%．In 2023，Chinese mainland garlic exports reached over 140 trading partners，and Southeast Asian countries were the main destinations，while exports to developed countries remained relatively limited．Shandong，Jiangsu，and Henan are the top three provinces in China ’s garlic exports，with their cumulative export volume and value accounting for over 92%．Despite China’s indisputable dominance in garlic harvested area，production，and export trade on the global stage， several major challenges constrain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry．In response to these challenges，this paper proposes suggestions for the development of China’s garlic industry．