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Current Issue
2012 Vol.1 Issue.18,
Published 2012-09-15
1
Analysis of General Situation，Characteristics，Existing Problems and Development Trend of Protected Horticulture in China
GUO Shi-rong，SUN Jin，SHU Sheng，LU Xiao-min，TIAN Jin，WANG Jun-wei
Protected horticulture has developed rapidly in China，due to its progressiveness and high efficiency．In 2011，the cultivation area of protected horticulture was over 4 million hm2．It has played a huge role in supplying horticultural products and helping farmers to get rich．On the basis of briefing the development of protected horticulture，this paper reviews the development characteristics of protected horticulture in China，generalizes some typical experiences gained in the development process，analyzes the existing problems and deficiencies，discusses the development trend of protected horticulture in the future，and prospects the brilliant future of protected horticulture in China.
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 1-14 [
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1484
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15
Research Process of Greenhouse Standardization in China
ZHOU Chang-ji
The total area of greenhouse in China has taken the first place in the world for many years, but there is still a bid deference between its standardization level and the world advanced level．This paper reviews the development course of greenhouse technology and standardization in China; describes the achievements and existing problems in greenhouse; and puts forward problems to be solved for greenhouse standardization．All these will be taken as reference by relevant government departments and researchers．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 15-20 [
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983
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21
Research Progress on Modern Water-saving Technology for Protected Vegetable Crops
ZHANG Zhen-xian，GAO Li-hong，REN Hua-zhong，CHEN Qing-yun，WANG Qian，SUI Xiao-lei
China is short of water resources．Every year the water consumption in agriculture occupies 65% of the country’s total water consumption．The water utilization efficiency of protected agriculture is not high．Various kinds of water-saving technology have not been widely applied．This paper summarizes the present situation of water resources in China，water consumption law of vegetable crops，modern water-saving technology，water-fertilizer coupling technology and development trend of water-saving technology，etc．So as to provide reference for water-saving protected vegetable crops．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 21-25 [
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1223
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26
Research Progress on Catch Crop Planting for Reducing Soil Function Degradation in Greenhouse Vegetable Field
TIAN Yong-qiang1，2，GAO Li-hong1*
The intensive facility agriculture is an important part in Chinese agricultural production systems．However，continues cropping and simple rotation，these 2 conventional practices are relying on limited land area with large input of chemical fertilizer and pesticide，and have caused soil degradation and brought obstacles to plant growth，resulting in a reduction of plant production．Thus，how to reduce the soil function degradation，improve soil quality and realize the sustainable development of greenhouse vegetable production becomes an issue demanded be solved．Catch crop is a biological tool to minimize soil degradation．With the continuous studies on soil nutrient cycling by catch crop，people’s understanding about catch crop mechanism and its ecological efficiency has become more and more thoroughly．The paper expounded the research progress made both in China and foreign countries about effects of catch crops on reducing soil function degradation and analyzed the feasibility of using catch crop to reduce soil function degradation in greenhouse vegetable field．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 26-35 [
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1225
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36
Research Progress on Relationship between Polyamine Metabolism and Plant Stress Resistance
SONG Yong-jun，DIAO Qian-nan，QI Hong-yan*
Polyamine is a kind of physiological active substance with regulatory effect，and widely exists in plants．Its metabolic changes are closely related to the growth and development of higher plant．In this paper the relationship between polyamine and adversity are introduced．The paper was carried out in the following 3 aspects：the polyamine metabolism in adversity stress，the effect of exogenous polyamines and their inhibitors on plant stress resistance，the application of mutant and transgene in studying the polyamine and stress resistance．Besides，this paper systematically expounded how polyamine affected other physiological activities（as osmoregulation substance，signal molecules，the regulation of ion channels）in adversity stress．Before ending，the paper prospected the future in studying．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 36-42 [
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1115
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43
Research Progress on High-temperature Stress Injury and Heat Tolerance of Cucumber
TIAN Jing1，2，GUO Shi-rong1*
High-temperature stress is an inevitable stress to protected vegetable cultivation．This paper expounded the negative effects of high-temperature stress on cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）nutrient growth，physiological and biochemical characters，reproductive growth，yield and quality．It also introduced the genetic law of cucumber heat tolerance and summarized the methods to identify cucumber heat tolerance and technical measures to improve this heat tolerance．Finally the paper prospected the research orientation for further studying cucumber heat tolerance in the future.
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 43-52 [
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910
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53
Research Progress on Photosynthesis under Salt Stress
SHU Sheng，GUO Shi-rong*，SUN Jin，YUAN Ying-hui，YUAN Ling-yun
Salt stress is one of the important factors affecting global ecological environment and a worldwide hot issue threatening agricultural production．The growth of plants is inhibited when they are subjected to salt stress．Usually this is closely related to the decrease in photosynthesis efficiency．This paper summarized the effects of salt stress on plant photosynthesis under different aspects，including stomatal conductance，photosynthetic pigment，PSⅡ photochemical reaction，photosynthetic electron transfer，chloroplast ultrastructure，thylakoid membrane protein， photosynthetic phosphorylation and CO2 securing，so as to provide a basis for enriching theory of plant photosynthesis under salt stress．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 53-61 [
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1227
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62
Construction and Application of Quality Analysis of Critical Control Point of Vegetable Production Management Systems
HUANG Dan-feng1，RONG Kai2
The informationized management of vegetable production is pushed ahead towards quality management throughout the whole process of safety control, field file management, and information tracing. The Quality Analysis of Critical Control Point（QACCP）management system software was developed on the basis of analyzing key management point for vegetable production, used the management policy of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point（HACCP）and Good Agricultural Practices（GAP）and synorized with information technology such as wireless internet，expert system and GIS．This system takes growth period as node, realizes informationized management for vegetable production, storage, transportation, and marketing. This system can also effectively improve the management level for vegetable production, thus to safequard the safe supply of vegetable production．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 62-66 [
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1108
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67
Studies on Cultivation Experiment of JPWZ-1-type Micro Plant Factory
LI Dong-xing，LI Ying-zhong，XU Ming，SHANG Shou-hai，ZHOU Zeng-chan，BU Yun-long
In order to meet the needs of family gardening and planting，a new JPWZ-1-type micro plant factory for offices and houses was developed by Beijing Kingpeng International Hi-Tech Corporation，Ltd．The micro plant factory mainly includes cultivation area，nutrition fluid circle area，electrical control part，environment control area．The paper probes into the lettuce cultivation effect through initial cultivation experiment in JPWZ-1-type micro plant factory．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 67-73 [
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896
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74
Developing an Intelligent Control System in Greenhouse Based on FPGA
LIU Ai-zhen，WANG Xiao-chan*
This article proposed a hardware/software designing method with intelligent measuring and controlling system in greenhouse based on Verilog HDL and FPGA．This system is designed by using FPGA chip EP2C8Q208C8 produced by Altera Company combining with ADC0809 module to finish the data acquisition．Meanwhile，the acquired information will be displayed on LCD．The upper computer interface will be realized by programming with VC++．The upper computer interface can not only display the real-time environment information，but also show the changing curve of the acquired data．For controlling greenhouse，we apply sectional control method，and implement wireless control by using wireless module of serial relay．Based on hardware circuit，this designing method has a high clock frequency，can response timely，and is able to complete the acquisition and display of temperature and humidity in greenhouse，and thus to controll the greenhouse．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 74-79 [
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863
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80
Research and Development of Intelligent & Accurate Spraying Equipment for Plant Protection within Facility
DONG Wei，ZHUO Jie-qiang，WANG Hui-xue，BU Yun-long，CHENG Long，LAN Li-bo
Intelligent & accurate spraying equipment for plant protection within facility takes electric way of walking，automatic targeting，low volume and electrostatic spraying practices. Through target detection system it detects the target plants needed to spray pesticides，and then directs the target to spray pesticides accurately，thus avoiding low utilization of pesticides and environment pollution caused by blind and excessive use of pesticides. This equipment is suitable for greenhouse cultivation．At the same time，it can reduce the cost of spraying pesticide and achieve ecological balance in greenhouse．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 80-84 [
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753
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85
Studies on Intelligent Drip Irrigation Control System in Greenhouse Based on Penman-Monteith Equation
HAN Li-na1，2，WANG Xiao-chan1，2*
This paper is intended to devise a set of intelligent drip irrigation control system by using Penman-Monteith equation to calculate the amount of crop irrigation．The system uses humidity and temperature sensors to collect air temperature and humidity in greenhouse，and employs Penman-Monteith equation to calculate crop evapotranspiration．And then MCU programme is used to control the drip irrigation time．The control part of the system adopts upper and lower computer．It delivers data in wireless serial communication．The experiment proves that this method is convenient, reliable and can be applied in precise irrigation in greenhouse．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 85-88 [
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89
Structure Configuration and Parameters of Solar Greenhouse in Northern Jiangsu Province
WANG Jun-wei，WANG Jian，SUN Jin，GUO Shi-rong*
The existing basic configurations and structure parameters of solar greenhouses in northern Jiangsu，including 5 dimensions, 4 ratios and 3 materials were investigated．And these greenhouses were classified according to their shapes of front roof and materials of rear wall，post of front room, and truss of front roof．The result showed that the solar greenhouse in northern Jiangsu could be divided into 3 main categories and 19 different configurations．The variation range of net span，ridge height，height and thickness of rear wall，front roof angle and rear slope angle of each configuration were 7.5-14.0 m，2.2-5.8 m，2.0-5.0 m，40-600 cm，14.0°-28.4°and 23.4°-48.0°，respectively．Most of the wall material was hollow block and rammed earth，and part of them were straw or without back wall．The materials of front roof arch were mostly galvanized steel pipe or bamboo pole，part of them were reinforced concrete and foam concrete．Except for SR-14，its heat preservation ratio is bigger than 1，that of the other solor greenhouses are less than 1．On this basis, the performances of structural safety，daylighting and heat preservation for solar greenhouses in northern Jiangsu were analyzed．Besides，2 configurations of solar greenhouses SRY-1 and SRY-2 were proposed，combining with the geographical and climatical characteristics in northern Jiangsu．They had better performances of structural safety，daylighting and heat preservation，with large indoor space and high land utilization rate，and were applied to modern agricultural zone and farmer households，respectively．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 89-98 [
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99
Effect of Composite Phase Change Thermal Storage Wall Materials on Solar Greenhouse Thermal Environment and Tomato Growth
HAN Yun-quan，CHEN Chao*，GUAN Yong，LI Zhuo，LING Hao-shu
To improve crop growing environment in solar greenhouse，our research team has developed composite phase change thermal storage wall materials，which have been applied to the north wall inner surface of the tomato-planted greenhouse．The results of comparative experiment showed that under same growing conditions，the morphological index of tomato in greenhouse that applied the composite phase change thermal storage wall materials is better than that of those grow in the common greenhouse throughout the whole growing process，and the tomato grown in the former condition is bigger than the latter，and its output is also increased dramatically．This paper quantitatively evaluated how the composite phase change thermal storage wall materials improved the thermal environment of solar greenhouse crops by focusing mainly on the following 3 aspects：the surface temperature of the north wall，the temperature of the arable layer and effective accumulated temperature．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 99-105 [
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106
Effect of Heat Preservation by Applying Multi-layer Covers in Greenhouse
WANG Ji-zhang1，ZHAO Qing-song1，LI Ping-ping1，2*
Multi-layer covers was an important method of heat preservation for greenhouse in winter．Enclosures，top double thermal screens and covers are increasingly used around greenhouses, in order to study the effects of insulation effect in winter night of multi-layer covers．The results show that the use of enclosures and top double thermal screens around the greenhouses can increase the indoor temperature by 2-5 ℃ and the use of enclosures，top double thermal screens and covers can increase the indoor temperature by 8.5 ℃ above．The increasing use of the thermal screen and enclosures around the greenhouse can not only increase the greenhouse temperature，but also reduce the marginal effect of greenhouse during winter．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 106-110 [
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111
Effect of Supplemental Lighting during Seedling Stage on Development and Physiology of Solanaceous Vegetables
ZHENG Liang1，XING Wen-xin1，DONG Hai-quan1，SONG Wei-tang1，2*
In order to clarify the influence and role of different light intensities of red LED during dark period on plant seedling growth and environmental adaptability，the experiment took 3 kinds of Solanaceous vegetables：tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.），pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）and eggplant（Solanum melongena L.）as material，adopted floating nursery plate to culture seedlings under the conditions of plant nursing workshop，and studied the effects of different light intensities of LED with 650 nm wavelength as supplemental lighting during dark period on the growth，antioxidant enzyme system and non-enzyme system of tomato，pepper and eggplant seedlings．Compared to the contrast，every treatment had improved in different degrees the biomass and healthy index of the seedlings of tomato，pepper and eggplant and at the same time，promoted the seedling activities of SOD，CAT and the contents of flavonoid, total phenols，and improved seedling adaptability to environment．Thus，it is an effective way to adjust the light environment during plant nursing period．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 111-115 [
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1332
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116
Effects of Rooting-zone Volume on Packchoi Growth in Greenhouse
SUN Lei-ling，HUANG Dan-feng*，ZHANG Kai，TANG Dong-mei
In this research，3 types of trays：128，200 and 288 apertures and 3 seeding density：1，2 and 3 grains are used to study the effects of different single plant rooting-zone volume on growth potential，photosynthetic capacity，economic output and nitrate nitrogen content of pakchoi〔Brassica campestirs ssp.?chinensis（Ｌ.）Makino var.?communis Tsen et Lee〕．The result shows that the growth differences of pakchoi seedlings under different single plant rooting-zone volume are significant．When the single plant rooting-zone volume is 13.0 mL，the per plant quality is better and the economic output is higher．At single plant rooting-zone volume 13.0 mL，we compared the differences between varieties and the result shows that there are remarkable differences between varieties，and the tested variety‘Zhonghuawang’is the best one.
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 116-121 [
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122
Dynamic Effects of Different Density on Growth of Tomato Seedling in Plant Factory
GAO Yong-lei，BI Yan-gang，GAO Li-hong，QU Mei*
The experiment was carried out with different specifications plug（72 caves，128 caves，200 caves，288 caves）to study the dynamic effects of different densities on tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）individual and group growth in plant factory．The results indicated that the tomato seedlings of different densities have normal development on the 13th day，but the individuals at plug with 200 and 288 caves were shaded heavily by each other from the beginning of the 16th day．So the plug of 200 and 288 caves are not appropriate for larger size tomato seedlings．The stem length of the seedlings which have 2 leaves is about 5.5 cm and the stem diameter is about 2 mm．It is until the 23rd day when the plug with 128 caves the seedlings are heavily shaded by each other，while the plug with 72 caves still have some spaces．The stem length of the seedlings which have 4 leaves is about 14 cm and the stem diameter is about 3.5 mm so far．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 122-127 [
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128
Simulation of Potassium Critical Content in Greenhouse Cucumber
NI Ji-heng1，FU Wei-guo1，ZHU Yong-li1，MAO Han-ping1，LUO Ke-yong2，ZHENG Hong-qian2，XU Gang3
According to the relationship between potassium uptake，distribution，radiation and temperature，a simulation model for greenhouse cucumber potassium uptake and distribution was established．Different experiment data was used to validate the model．The results showed that the coefficients of determination between predicted and measured value based on the 1∶1 line were 0.96，0.71，0.78，0.85，0.87，respectively．And the root mean squared errors between the predicted and measured value were 0.25 g per plant，0.12%，0.09%，0.04%，0.05%，respectively，for potassium uptake，root，stem，leaf and fruit potassium content．This model could provide satisfactory predictions of phosphorus uptake and root，stem，leaf and fruit potassium content of greenhouse cucumber in different seasons.
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 128-133 [
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134
Effect of Planting Years on Soil pH and Nutrient Accumulation in Greenhouse Vegetable Fields
CAO Wen-chao1，2，ZHANG Yun-long1，2，YAN Zheng-juan2，WANG Jing-guo2，LI Jun-liang1，CHEN Qing2*
Taking greenhouse vegetable fields in Shouguang region，Shandong Province as research objective，this study analyzed the soil physiochemical properties，including pH value，soil organic matter，contents of available phosphorous and potassium in greenhouse vegetable fields with different cropping years．The results showed that the pH value in different soil layers decreased with the increase of cropping years，and compared with the open wheat field，the soil pH value in greenhouse decreased by 0.05 to 0.69 units，especially in 0-20 cm soil layers，the decreasing amplitude was the largest．Along with the increase of cropping years，the pH value of under layer decreased obviously．In 20-40 cm soil layers，the pH value decreased from 8.67 to 7.99，after 10 years of greenhouse vegetable production．While the content of soil organic matter in 0-20 cm layers significantly increased with the increase of cropping years by 6.1%，46.4%，66.5% and 125.3%，respectively with 1-3，4-6，7-9 and ≥10 years of greenhouse vegetable production，compared with open wheat field．The soil Nmin content was significantly higher than that in wheat field，but the cropping years did not have much influence．The contents of available phosphorous and potassium in different soil layers obviously increased with the increase of cropping years．In 0-20 cm soil layers with 1-3，4-6，7-9 and ≥10 years of greenhouse vegetable production，the contents of available phosphorous were 8.9，14.8，18.1 and 18.3-fold higher than those in open wheat field|while the contents of available potassium were 2.8，3.2，3.5 and 3.5-fold，respectively，compared with open wheat field．The soil pH value declined with the increase of planting years，but compared with previous research results，the soil pH value appeared rising trend．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 134-141 [
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1005
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142
Mineralization Characteristics of Organic Manure Nitrogen in Protected Vegetable Fields using In-situ Micro-lysimeter
REN Shan-lu1，ZHANG Yan-cai2，ZHAI Cai-xia2，CHEN Li-li2，LI Ruo-nan2，WANG Li-ying1，2*，CHEN Qing1
Using In-situ method of micro-lysimeter the characteristics of manure N mineralization was investigated with different rate of chicken manure，straw mixed with chicken manure，compost with/without crop planting at incubation prophase．The results showed that there were obvious differences in the N mineralization amount and mineralization coefficient among different treatments．Before planting crops，the N mineralization coefficient ranged from -1.17% to 2.67%．The amount of leached N，mineralized N amount and N mineralization coefficient in high rate of chicken manure treatment was significantly higher than those in the treatments of different compost product．Crop planting significantly stimulated N mineralization．Its mineralization coefficient was 3.45% to 53.22%．The N mineralization amount increased with the increase of chicken manure amount in chicken manure treatment．The mineralized N in high rate of chicken manure treatment was significantly higher than those of chicken manure mixed with straw treatment，low rate of chicken manure treatment，and compost treatment．The coefficient of manure N mineralization in the treatment with high rate of chicken manure after planting crop was 50.55 percentage point higher．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 142-148 [
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149
Effects of Microbe Bacterial Manures on Growth，Development, Yield and Quality of Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse
ZHAO Zhen，YANG Yan-jie，LIN Duo，LI Su-mei，CHEN Ning*
Using‘Luhuanggua No.?3’as experiment material，we studied the effects of different bacterial manures on the growth，yield and quality of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）in solar greenhouse．The results showed that contrast to the check，all treatments could improve the growth of cucumber，especially the T6 treatment had the most notable effect．The plant height，number of leaves，and leaf area of cucumber are all higher than that of the other treatment．After T6 treatment，the contents of protein，soluble sugar and VC in cucumber fruit have increased by 19.44%，126.50% and 138.85%，respectively．T5 treatment has the secondary effect．The contents of soluble sugar and VC in cucumber fruit have increased by 124.79% and 103.24%，respectively．The nitrate contents of T2，T3，T4 treatment have decreased 66.67%，68.33% and 66.67%，respectively．In the meantime，application of microbe bacterial manure has increased the yield of cucumber，especially T5 and T6．The comprehensive results indicate that T6 was the best treatment for cucumber production with high yield and superior quality in solar greenhouse，followed by T5．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 149-153 [
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154
Studies on Media Made of Caragana and Mushroom Residue Composts to Improve Cucumber Seedling Cultivation
YUAN Shuo1，TIAN Yong-qiang1，2，QU Mei，CHEN Qiao1，WANG Yi-ran，YAO Kai-qian1，GAO Li-hong1*
Taking‘Zhongnong No.?26’cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）as experiment material, and tranditional peat and vermiculite media as contrast，this experiment studies the effects of different mixture ratios of caragana and mushroom residue（CMR）on media physicochemical properties and cucumber seedling quality．The results showed that rational mixture ratio can meet the requirement of seedling culture in physical and chemical properties|and make the quality of cucumber seedling better than that of the traditional peat substrates．The media B2（caragana and mushroom residue ratio is 3 V∶2 V，alternative 60% peat）and D4（caragana and mushroom residue ratio is 1 V∶4 V，alternative 20% peat) can significantly improve cucumber seedling quality．Therefore，media B2 could be widely used for cucumber seedling cultivation in the area where peat is insufficient．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 154-159 [
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160
Effects of Iso-osmotic Ca and NaCl Stress on Chloroplast Ultra- structure and Photosynthesis in Cucumber leaves
TONG Hui，ZHANG Zhen-xing，LI Bin，WANG Jun-wei，GUO Shi-rong*
Taking nutrient solution as culture method，and salt sensitive cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）cultivar‘Jinchun No.?2’as material，this experiment studies the effects of iso-osmotic Ca and NaCl stress on cucumber seedlings’chloroplast ultra-structure，chlorophyll content，photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters．The results indicated that the chlorophyll content was decreased by both salt stress，and the decreasing degree of NaCl stress was bigger than that of Ca stress．The ultra-structural analysis showed that under Ca stress，most of the chloroplasts were out of the cell wall and the numbers of grana thylakoid were decreased|whereas under NaCl stress the structure of chloroplast displayed deformation，and the grana lamellae became inflation，the hungry particles increased significantly．The net photosynthesis rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），PSⅡ photochemical quantum yield（Fv/Fm），PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency（ΦPSⅡ）and photochemical quenching（qP）were all decreased by salt stress．However，the decreasing degree of Ca stress was less than that of NaCl stress．Intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci）was decreased by Ca stress，while was increased by NaCl stress．Thus，we concluded that the stomatal limitation was a dominate factor causing Pn decrease under Ca stress and non-stomatal factor was a dominate factor causing Pn reduction under NaCl stress．
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 160-165 [
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166
Adjusting and Controlling Effect of Calcium on Resistance to Tomato Gray Mold and Defensive Enzymes Activity Induced by Methyl Jasmonate
YU Chao-ge1，2，LI Tian-lai1*，ZHANG Kang-kang1，LIU Zhi-heng 2，LI Lin-lin1，ZHOU Di3
Taking tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）variety‘L402’seedling as material, we investigated the effect and physiological mechanism of calcium to methyl jasmonate（MeJA）inducing tomato resistance to gray mold after treated the tomato leaves with MeJA，Ca2+ or inhibitor of Ca2+．The results showed that：（1）Resistance to tomato gray mold was improved significantly after the plant treated with MeJA．Induced resistance was farther enhanced by Ca2+ but restrained badly by chelator as EGTA or the plasmalemma Ca2+ channel blocker as LaCl3．（2）Activities of PAL，PPO and POD also rose after the plant treated with MeJA．The response was generally promoted by exterior Ca2+ and suppressed by the inhibitor of Ca2+ such as EGTA and LaCl3．（3）However，activities of CAT and SOD induced by MeJA were not regulated by Ca2+ or inhibitor of Ca2+．Consequently，modulating of calcium on the induced resistance to tomato gray mold by MeJA may have relations with activities of defensive enzymes such as PAL，PPO and POD in tomato leaves.
2012 Vol. 1 (18): 166-170 [
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1101
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