The full-length cDNA sequence of ribulose-1，5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit
（BcrbcS）gene was cloned from the leaves of pakchoi cultivar‘Suzhouqing’with resistance to downy mildew by
RACE technique．This paper analyzed the expression pattern of this gene under different tissues by qRT-PCR and
also prokaryotic expression characteristics of this gene by SDS-PAGE technology．Results of sequence analysis
showed that the full-length cDNA of BcrbcS gene was 733 bp，among which the length of open reading frame
was 543 bp．The total encodings were 181 amino acids．The molecular mass was 20.3×10³ Da，and theoretical
isoelectric point was 8.23．The phylogenetic analysis of amino acid homology showed that the pakchoi BcrbcS gene
had similar evolutionary relationship with the other plants in the same family．Results of quantitative real-time
analysis showed that the expression of BcrbcS gene was the strongest in pakchoi leaves．The expression of BcrbcS
gene in pakchoi peaked at 24 hours after infection with SA and NaCl．Prokaryotic expression vector was induced by
IPTG to express a fusion protein with a molecular weight of about 20×10³ Da．

Taking dry seeds of bitter gourd inbred line‘ Jiangmendading’ as materials，setting up
combinations of treatments with different EMS concentrations（ 0，0.3%，0.6%，0.9%，1.2% and 1.5%） and
different mutagenesis times（2，4，6 hours），this study determined the suitable conditions for EMS mutagenesis of
bitter gourd seed through statistical data of seed germination vigor and rate and observation on M₀ plant phenotypes．
Results showed that EMS concentration，mutagenesis time and their interaction had significant impact on
germination vigor and rate of bitter gourd seed．According to the principles of semi-lethal condition，8 hours of
soaking with water followed by 2 hours with 1.5% or 1.2% EMS treatment were the suitable conditions for EMS
mutagenesis of bitter gourd seed．Field planting and phenotype observation of 129 M₀ plants after 2 hours with
1.2% or 1.5% EMS treatment revealed that the mutation frequency of bitter gourd plant phenotypes were 5.12% and
7.85%，respectively，and the phenotypic variations often occurred in leaf and fruit，indicating that the selected
conditions were suitable for studying EMS mutagenesis of bitter gourd seed．These results have laid a foundation for
further using EMS mutagenesis technology to construct mutant library and create new bitter gourd materials．

Clubroot disease，caused by Plasmodinophora brassicae， is a destructive disease for cruciferous
vegetables．Recently，this disease occurred in China by large areas．It is of important significance for cruciferous
vegetables production to clarify the infection ways and controlling methods of clubroot disease．In this study，
the seedling substrates were artificially inoculated with clubroot pathogen．The results showed that the substrate
carrying clubroot pathogen could lead to the occurrence of clubroot disease．And the more pathogen population in
substrate，the more serious was clubroot disease．Moreover，in the presence of 3×10³ dormant spores per mL in
the substrate，the control efficiency of 7 kinds substrate with disinfectants against Chinese cabbage and cauliflower
clubroot pathogens were determined．The results also indicated that 50% fluridamine suspension and 10%
cyperazole suspension had the best control effect on clubroot diseases．The control effect could reach 100.00%．
These 2 chemical agents were safe for Chinese cabbage and cauliflower seedlings and could be used as substrate
disinfectants to control clubroot disease．

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCV）is an etiology of Tomato yellow leaf curl disease
（TYLCD），which will cause serious damages to tomato production．It is of important significance to exploit rapid
and accurate detection method for controlling this disease．According to DNA-A gene sequence of TYLCV，this
study designed special RPA primers and established a method named TYLCV-RPA，and analyzed the specificity
and sensitivity of this method．The results indicated that TYLCV-RPA method could amplify specific band of 343
bp from sample tomatoes with positive TYLCV．The reaction condition was 37 ℃ for 40 min．This method needed
short time period for amplification with low requirement for equipment．It had no cross reaction with the other
viruses and had good specificity．Its sensitivity was 10 times of the PCR method．It is suitable for rapid detection
of TYLCV．

Low temperature stress is a major obstacle to potato growth and development especially during
the early stage in winter fallowing fields in southern China．Taking potato variety‘Jinxiang’as test material，
this paper studied the effects of spraying Na₂SeO₃ with different selenium concentrations（1，3，5 mg·L^-1） and
different times（1，2，3）on cold resistance of potato seedlings respectively．The results showed that exogenous
spraying of 1，3，5 mg·L^-1 selenium solution could increase the chlorophyll contents of potato leaves，reduce
the relative conductivity，contents of MDA and hydrogen peroxide of leaves under low temperature stress．The
effect of spraying 3 mg·L^-1 was the best．The chlorophyll content of seedlings by spraying 3 mg·L^-1 selenium
solution for 1-3 times was higher than that of without selenium spraying under low temperature stress，and the
contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were all decreased．The effect of spraying twice was the best．
To sum up，the suitable selenium concentration（3 mg·L^-1）and spraying times（twice） can reduce the damage
caused by low temperature stress to certain extent，thus having improved the cold resistance of potato seedlings．

Taking corn stalk as auxiliary material and glucose as starter，this paper sets 4 treatments，
including V₀（vegetable waste+corn stalk），V₁（V₀+microbial agent），V₂（V₀+microbial agent+starter），V₃
（V₀+starter）．The initial C/N and moisture content were set as 25 and about 60%，respectively．The effects
of starter and microbial agent on vegetable waste compost were studied by measuring the temperature，moisture
content，C/N，pH value，electrical conductivity（EC）and germination index（GI），etc. indexes．The results
showed that the treatments of adding starter and microbial agent at the same time was better than that of the other
treatments in heating rate，maximum temperature，high temperature days，decrease in moisture content，
decrease of C/N and increase of germination indexes．V2 could also shorten the composting period and improve the
quality of compost products．The overall composting effect is V₂ ＞ V₁ ＞ V₃ ＞ V₀．

Taking‘Kexin No.1’as experimental material，this paper studyied the effects of adding different
biochar quantities（10，20，40 t·hm^-2）on diversity of potato root rhizosphere soil and yield of potato by ITS
high-throughput sequencing technology．The results showed that all biochar treatments reduced the soil fungal
diversity，and the fungal abundance of T3 treatment（ 20 t·hm^-2） was the lowest．The potato rhizosphere soil
fungi mainly included 5 phyla，25 classes，62 orders，120 families，201 genera and 345 species．The dominant
fungi community at the phylum classification level was Ascomycota．Its relative abundance was 86.86%-95.86%．
Adding biochar treatment could increase the abundance of Ascomycota and reduce abundance of Basidiomycete
and Zygomycota．At the level of family taxonomy，adding biochar treatments could increase the abundance
of Sordariaceae Incertae sedis 23，Microascaceae，Chaetomiaceae，Nectriaceae and reduce the abundance
of Ascomycota，Sordariomycetes，Sordariales Incertae sedis．The potato yield，tuber number per plant and
commercial potato rate were significantly increased by adding biochar treatments．Among them T3 had significant
effect．By comprehensive analysis on yield index and fungi diversity，T3 treatment was most conducive to increase
potato yield and improve soil fertility．

This paper studied the effect of raw garlic extract on controlling Phytophthora capsici and pepper
Phytophthora blight by determining indoor toxicity and field efficacy．Results showed that raw garlic extracted from
different parts had good inhibitory effect on P. capsici．The higher concentration was，the stronger inhibition was．
The inhibitory effect of crud extracts from garlic bulb on the growth of P. capsici could reach 100.00% under 150.0
mg·mL^-1 concentration．As incubation time went on，the inhibition effect decreased gradually．The results of
pot experiment indicated that different concentration of all part of garlic extracts had certain control effect on P.
capsici．When the concentration of garlic extract from bulb reached 150 mg·mL^-1，and the controlling effect
could reach 59.38%．Results of GC-MS determination showed that there were 20，19 and 23 kinds of volatile
components in garlic root，stem and leaf，and bulb，mainly organic sulfur，accounting for over 90% of the
total volatile substance．But，there were distinct differences between composition and content．When pure
methylpropyl disulfide，diallyl sulfide，diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide were added into the medium，the
growth of P. capsici was significantly inhibited．The best inhibition rate was 60.55% with 100 mg·L^-1 of diallyl
trithioether．Rotation and companion planting pepper with garlic could effectively control pepper Phytophthora
blight and the controlling effects were 59.81% and 62.09%，respectively．All these results indicated that garlic
volatile substance had a good application prospect in controlling P. capsici．

In order to screen and obtain good bio-control bacterial strain，this study isolated and screened
cultivable bacteria from the top paddy soil by means of dilution method and inhibition test in plate. An effective
antagonistic bacteria named LRS-1 was isolated from 167 cultivable bacteria strains. It was identified as
Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria. The strain owned as much as 68% inhibition rate against Phytophthora capsici
in door and 63.4% controlling effect on Phytophthora blight of pepper in greenhouse. The result of Real-time
PCR test indicated that this strain had remarkable inhibitory effect on Phytophthora pathogen population in
rhizosphere.

‘Jiza 17’ is a new cucumber F1 hybrid of southern China type，developed by crossing inbred lines
‘H7704’ as female parent and‘ 01104-1-2-0-0’ as male parent．The plant has strong growth vigor．Its fruits
are setting mainly on main vine．It has high yield．The fruits are of rodlike shape，and 18-19 cm in length．The
single fruit weight is 170-200 g．The fruit peel is green white in color．The fruit has superior commodity．Average
yield is about 91.5 t·hm^-2．In fields its resistances to cucumber downy mildew，Fusarium wilt and Phytophthora
blight are stronger than that of the contrast‘ Jiza No.8’．It is suitable for cultivation in open fields of Jilin Province．

‘Kaishuai’ is a new antiviral squash F₁ hybrid developed by crossing inbred lines‘ 06013-2’ as
female parent and‘ H0513-6’ as male parent．It is of early maturing．It has strong growth vigor．Its stem is thick
and strong．The first female flower sets on the 7th node．It has dense melon yards and strong fruit setting ability．
The plant grows fast and has high fruit bearing rate．The commercial fruit is of cylindrical shape，with shining
emerald green peel．The fruit is straight and about 23 cm in length．The single fruit weight is about 300 g．The
plant is tolerant to high temperature．It is not easy to get premature senescence in late growth stage．It is moderate
resistant to CMV．It can generally yield about 75 t·hm^-2．It is suitable for protected and open fields cultivation in
spring and autumn in north and south of China．

‘Yanfeng No.1’is a new precocious and disease-resistant hot pepper F₁ hybrid developed by
crossing inbred lines‘ HY31’ as female parent and‘ 9912-3’ as male parent．It is of early maturity．Its plant is
about 50 cm in height，and 55 cm in width．The initial flower sets on the 10th node．Each plant can bear 38-40
fruits．Its fruit is of linear shape，20 cm in length，1.8 cm in width，and 0.23 cm in flesh thickness．The single
fruit weight is about 21 g．The inmature fruit is light green in color and matured one is bright red in color．Its fruit
tastes spicy and has good quality．It can yield about 30 t·hm^-2．Its resistances to virus disease，anthracnose and
Phytophthora blight are stronger than that of the contrast‘ Fengla No.3’．It is suitable for cultivation in Hunan，
Jiangxi Provinces in open and protected fields．

‘Qingcaidou No.3’ is a new variety of dwarf bean，developed through systematic selection and
breeding from aberrance single plant of dwarf material‘ A2007-1’ in fields introduced from Venezuela．It is of
erectness，resistant to diseases，and has higher yield．The pod is of long and round stick shape．The tender pod is
15.57 cm in length and 1.05 cm in width．The average single pod weight is 6.59 g，and the number of pods per plant
is 23.7．It is suitable for one-time centralized harvest．It takes 68-75 days from sowing to harvesting，and the
whole growth period is about 120 days．The average yield is 30 t·hm^-2．The yield of high-yielding fields can reach
37.5 t·hm^-2．It is suitable for all year-round cultivation in solar greenhouse in Qinghai Province，and suitable for
cultivation in open fields with altitude between 1 650-2 300 m in Qinghai Province，or multiple cropping．