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Current Issue
2022 Vol.1 Issue.7,
Published 2022-07-01
1
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2022 Vol. 1 (7): 1-7 [
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2022 Vol. 1 (7): 8-12 [
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2022 Vol. 1 (7): 13-22 [
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23
Research Progress on Tomato Fruits Flavor Substance Composition and Its Influencing Factors
CHENG Guoting，LOU Qianqi，LI Xianfang，SUN Huiru，XU Chengnan，LI Shuang，ZHAO Jirong，QIAO Hongxi，WANG Yanfeng，LIANG Yan
Hot!
Flavor quality improvement has become one of the hot spots in tomato research．The sourness and hardness of modern tomato varieties were higher，and their sweetness and aromas were insufficient．Thus they could hardly satisfy the consumers’demand for high-quality tomato．This paper reviewed the taste，aroma substance composition of tomato fuits，contents change，flavor characteristics，contribution degree to flavor，and factors affecting flavor compounds accumulation in tomato fruits，so as to provide references for studying on enhancement of tomato flavor quality and breeding delicious tomato varieties．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 23-33 [
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34
Amino Acid Characteristics in Different Organs of Soilless Cultured Water Dropwort and Analysis for Its Potential in Resource Utilization
LIU Jixiang，DU Fengfeng，SUN Linhe，WANG Wei，ZHAO Huijun，YAO Dongrui，CHANG Yajun
Taking water dropwort variety‘Jinling No.1’as test material and adopting eutrophic water cultivation pattern，this experiment measured the amino acid（AA）components and contents in different organs of water dropwort by tandem mass spectrometry hyphenated to liquid chromatography separation systems（HPLC-MS/MS）；and evaluated the nutritional value and flavor characteristics．The results showed that 22 hydrolyzed amino acid（HAA）and 23 free amino acid（FAA）were detected in water dropwort，including 8 essential amino acid（EAA），9 medicinal amino acid（MAA）．The order of total HAA contents in different organs from high to low was：leaf（19.29 mg · g
-1
）＞ root（5.79 mg · g
-1
）＞ stem（4.06 mg · g
-1
）．The order of total FAAs content was：stem（1.99 mg · g
-1
） ＞ root（1.48 mg · g
-1
） ＞ leaf（0.85 mg · g
-1
）．The ratios（M/T）of medicinal amino acids（MAAs）to total amino acids（TAAs）in root，stem and leaf were as high as 65.18%，72.75% and 61.86%，respectively．Nutritional evaluation showed that the order of score of ratio coefficient of essential amino acid（SRCAA）value of EAAs in each water dropwort organ from high to low was：leaf（62.94）＞ root（59.78）＞ stem（56.59）．And the flavor evaluation showed that the fresh AAs were the main flavor AAs in water dropwort，and the ratio of fresh，sweet AAs to bitter AAs in stem was as high as 4.30，much higher than that in root and leaf．The ratio of content and taste threshold（RCT）of aspartic acid and glutamic acid in leaf was 2.232 90 and 4.356 06，respectively，making leaf blades mainly umami．In summary，water dropwort has rich kinds of amino acid．THAA contents in leaf was the highest，and amino acid nutrition value was also the highest．The flavor of stem and leaf was better．Meanwhile，there were rich medicinal amino acid contents in water dropwort root，stem and leaf，indicating its great potential in developing functional drugs and health care products．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 34-44 [
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166
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45
Applying Sucrose Promotes Cucumber Lateral Branch Outgrowth
ZHANG Zeqin，ZHOU Zhaoyang，ZHANG Xiaolan
Hot!
Shoot branching is one of the major agronomic characters，regulated by many factors．Saccharide plays important function in development of plant lateral branches as a signal substance．But its function in cucumber lateral branch development was rarely reported．Taking cucumber line‘461’as material，this experiment conducted spraying treatment by sucrose solution of different concentrations to promote the lateral branch elongation．Of all concentrations，40 mmol · L
-1
sucrose solution had the most obvious promotion effect．Through transcriptome sequencing RNA-seq，all together 568 gene differential expressions were detected after sucrose treatment．GO analysis discovered differentially expressed genes were mainly gathering during the biological process，including biological rhythm，signal transduction，and transcription factor activity，etc.．The result of real-time PCR showed that
BRC1
gene related to the lateral branch outgrowth was down-regulated．Above results indicated that sucrose regulated the length of cucumber lateral branch by regulating expression of some genes related to lateral branch development．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 45-51 [
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52
Cryopreservation of Chinese Cabbage（
Brassica rapa
）Microspore and Its Embryoid Induction
TAN Shuxin，ZHANG Shujiang，ZHANG Shifan，ZHANG Hui，LI Guoliang，LIU Xitong，LIU Yujia，SUN Rifei，LI Fei
With continuous optimization of isolated microspore culture technology of Chinese cabbage（
Brassica rapa
），large number DH lines were obtained and widely applied in the fields of breeding and studying Chinese cabbage by inducing microspore embryoid．But，the donor plant of microspore，affected by growing season and growth period，could not continuously obtain microspores for a long period of time．This has become one of the important issues hindering the smooth advance of cell engineering research related to Chinese cabbage．This experiment studied cryopreservation and resuscitation of microspore for 10 Chinese cabbage materials by ultra-low temperature technology．The results showed that taking improved B5 liquid medium as cryoprotectant，the microspore viability of Chinese cabbage was significantly higher than the microspore of Chinese cabbage treated by traditional cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide．The viability of microspores could still retain above 85% after being preserved in -80 ℃ refrigerator and -196 ℃ liquid nitrogen for 180 days．And there was no significant difference between these 2 temperature treatments．In practical application，-80 ℃ refrigerator could replace the traditional -196 ℃ liquid nitrogen in freezing microspores．The optimum resuscitation condition for Chinese cabbage microspores retained in 0.5 mL frozen pipe was constant temperature water bath at 37 ℃ for 40 s．The average viability of resuscitated microspores could reach 87.9% after freezing in -80 ℃ refrigerator for 90 days．After resuscitated freezing storage for 30，60，90 days，induction of Chinese cabbage microspores easy for germ extraction obtained embryoid and regenerated plant．After 180 days of cryopreservation and recovery，Chinese cabbage microspores could still keep the embryogenesis ability under the induction of high temperature treatment，showing expand volume．And the microspores with embryogenic ability could conduct cell division．This experiment carried out studies on cryopreservation of Chinese cabbage microspore for the first time in China；and had established cryopreservation and reviving system for Chinese cabbage microspore．This experiment provided technical support for long time preservation of test samples in studies related to Chinese cabbage microspore culture and cell engineering；and also references for studying long-term cryopreservation of Brassica microspore．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 52-61 [
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62
Phenotypic Identification and Physiological Analysis of Pepper Semi-dwarf Mutant‘
E483
’
XIAO Jialin，LI Liyuan，HUANG Hurong，LIU Zhoubin，OU Lijun，SUO Huan，ZOU Xuexiao，ZHOU Shudong，YANG Bozhi
In order to explore new pepper semi-dwarf germplasm that could be applied to production，pepper inbred line ‘6421’ and its EMS induced semi-dwarf mutant ‘
E483
’ were used as test materials；conducted analysis on phenotype，biomass，photosynthetic characteristics，physiological indexes and inheritance of mutant；and confirmed its semi-dwarf mutation characteristics．The results showed that the internode distance in plant of mutant ‘
E483
’ was shortened，and plant heights in each development period were about half of ‘6421’．The leaves became smaller，and leaf area was extremely significantly lower than‘6421’．The leaves were dark green in color．Flowers became smaller．The lengths of petal，anther，stigma and silk were all extremely significantly inferior to‘ 6421’．The fruits became shorten and widen．The single fresh fruit weight and single plant fruit setting number were extremely significantly lower than‘ 6421’．The root length became shorter，and root depth，width，expansion area were all extremely significantly below‘6421’．The root vigor extremely significantly exceeded‘ 6421’．The fresh and dry seedling weights were all extremely significantly lower than ‘6421’．Fresh weight root-shoot ratio was significantly lower than‘6421’．The contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids，and photosynthetic parameters Pn，Gs，Ci and Tr in leaves were extremely significantly higher than‘ 6421’．The MDA content was extremely significantly lower than‘ 6421’．The contents of soluble sugar and proline were significantly or extremely significantly higher than‘6421’．The activities of SOD，POD，CAT，GR，and SA value were extremely significantly higher than‘6421’．The results of genetic analysis showed that semi-dwarf mutant character was recessive monogenic inheritance．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 62-68 [
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69
Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic Characters for 195 Accessions of Garlic Germplasm Resources in Southern China Region
HE Qiaoyun，ZHOU Zhiman，ZENG Zheng，YUAN Xiaoge，ZHOU Jianjun，WANG Yanzhou，LIU Touming
In order to screen out garlic resources suitable to be grown and planted in southern China region and with good appearance and high yield，this experiment took 195 accessions of garlic germplasm resources at home and abroad as material；investigated systematically the phenotypes of 11 agronomic quantitative traits in Changsha，Hunan；and carried out genetic diversity analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis and clustering analysis．Results indicated that these 195 accessions of garlic germplasm resources showed abundant genetic diversity in southern China region．The coefficient of variation ranged from 15.94% to 45.87%，of which the single bulb weight had the largest variation in garlic resources．The correlation analysis showed that these 11 quantitative traits were almost extremely significantly or significantly correlated with each other．Among them，plant height，leaf length，leaf numbers of single plant，overground pseudostem high and overground pseudostem diameter were all significantly correlated with bulb traits．In principal component analysis，the cumulative contribution rate of the first 2 factors had reached 65.96%．The including element information quantity could basically reflect the major information of all 11 quantitative traits．Clustering analysis revealed that 195 accessions of garlic germplasm resources could be divided into 4 groups．The traits of group I and group IV were all relatively excellent．And 13 accessions of good quality resources were screened out to be suitable for growing in southern China region．They had provided references for identification，evaluation of garlic germplasm resources；and selection，breeding of high-quality new varieties．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 69-77 [
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78
A
Phallus
Fungi Isolation & Identification and Analysis of Volatile Components
YI Xueqian，XU Ning，WANG Xiaoyan，HUANG Xiaohui，LIU Zhuxiang
This paper conducted identification on wild microfungi collected from west part of Hunan by tranditional morphological taxonom and molecular systematics methods；analyzed the volatile components of fungus fruiting body pilelus by SPME-GC-MS technology．Results showed that this wild microfungi fungi was identified as
Phallus dongsun
belonging to a newly identified species．The fruiting body was white in color and of spherical shape．The teleblem（volva）was yellowish in color and of bud shape．The pileus was also yellowish in color and of bell shape with brown-black spore liquid, sticky and special smell．The spore size was （1.80-2.31 μm）×（3.70-4.58 μm）．Spore was of rod shape，and colorless．72 volatile components were identified from pileus of
Phallus dongsun
．The main components were anisole，phthalyl alcohol，phenethyl alcohol，para-dimethyl ether，of which the relative content of anisole was the highest（35.513%）．There were 23 kinds of aroma component，accounting for 72.805% of the total composition．Those with higher contents were anisole，phenethyl alcohol，para-dimethyl ether，phenylacetaldehyde and n-amyl alcohol．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 78-84 [
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Screening of Melon Col d Resistant Rootstocks and Evaluation on Cold Tolerance of Grafted Seedlings
ZHANG Qian，NIE Lanchun，ZHAO Wensheng，FANG Siyu，ZHAO Jiateng，GUO Kedong
This experiment took 17 rootstocks of melon type and 4 rootstocks of pumpkin type commonly used in production as test material；and carried out evaluation on morphology cold resistance in seed germination stage and seedling stage．‘Boyang 61’ was used as scion and grafted with pumpkin type rootstocks‘Yinguang’and‘Zhuangshi’and melon type rootstocks‘Hongfu No.5’and‘Cuiyu’screened out with different cold resistance．Then the effects of low temperature stress on growth of grafted seedlings with different rootstocks were studied．The results indicated that‘Yinguang’，‘Jianjiang’and‘Tianxiang No.1’showed stronger cold resistance in seed germination stage，‘Yinguang’，‘Hongfu No.5’showed stronger cold tolerance than the other materials at seedling stage．Grafting combinations：‘Yinguang/Boyang 61’and‘Hongfu No.5/Boyang 61’showed stronger cold tolerance．While，grafting combination‘Yinguang/Boyang 61’had the best cold resistance．Therefore，‘Yinguang’could be used as a pumpkin type rootstock for high yielding melon in low temperature season for facility cultivation．‘Hongfu No.5’could be applied as a melon type rootstock in facility cultivation for high quality product during low temperature season．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 85-91 [
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Risk Evaluation of Pesticide Residues in Leeks in Shanxi Province Based on Food Safety Index and Hazard Risk Coefficient Method
MA Xinyao，LIU Jiao，LI Wei，WANG Jing，ZHU Jiusheng
In order to evaluate the pesticide residue status in leek from Shanxi Province，and dietary intake risk for residents，this study carried out accurate quantification on 13 kinds of pesticide residue in 121 leek samples collected from 6 different leek main producing areas by using GC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS technology．And then，risk assessment was conducted on pesticide residue detected in the samples by index of food safety（IFS） method and hazard risk coefficient method．Results showed that the pesticide detection rate of leek samples was 97.5%，and pesticide residue excess rate was 32.2%，among which procymidone was the main pesticide causing excessive pesticide residue in leeks．Besides，3 pesticides prohibited in using for vegetables，namely：phorate，chlorpyrifos and carbofuran were detected．The detection rate of pesticide multi-residue was 57.0%．Besides，there were differences in kinds and quantities of pesticide residue in leeks，sampling times，planting regions and cultivation patterns．Results of IFS method assessment indicated that the
IFS
value of 12 kinds detected pesticides were all less than 1，meaning their dietary intake risk was acceptable．While，results of hazard risk coefficient method evaluation indicated that procymidone，phorate，chlopyrifos，carbofuran，pendimethalin，cyhalothrin were 6 high risk pesticides．In short，the quality safety risk of leek produced in Shanxi is within an acceptable range．But use of high risk pesticide is still existing．Work of supervising on leek quality and safety is needed to be further strengthened．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 92-97 [
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A New Pepper F
1
Hybrid for Facility Cultivation —‘Shouyanyangjiao 653’
ZHANG Hanming，YANG Xiaowei，WANG Chunhai，WANG Xue，WEI Meitian，CHENG Lin，CHENG Fei，ZHANG Junhong
‘Shouyanyangjiao 653’is a new pepper F1 hybrid of sheep horn shaped developed by crossing inbred line‘CSVHPM1765003’as female parent and inbred line‘CSVHPF1607002’as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor．Its fruit is of long sheep horn shape．The ripe fruit is green in color，and old ripe fruit is red in color．The single fruit weight is about 120 g．Its VC content is 1 480 mg · kg
-1
，capsaicin content is 0.033%．The fruit is straight，28-30 cm in length，and 4-5 cm in width．Its peel is smooth with good glossiness．It is highly resistant to TMV，CMV and phytophthora blight．Its successive fruit setting ability is strong．It can yield about 180 t · hm
-2
．It is suitable for planting in early spring and autumn-winter season in Shandong，Hebei regions．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 98-100 [
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101
A New Pepper F
1
Hybrid —‘Qianjiao No.13’
ZHANG Li，LI Zhengli，YANG Shengjun
‘Qianjiao No.13’is a new pepper F1 hybrid of early maturity developed by crossing inbred line‘AX2009-2’as female parent and inbred line‘AXFB-1’as male parent．The plant is about 55 cm in height，and about 67 cm in width．The plant is of semi-erect type．The average single plant fruit setting number is 52．Its fruit is of linear shape，about 25 cm in length，about 1.5 cm in diameter，and about 0.18 cm in flesh thickness．The average single fruit weight is 11.3 g．Commercial fruit is dark green in color．In fields，its resistance to virus disease and anthracnose is stronger than that of the contrast‘Lafeng No.3’．The VC content is 525.3 mg · kg
-1
and capsaicin content is 0.023 1%．It can yield about 28.5 t · hm
-2
fresh pepper．This variety is suitable for planting in spring at Guizhou region．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 101-103 [
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121
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104
A New Ginger Variety —‘Xiaolinhuangjiang No.1’
MA Houjun，XU Jianrong，JIA Fenhua，YE Zihong，WANG Zhong，HUANG Xizhi，YU Juhua，ZHANG Yafen，LIN Shuijuan
‘Xiaolinhuangjiang No.1’is a new ginger variety obtained through systematic selection and breeding from‘Xiaolinhongzhuajiang’，a Xiaohuangjiang characteristics variety with Linping，Zhejiang Province．The plant has strong growth vigor．It is about 90 cm in height．Its branching ability is stronger．There are 10-15 branches per single plant．The ginger is thick and of lumpy shape．It is about 28 cm in length，and about 15 cm in width．There are many ginger balls closely arranged in each plant．Its peel and pulp are yellow in color．The flesh is tender，with fragrance smell and spicy taste．The content of gingerol is 16.45 g ·kg
-1
，essential oil is 0.70%，and crude fiber is 1.2%．It takes about 209 days from sowing to harvesting．The single plant rhizome weight is about 1.2 kg．It can yield about 33 t · hm
-2
．This variety is highly resistant to ginger blast，and moderate resistant to ginger white star disease．It is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang region．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 104-107 [
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107
A New Yam Variety —‘Zishiyao No.9’
LIU Yenan，LIN Feirong，HE Xianbiao，HUANG Lifei，LIU Weiming
‘Zishiyao No.9’is a new purple yam variety bred through systematic selection and breeding from a traditional Taizhou City purple yam variety‘Zishiyao’．It is of mid-late maturity．Its growing period is about 180 days．The plant has medium growth vigor．It has 3-6 branches．The single plant rhizome number is 1-2 without bulbils．The rhizome is of cylindrical shape with few fibrous roots．They are about 30 cm in length，about 10 cm in diameter，and about 1.2 kg in weight．Its peel is brown in color，pulp is purple in color，and flesh is rather powdered and little glutinous．Its dry matter content is 269.0 g · kg-1，starch content is 202.0 g ·kg
-1
，soluble sugar content is 18.0 g · kg
-1
．In fields，its resistance to anthracnose is stronger than that of the contrast‘Zishiyao’．Generally it can yield 22.50-26.25 t · hm
-2
，and the highest yield can reach 30 t · hm
-2
．It is suitable to be planted in Taizhou region，Zhejiang Province．
2022 Vol. 1 (7): 107-109 [
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2022 Vol. 1 (7): 110-113 [
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2022 Vol. 1 (7): 114-116 [
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162
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117
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2022 Vol. 1 (7): 117-120 [
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121
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2022 Vol. 1 (7): 121-124 [
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125
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2022 Vol. 1 (7): 125-127 [
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2022 Vol. 1 (7): 128-130 [
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