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Current Issue
2011 Vol.1 Issue.12,
Published 2011-06-15
1
Application of Marker-free Transgenic Technology in Vegetable Crops
WANG Ye，GU Xing-fang
The selectable marker genes such as antibiotic and herbicide resistant were used to select the transgenic plants in most plant genetic transformation．But these resistant marker genes could cause potential hazards in human health and ecological environment security．There are 2 methods available to get marker-free transgenic plant now．One is using the safe marker，the other is removing the resistant marker gene after selection．This paper expounds the recent research progress about the on-using safe marker gene and technique of eliminating resistant marker gene and their application in vegetable crops．It also briefly analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these 2 methods and prospects their future development．
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 1-9 [
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Antibiotics in Livestock Wastes and Its Enrichment in Vegetable Crops
WANG Hong，JIANG Wei-jie*，YU Hong-jun，YANG Xue-yong
Organic fertilizer is one of the most important fertilizer sources and plays an important role in sustainable agriculture production．However，recently a large number of antibiotics used in stockbreeding has led excessive residue in livestock wastes．So the antibiotics were accumulated in the circle of feed-manure-soil and came into the food chain through plants absorption．Therefore they became a potential factor threatening human health．The contents of antibiotics may become important index of ‘green barrier’and one of the factors limiting the export of vegetable and other agriculture products produced in China．This paper expounds the major antibiotics in the livestock wastes and their degradation pattens and periods．It also expatiates the effects of antibiotics on plant growth and development，and the enrichment of antibiotics in vegetable crops．In addition，the paper further discusses about the research orientation in the future.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 10-15 [
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16
Brief Introduction of Vegetable Crops Praecitrullus fistulosus（Stocks）Pangalo and Discussion on Its Taxonomic Classification
WANG Ji-ming1，MA Shuang-wu1，XIE Han-zhong1，SHANG Jian-li1，CHENG Shan-han2
Praecitrullus fistulosus（Stocks）Pangalo is annual cucurbitaceae plant and it is probably originated from north-western India．It is cultivated as a vegetable crop in India，Pakistan，Afghanistan，and East Africa，etc．It has not been cultivated and extended in China．The taxonomic classification of Praecitrullus fistulosus（Stocks）Pangalo is unclear for a long time，though its gross morphological features are seemly similar to watermelon．It has the same chromosome numbers（2n＝24）as Cucumis melon．Many years’research results showed that Praecitrullus fistulosus（Stocks）Pangalo did not belong to Citrullus ssp．or Cucumis ssp．The latest research results showed that Praecitrullus fistulosus（Stocks）Pangalo had closer relationship with Benincasa hispida and it may belong to Benincasa ssp．With many years analysis and botany observation on Praecitrullus fistulosus（Stocks）Pangalo，we suggest that it be classified with Benincasa ssp．
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 16-19 [
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20
Research Progress on Exserted-stigma Male Sterile Germplasm in Tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）
ZHANG Shao-li，SHAO Jing-cheng*，HU Zhi-feng
Exserted-stigma male sterile line in tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill．）is positional sterility．The paper expounds studies on temperature sensitivity，the research on physiology and biochemistry，the genetic characteristics，molecular mechanism．And the research directions in the future are put forward.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 20-24 [
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25
Difference of SUTI Gene Expression in Tomato under Different Cultural Measure by Quantitative RT-PCR（qRT-PCR）Reactions
XIE Xiao-yu1,2，YIN Yong-gen2，N. Fukuda2
To study the differential expression of sucrose transporter（SUT1）gene under different cultural method in tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.），the experiment was performed by quantitative real time PCR（qRT-PCR）reactions．The result show that the relative expression level of SUT1 gene in leaves and stalk was higher than in fruit．The relative expression level of SUT1 gene in leaves，stalk and fruit under EC 1.8 was higher than under EC 3.0．When under bigger culture density，it was higher than under lower culture density．It was higher without clipping than with 1/3 clipping and 1/2 clipping．Influence of variety on SUT1 relative expression level was very complex．That of‘Laibangsuo’in leaves was higher than‘Lirong’，while it was contrary to the former in stalks and fruits．This indicated that‘Laibangsuo’was more favorable for sugar transportation and accumulation in fruit than‘Lirong’．There was positive correlation between expression level of SUT1 gene in leaves and yield of single tomato plant．
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 25-31 [
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32
Effect of Aqueous Root Extracts of Different Allelopathic Wheat on Protective Enzymes and Osmotic Adjustments of Cucumber Seedlings
YANG Ping，WU Feng-zhi*
The paper studies the effects of aqueous extracts of different allelopathic wheat roots on the protective enzymes and osmotic adjustments of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）seedlings，aiming at clarifying how the aqueous extracts of different allelopathic wheat roots to affect the physiological and biochemical mechanism of cucumber growth and development．Results showed that extracts of stimulative wheat root could increase the activities of SOD，POD，CAT，AsA-POD and the contents of Pro and soluble protein of the cucumber leaves in different periods，which means extracts of stimulative wheat root could increase the resistance of cucumber．The suppressive wheat root extracts could decrease the activities of SOD，AsA-POD and the contents of Pro and soluble protein of cucumber leaves in different periods after treatment．The activities of POD and CAT were increased at 18 days after treatment.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 32-36 [
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37
Effect of Reproducing Compound Substrate for Cucumber Seedling by Mushroom Residue and Garden Waste Compost
IAN Suo-xia1，CHEN Qing1，GONG Jian-ying1，LI Guo-xue1，JIA Xiao-hong2，LI Yan-ming1*
The spent mushroom compost（MC）and the garden wastes compost（YC）were evaluated as components of substrates in partial substitution of peat for seedlings production．Compost-based substrates，containing different percentage of these 2 composts，were analyzed to find their physicochemical parameter and effect on the growth of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee，so as to screen out an optimal formula．Then its effects on cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）seedling quality were investigated comparing with the control（a commercial substrates）．The results showed that the substrate’s composition of MC∶YC∶peat∶vermiculite=3 V∶4 V∶7 V∶6 V was the optimal formula．The percentage of the MC and YC in compost-based substrates should not exceed 40 %，due to the high EC value．The plant height，stem diameter，dry matter accumulation and seedling index and other indicators of cucumber seedling cultivated on this formula substrate were significantly excelled that of the control treatment.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 37-41 [
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42
Correlative Analysis between Several Chemical Substances and Chinese Chives Cultivar Resistance to Bradysia odoriphage Yang et Zhang
PAN Min1，YANG Jian-ping2，CAO An-tang1
Twenty Chinese chives cultivars that showed different resistance to Bradysia odoriphage were selected to study the correlations between the pest resistance（based on 3 pest resistant index: pest density，percentage of infected plants and leaf suffering index）and the content of several physiological chemical substances，including coarse-fiber，naphtha，soluble sugar，soluble protein，pigment，chlorophl-a and dissociative amino acids．The results showed that the contents of naphths，soluble sugar and dissociative amino acids in the resistant cultivars appeared with lower content than those of the infective ones．But the contents of coarse-fiber，soluble protein，pigment and chlorophl-a in the resistant cultivars showed higher values than the infective ones．The results of correlative analysis showed that the contents of naphtha，soluble protein and dissociative amino acids displayed distinct correlations with the level of pest resistance．And the results of regression analysis also revealed that the content of naphtha might be the most important factor for the pest resistance．
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 42-45 [
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46
Screening of Cucumber Genotypes with Low-nitrogen Tolerance and Its Genetic Analysis
YU Ming-lei，QIN Zhi-wei*，XU Jing-jing，ZHOU Xiu-yan
14 cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）genotypes were screened for this study．The coefficient analysis and path analysis were carried out between the low-nitrogen tolerance index and all interrelated indexes．It was found that the chlorophyl b content was the ideal index for screening low-nitrogen tolerance in cucumber genotypes，and that D0328 and D0422 had the highest and lowest content of chlorophyl b，respectively．Then D0422×D0328 were chosen to make the joint segregation analysis of 6 generations，which ranged from P1 to F2．The results showed that low-nitrogen tolerance of cucumber was a kind of quantitative trait；and it matched the AD model while the additive effect played the main role．Both the broad heritability and narrow heritability were high，so the inheritance of cucumber low-nitrogen tolerance trait was hardly impacted by environmental factors.
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2011 Vol. 1 (12): 46-51 [
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52
Effect of MCPA-Na Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Zizania caduciflora（Turcz.）Hand．-Mazz.
HUANG Kai-feng1，2，FANG Yan3，JIANG Jie-zeng1*
The Changes of physiological and biochemical indexes in leaves and roots of Zizania caduciflora（Turcz.）Hand．-Mazz．were studied every 5 days on single-harvested cultivar‘Jiangshujiao’and double-harvested cultivar‘Fenghongzao’，which were treated with different concentration of MCPA-Na．The effect of MCPA-Na on physiological characteristics of Zizania caduciflora（Turcz.）Hand．-Mazz．as discussed．The results indicated that the root activity and chlorophyll content of the 2 varieties were increased when treated with low concentration of MCPA-Na．While they were decreased when increasing the concentration of MCPA-Na．However，the membrane permeability，MDA and praline contents，POD and PPO activities of Zizania caduciflora（Turcz.）Hand．-Mazz．were increased when increasing MCPA-Na concentration．Injury of MCPA-Na stress to the 2 Zizania caduciflora（Turcz.）Hand．-Mazz．varieties were increased along with the increasing of treating times．There were differences between cultivars.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 52-55 [
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56
Effect of Paclobutrazol and Chlormequat on Dormancy-break of Yam Bulbils
LONG Wen-hong1，XIAO Guan-li2，WANG Qiong3，SHA Ben-cai2，GUO Hua-chun3*
In order to study the effect of paclobutrazol（PP333）and chlormequat（CCC）on dormancy-break of yam（Dioscorea batatas Decne.）bulbils，yam bulbils were treated with different concentrations （0.1 mg?L-1，1 mg?L-1，10 mg?L-1，100 mg?L-1 and 1 000 mg?L-1）of PP333 and CCC solutions when bulbils were just harvested，stored for 60 days and for 90 days，respectively．Two treatments were used in this study．The first one was that bulbils were cultured in PP333 and CCC solutions until germinating．The second one was that bulbils were soaked in solutions for 24 hours and cultured in sand．The results showed that PP333 solutions （0.1-1 000 mg?L-1）could not break the dormancy of new bulbils．41.3 %-61.8 % bulbils which had been stored for 60 days germinated after being cultured in 0.1-100 mg?L-1 PP333 solution for 30 days，while 92.5 % and 97.5 % bulbils germinated when they were cultured for 45 days in 1 mg?L-1and 10 mg?L-1 PP333 solution，respectively．Those germination percentages were all significantly higher than the control．The germination percentages of bulbils soaked in 10 mg?L-1 and 100 mg?L-1 PP333 solution for 24 hours then cultured in sand after being stored for 60 days were significantly higher than the control．The bulbils which were soaked in 0.1-1 000 mg?L-1 CCC solution for 24 hours and cultured in sand failed to germinate．While the bulbils which were cultured in 0.1 mg?L-1 CCC solution after being stored for 90 days could germinate，and the germinate percentage（60.0 %）was significantly higher than the control．All these results indicated that the dormancy of bulbils been stored for 60 days could be broken by aquiculture in 1-10 mg?L-1 PP333 solutions，and PP333 was more effective than CCC．
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 56-59 [
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60
Effects of Gradually Decreasing Temperature Stress on Chilling Tolerance and Protective Enzyme Activity in Cucumber Seedling
YU Xi-hong1，ZHENG Shan-shan1，JIANG Xin-mei1*，YU Guang-jian1*，SUN Cai-hong1，LI Dan2
The effects of gradually decreasing temperature stress（decreasing temperature by 1 ℃ per hour）on the cold damage index and enzyme activity protection in cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.）seedlings were studied with‘Jinyou No.1’as experiment material．The result showed that the cold damage degree of cucumber seedlings was reduced by gradually decreasing temperature stress，compared with directly decreasing temperature stress and the cold damage degree index was remarkably decreased．The protective enzymes SOD，POD, and CAT activity in cucumber seedlings were significantly boosted, then descend along with low temperature stress．
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 60-61 [
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65
Studies on Relation between Phenol Content，Activities of PPO and POD，and Browning of Different Artichok Cultivars
GONG Hui-ling，LI Shan-jia，LI Zhi-zhong
The phenol content and activities of polyphenol oxidase（PPO）and peroxidease（POD），and browning degree in 5 artichok（Helianthus tuberosus L.）cultivars were tested．The result indicated that phenol content，activities of PPO and POD，and browning degree existed significant variation among the 5 artichok cultivars，and indexes of the 3 northern cultivars were higher than that of the 2 southern cultivars. The correlation analysis showed that the relation between PPO and browning degree is positively significant among the 4 cultivars，all of which had tumour of irregular shape．The correlation coefficient r=0.982. The result of browning principal component analysis showed that phenol content，activities of PPO and POD were 3 variables jointly affecting artichok browning.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 65-69 [
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70
Studies on Pollination Biology and Hybridization of Brasenia schreberi
LI Shuang-mei，KE Wei-dong*，YE Yuan-ying，HUANG Lai-chun
Structure of flower，flowering phenology，floral dynamic，stigma receptivity，pollen vitality，pollen germination rate，breeding system，pollination and hybridization of Brasenia schreberi were studied．The result showed that the population florescence could last about 30 days，from early May to early June．A single flower could bloom for 2 days with segregation between stamen and pistil both in time and space．There was no apomixes．Stigma receptivity appeared on the first day of blossom．The rate of seed to carpel through artificial pollination was 27.8 % which was higher than through natural pollination （20.9 %）．Pollen vitality kept 4-5 days after blossom．The average P/O was 14 947，belonging to obligate xenogamy.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 70-74 [
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75
Inducing Effects of BTH on Resistance to Major Leaf Diseases at Different Melon Growing Periods
HE Bao-lin1，KANG En-xiang1，2*，NAI Xiao-ying2，LIU Xiao-wei1，CHEN Nian-lai2
This test took disease-resistant melon（Cucumis melon L.）cultivar —‘Yindi’and susceptible variety —‘Kalakesai’as material，and studied the inducing effects of BTH on resistance to downy mildew，white powder，anthrax at three stages of melon plants treated with BTH. The results showed that after treating the melon at periods of vine extend，early florescence，young fruit with BTH，the‘Yindi’and‘Kalakesai’infected plant rate and disease index reduced conspicuously，compared with the contrast. But there were differences in disease preventative effects between all treatments. The preventative effect on disease-resistant cultivar —‘Yindi’was better than that of susceptible variety—‘Kalakesai’，and it reduced with the elongation of the disease spelled and the severity of the disease extended.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 75-79 [
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Spraying Acidic Electrolyzed Water to Improve Preventing and Controlling Effect on Potato Late Blight
ZHENG Xu1，2，AONO Keisi2，IWAMA Kazuoto2，DENG Ying-yi3，TANG Xiu-hua1，CHEN Ming-cai4，WEI Min-zheng1，QIN Wei-zhi1，XIONG Jun1
On purpose of comparing the effect of preventing and controlling potato late blight（Phytophthora infestans）by spraying acidic electrolyzed water（AEW）in the field，different types of water（AEW and tap water with removing chloride ions）were used in this study．The results showed：when the pesticide concentration was equal to 1/3 of the normal consumption，the disease index of potato late blight in the treatment with AEW as solvent is significantly lower than that in the treatment with removed chloride ions of tap water as solvent；comparing with the treatments of tap water with removing chloride ions，AEW could significantly reduce the disease index of potato late blight when AEW or tap water with removing chloride ions was sprayed once 7 days without pesticide.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 80-84 [
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Effect of Different Dazomet Doses on Controlling Ralstonia solanacearum of Gingers
YANG Gui-fen1，HUANG Gui-zhen1，WEI Dong-mei2，QIN Cheng-hui1，YANG Ri1
In order to explore the lower and effective doses of Dazomet for controlling ginger Ralstonia solanacearum，the different doses test was carried out．The result showed that the most appropriate dose of Dazomet （98 % granular）was 0.225 t?hm-2 for disinfecting soil．It could reduce pollution with low cost，and increase the ramets per ginger cluster．The controlling effect on ginger Ralstonia solanacearum could reach 98 %．Besides，the yield was significantly increased．
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 85-87 [
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Effect of Compound Substrate Ratio Produced by Residue of Agaricus bisporus on Pepper Growth and Yield
YU Qing-wen，WANG Zhi-wei*，WANG Xiao-wei
This experiment used‘Longjiao No.3’as testing material，cultivated it in greenhouse for the long season，and took soil cultivation as the CK．This paper studied the effects of 4 kinds compound substrates ratio of mushroom residue on pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）growth，yield and quality in greenhouse．The results showed that pepper grew stronger with higher yield and better quality with the substrate ratio of 15 mushroom residue，6 sheep manure，8 slag and 6 fine sand．
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2011 Vol. 1 (12): 88-90 [
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A New Red Cabbage F1 Hybrid —‘Zigan No.3’
DING Yun-hua，KANG Jun-gen，JIAN Yuan-cai*
‘Zigan No.3’is a new red cabbage F1 hybrid developed by crossing a CMS line（CMSZ95-7）with an inbred line（Z97-18）. It is a middle-late maturity variety，taking about 90 days from transplanting to harvest. The head is dark-red，with short core inside. The head is 16.4 cm in height，14.8 cm in diameter. The central core is 6.1 cm in height. Its single head weight is 1.5 – 2.0 kg. It can yield about 66 t?hm-2．It has good quality，and is suitable to be cultivated in all parts of China in autumn and spring.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 91-93 [
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A New Cucumber F1 Hybrid —‘Shengqiu No.1’
ZHANG Zuo-biao，XU Chun-mei，LIU Jing-lan*
Shengqiu No.1’ is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing 2 inbred line T1-3 and L25-7．The plant has strong growth vigor．The fruits grow both in main and branch vines．The fruit is about 18 cm in length with light green skin and few white spines．The fruit is straight with sweet and crispy pulp．It is highly resistant to Fusarium wilt，resistant to downy mildew，powdery mildew，anthrax mildew．Its average yield is 30 t?hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in open field in summer and autumn.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 94-96 [
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A New Processing Dried Pepper F1 Hybrid—‘Xinjiao No.17’
SONG Wen-sheng1，XU Ming-zhen2，ZHU Bo-liang2，HOU Yu-jie2，WANG Jun-wei1，GUO Qing-yong1
‘Xinjiao No.17’is a early matured pepper F1 hybrid bred from 5051-1 as female parent and WV-6-1 as male parent．It takes about 105 days from field planting to maturity．The plant is short and the first flower sets on the 10-12 th node，and its fruits set and mature evenly. The long-conical dark green fruits are 13-15 cm in length and 2.5-3.0 cm in diameter．The weight per dried fruit is 3-5 g，while on each plant there could set 30-40 fruits，so the average yield is 6.3 t?hm-2．However，the high yield can reach 9 t?hm-2. This variety is easy to be dehydrated，and suitable for direct sowing in open fields．It has been extended to Xinjiang，Inner Mogolian，Jilin with total area over 1 333 hm2．
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 97-99 [
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A New Eggplant F1 Hybrid—‘Hanongzaqie No.1’
LI Ye，FAN Shao-zhu，XIE LI-bo，YAO Jian-gang，LI Jing-fu*
‘Hanongzaqie No.1’is a new processing eggplant F1 hybrid，develop by crossing T142 as female parent with T72 as male parent．This variety is of early maturity．The plant has strong growth vigor．The plant has green leaves and purple stem．Its fruits are long with 25-28 cm in length and 4.5-5.0 cm in diameter．Its peel is shiny black with green calyx and good luster．The fruit pulp is delicate white．Each single plant can grow 10 -12 fruits．The single fruit weight is 130 -140 g．It takes about 110 –115 days for the plant to bear fruits．It is high resistant to Verticillium wilt and tolerant to weak light and storage and transportation．The average yield is over 75 t?hm-2．It is suitable to be planted in all long purple eggplant production areas.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 100-102 [
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A New Onion F1 Hybrid for Dehydration —‘Baifeng’
ZENG Ai-song1，YAN Ji-yong1*，YUN Jong-Soo2，SONG Li-xiao1，GAO Bing1
Dehydrated onion‘Baifeng’is a new F1 hybrid developed by crossing male sterile line with a male parent．Both the female parent（also called male sterile line 70A ）and its maintainer line 70B originated from a Netherland variety W11．The male parent came from the inbred line 99-3-9-16B，which is the self-pollinated progeny of American variety W01．‘Baifeng’has middle maturity．The period from sowing to bulb harvesting is about 250 days．Its plant height is 65-70 cm，with 8-9 functional leaves．It has round white bulb with 7.5-8.5 cm transverse diameter and 6.5-8.5 cm vertical diameter．The average weight of single bulb is 230-250 g．The white consolidated interior smells mild with sweet pungency．It has higher dry matter and VC contents．Its yield is about 75 t?hm-2．It is resistant to purple stain，downy mildew and grey mould similarly to‘Nube’and‘Baiyan’．It is suitable for cultivation in open fields in most part of China with middle and long sunlight.
2011 Vol. 1 (12): 103-105 [
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