According to the debate about misusing hormone in cucumber production，the experiment treated cucumber with different concentration of Megestrol acetate and 5 kinds of hormones. The results showed that there were no changes found in flower and fruit under Megestrol acetate. And 2，4-D delayed the flowering and kept flower blooming. There was faster fruit growth ratio under GA（100 mg·L-1） treatment. Furthermore，corollas were not completely expanded under NAA treatment. However，there were improvement on fruit setting and fruit expansion under chlorine pyrazole urea and chlorobenzene oxygen ethanoic acid sodium. The effectiveness of suitable hormone concentration on cucumber fruit growth is in following order：chlorine pyrazole urea ＞chlorobenzene oxygen ethanoic acid sodium ＞ 2，4-D ＞ NAA ＞ GA ＞ pure water(the contrast). Among them，chlorine pyrazole urea（10 mg·L-1）dipping treatment had the best effect on cucumber fruit growth，and its hormone residue detection was in compliance with EU standard（0.01 mg·kg-1）。
Recently，Tomato spotted wilt virus（TSWV）has become a serious disease hazarding tomato production. Identification and selective breeding of disease-resistant varieties is an effective approach to control TSWV. This experiment selected tomato varieties（lines）bred by our group and introduced from other countries，through virus transmission by thrips in greenhouse，and artificial inoculation in illumination incubator for 3 consecutive years to identify the disease resistance against TSWV. The results indicated that inbred line‘ YNAU335’ was immune to TSWV，while the other varieties were all susceptible to TSWV. Furthermore，the nuclear protein gene and small RNA 3′ flank sequences of TSWV in leaves of ‘YNAU335’ were not cloned. On the contrary，these 2 sequences were cloned in other tomato leaves. The results preliminarily demonstrated that‘ YNAU335’ was resistant to TSWV，and could be used as disease resistant tomato resource in resistant breeding against TSWV .
The action mode of 42.8% fluopyram + trifloxystrobin SC and 22.5% picoxystrobin SC were tested by in vitro leaves method，and the control efficiency on tomato gray mould was assessed though field trials. The results showed that the EC50 values for protective activity of 42.8% fluopyram + trifloxystrobin SC and 22.5% picoxystrobin SC were 4.04 μg·mL-1 and 10.79 μg·mL-1，respectively. The EC50 values for treatment of these 2 new fungicides were 26.30 μg·mL-1 and 45.93 μg·mL-1，respectively. The results of field experiment indicated that the control efficiency of these 2 new fungicides on tomato gray mould applied under the recommended dosages was over 80%. Therefore，they can be used for controlling tomato gray mould.
Taking tomato variety‘ bofen’ as experimental material and ordinary film as the contrast，this paper studied the effect of diffuse light thin film on tomato growth and fruit quality. The results showed that tomato had strong growth vigor under diffuse light thin film，the content of chlorophyll was higher，the fruit setting number and average single fruit weight were increased by 12.52% and 7.71%，respectively. Its yield was also promoted by 21.19%. Besides，the fruit volume was significantly enlarged. The fruit shape index was 0.8-0.9. Further more，its fruit quality was improved. The contents of soluble solid content and VC were remarkably increased，indicating the diffuse light thin film was not only helpful for promoting tomato plant growth，but also for improving its fruit quality.
Taking 100 advanced inbred lines of Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis （Lour）Olsson〕as experimental material，this paper studied the effects of plumule- and seeding-vernalization on bolting and flowering times．The results showed that both the bolting and flowering times of plumule-vernalized material were advanced 15.0 days and 11.5 days，respectively，than that of seedling-vernalized material．Besides，only seeding-vernalization without plumule-vernalization，the inbred line of‘Chunquanda’could not promote bolting and flowering，while seeding-vernalization could make it bolting．This phenomenon might due to the different controlling molecular mechanism of these 2 vernalization modes．Chinese cabbage varieties with different winter natures had consistent changing trend of bolting and flowering under these 2 vernalization treatments，indicating that the effects of these 2 vernalization modes on different Chinese cabbage varieties had versatility and consistency．
Tuber mustard clubroot is a soil-borne disease and closely related with soil fungal community．In this study，the change regulation of soil fungal community during different occurance times of tuber mustard clubroot（pre-transplanting，premorbid after transplant，early and middle stages of disease occurance，after harvest）was sequenced by 454 high-throughout method using 18S rDNA sequence of soil fungi as target．The results showed that average of 1 056 OTUs（Operational Taxonomic Units）were obtained from one soil sample．According to taxonomy of each OTU，the dominant group was Ascomycetes，followed by Basidiomycota．The diversity indexes of Shannon and Simpson，numbers of OTU and genera in premorbid after transplanting，early and middle stages were all higher than that in pre-transplanting stage and after harvesting stage．The results indicated that the diversity of soil fungal community is higher in the period of tuber mustard clubroot development．It might be related to the vigorous production of root exudate of tuber mustard．
Synergic toxicity of mixture containing fenaminstrobin and propineb at different mass ratios（1∶1，1∶3，1∶5，1∶7，1∶9）on tomato early blight was tested by spore germination method，and field application effect of the mixed fenaminstrobin and propineb 60% WG（mass ratios 1∶9）on tomato early blight was also evaluated. The results showed that the EC50 of fenaminstrobin and propineb to Alternaria solani were 1.514 0 mg·L-1 and 11.988 8 mg·L-1，respectively. The 5 matching mass ratios（1∶1，1∶3，1∶5，1∶7，1∶9）all showed obvious synergistic effects. The results of field experiment indicated that tomato early blight could be controlled by the mixed fenaminstrobin and propineb 60% WG twice every other week during the initial stage of leaf spot occurance，and the recommended dosage was 480-960 g·hm-2.
Taking tomato‘ Jinpeng No.11’ as experimental material，this paper studied the physical and chemical properties of different ratio of coconut coir，peat，vermiculite and perlite nursery substrate，and their effects on indexes of tomato seedling growth，physiological and biochemical properties．The results showed that different matching ratio of coconut coir and vermiculite could significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of substrate．Integrating all important physiological and biochemical indexes，including plant growth vigor，G value，total fresh plant weight，chlorophyll content，soluble protein，soluble sugar and root activity，etc.，the substrate with coconut coir and vermiculite 5 V∶5 V matching ratio was the most beneficial for the growth of tomato plug seedlings .
In order to ascertain the new resource utilizating way of cassava starch waste for environmental protection，this paper studied the effect of cassava starch anaerobic fermentation liquid（ CSAFL）on pumpkin growth，yield and fruit quality，taking‘ Mibennangua’ as experimental material．The results showed that applying CSAFL could significantly promote the vegetative and reproductive growth，increase pumpkin yield and improve its fruit quality． Using CSAFL could also remarkably promote the growth of pumpkin main stem and leaves，increase leaf chlorophyll content. Besides，its fruit setting number per single plant，single fruit weight and yield were higher than that of the contrast by over 50%. Its fruit size，fruit shape index，contents of soluble solid，soluble sugar，soluble protein，starch and VC were significantly or very significantly increased than that of the contrast．Therefore，CSAFL can be used as additional fertilizer in pumpkin production，so as to realize the dual purposes of turning waste into wealth，and improving pumpkin yield and quality.
Taking 4 species of white seed pumpkin as rootstock and‘ Tianbao’ melon as scion，this study treated the root-stocks and own root melon seedlings with low temperature（15 ℃ /5 ℃，day/night，for 5 days）；counted the survival rate of grafting and tested the growth and physiological indexes related to low temperature stress. The results indicated that after low temperature stress plant height，stem diameter，shoot FW and root FW of grafting seedlings were higher than that of own root melon seedlings；and the root activity，soluble sugar content，proline（Pro） content，SOD activity，POD activity，CAT activity of grafting seedlings were also higher than that of own root melon seedlings，by different degree. While the MDA content was remarkably lower than that of own root melon seedlings. It was concluded that grafting significantly improved the chilling tolerance of melon；and low temperature stress made the growth index and physiological index related to chilling resistance of‘ Tianzhen’ grafted seedlings all better than that of the other 3 rootstocks and own root melon seedlings. Therefore，‘Tianzhen’ is suitable to be popularized and applied in low temperature production of melon.
Taking hybrid taro〔Colocasia esculenta（L.）Schoot〕seeds‘ Yangguang×Leping’ and ‘Yangguang×Xiashan’ as experimental material，this study explored the effects of disinfection method， light，temperature，sowing substrate on taro germination and growth．The results showed that washing taro seeds with anhydrous alcohol after treating them with 8% NaClO（anhydrous alcohol diluted）for 9 minutes was the best seed disinfection method．There was no significant effect on seed germination and cotyledon growth by seed or perlite disinfection，but bacteria or fungi derived at later growth stage might affect the subsequent growth of cotyledon．Light is essential for taro seed germination and the optimum temperature for seed germination is 25-30 ℃．Seed germination rates were relatively higher in moistened filter paper，sterile water，sand，perlite and MS substrate，while no seed could germinate in cultivation soil．However, seedlings grew strongly on sand and MS substrate，and grew well after being transplanted in cultivation soil．Their survival rate was high up to 95%．
‘Bianfen No.19’ is a new tomato F1 hybrid developed by crossing high hardness self-sterile inbred line‘ ks305’ as female parent and inbred line‘ ks325’ as male parent. It is of early maturity and indeterminate growth type. It has strong growth vigor. It has continuous fruiting ability. Its fruit shape is oblate with smooth surface .The matured fruit is pink in color. The average single fruit weight is about 174 g. Its fruit hardness is high. It is tolerant to storage and transportation. Its flesh has sandy taste with good quality. It is resistant to TYLCV and contains Ty1 and Ty3a resistance gene. Its field resistance to leaf mold，fusarium wilt and root nematode is stronger than that of the contrasts‘ Jinpeng No.8’ and‘ Luofan No.9’ . It can yield about 87 t·hm-2 in spring and autumn in protected field cultivation. It is suitable to be cultivated at Henan，Hebei，Shaanxi，Shandong Provinces，etc. for protected and open fields cultivation in spring and autumn.
‘Shannong No.6’ is a new watermelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line M08 as female parent and inbred line J16 as male parent. It is of medium maturity. It takes about 35 days for fruit development and the whole growth period is about 97 days. It is easy to bear fruits. Its fruit is of oval shape and the fruit shape index is about 1.48. The fruit pericarp is dark green in color and about 1.2 cm in thickness. The fruit is strong and tough，and tolerant to storage and transportation. Its flesh is red in color and very juicy with less fiber. It has excellent taste and flavor. The central sugar content is 12%，value of that is close to the edge sugar content. The single fruit weight is 8 kg. It can yield 67.5 t·hm-2. In field its resistance to Fusarium wilt is stronger than that of the contrast‘ Xinong No.8’. It is suitable to be cultivated in open fields and facilitated area of Shaanxi Province.
‘Tianjiao No.14’ is a new mid-early maturity hot pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing‘ 81’ as female parent and‘ 145’ as male parent. Its plant height is 97 cm. The plant spreading is 73 cm. The first flower sets on the 8-10th node．Its fruit is of long claw shape with wrinkle surface. Its fruit is 25.92 cm in length and 3.17 cm in diameter. The flesh thickness is 3.0 cm. The average single fruit weight is 52.05 g. It tastes medium hot. The unmatured fruit is dark green in color. Its continuous fruit setting ability is strong. It can yield over 60 t·hm-2．Its field resistance to blight，anthracnose and virus diseases is stronger than that of the contrast‘ Tianjiao No.4’. It is suitable to be cultivated in open and protected fields in Gansu Province and regions with similar climate conditions.
An early-mid maturing F1 hybrid‘ Sujiao No.19’ is developed by crossing 2 inbred lines（ ‘05X317’ and ‘ 05X319’）.The fruit is of long sheep-horn shape，20.2 cm in length，2.6 cm in width，and 0.30 cm in flesh thickness. The single fruit weight is 31.5 g. The unmatured fruit is light green in color and the matured one is red in color. It tastes slightly hot with good quality. The fresh fruit can yield about 28.5 t·hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in open fields in Jiangsu，Shaanxi，Hunan，Jiangxi，Yunnan Provinces，Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and areas with same ecological condition.
Taking high yield，good resistance to disease and high starch content as breeding targets，this study selected гибрид82 introduced from Russia as female parent and a Russian variety Журавинка as male parent；and developed‘ Kenshu No.2’ with high yield，good resistance to disease and high starch content by system selection method.‘Kenshu No.2’ is of mid-late maturity and starch processing type. Its dry matter content is 25.71%-29.51%，starch content is 19.71%- 23.51%，VC content is 49.3 mg · kg-1 and reducing sugar content is 0.07%. Its average yield is 34 338 kg·hm-2. It has high yield and high starch content. Its field resistance to late blight is stronger than that of the contrast‘ Kexin No.12’. It is highly resistant to PVX and resistant to PVY. It is suitable for planting in Heilongjiang Province.
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