Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）is an important beneficial microorganism in natural world and agriculture ecological system. Once a symbiotic relationship is formed between it and the host plant， the nutriture of host plant can be significantly improved，and the yield，quality，stress resistance can also be increased. This paper summarized the research history about AMF，species and resources of AMF，and its physiological effect and action mechanism on vegetables. Examples of applying AMF in vegetable production are listed. Its application is analyzed and prospected.
Taking 25 different types of cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）accessions as material，this paper studied on the factors affecting the generation of embryoids in culturing isolated microspore and conducted optimization．The embryogenesis for high-generation inbred lines was studied as well.The results showed that the donor plant genotype is the key factor affecting embryogenesis．Embryoids were induced from 11 accessions among all the tested materials．The highest embryoid inducing rate was 19.8 per bud in the hybrid‘Zhonggan 628’and 47.5 per bud in inbred line‘01-88’，which were extremely significantly higher than that of the other accessions．Floral buds with anther length between 3.0-3.5 mm，and ratio of anther length to petal length of 3∶2-2∶1，could produce the highest proportion of microspores at late-uninucleate stage．Early and florescence stages were the optimum sampling periods．Adding active carbon could extremely significantly improve embryoid induction rate．
Taking‘ Jingzhoubendisigua’ and‘ Xiangshuai No.5’ as experimental material，this paper studied the effect of waterlogging stress on the morphology of luffa and balsam pear seedlings，adventitious root anatomical structure and barrier structure. The results showed that the plant height，number of leaves and fresh weight of luffa seedling were not significantly different with that of the contrast under waterlogging stress for 12 days. Only after 16 days，those figures were remarkably lower than that of the contrast. But the plant height，number of leaves and fresh weight of balsam pear seedling were significantly lower than that of the contrast under waterlogging stress for 4 days. The diameter of flooding stem（cotyledons below 1 cm）of luffa seedlings was significantly thicker than that of the contrast after under waterlogging stress for 8 days. While，there was no significant differences between balsam pear seedlings and the contrast. After under waterlogging stress for 16 days，there were well developed aerenchyma in adventitious roots of luffa seedlings，but balsam pear seedlings had not formed aerenchyma yet. After flooding，the endodermis（at 20 mm）of luffa seedlings adventitious roots appeared inner barrier structure， while that of balsam pear seedlings appeared higher at 40 mm. This indicated that the main reason for luffa seedlings more tolerant to waterlogging than balsam pear seedlings was the developed aerenchyma and the inner barrier structure at 20-40 mm in adventitious roots of luffa seedlings.
Different application methods，different concentration and different applying times were studied in this paper to optimize the applying technology of Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX. And the growth promotion effect on tomato and pepper seedlings was also studied. The results showed that the combination of leaf surface spraying and root irrigation could significanyly increase the plant height and stem diameter of pepper seedlings. The net increasing of plant height and stem diameter reached 20.00 cm and 0.16 mm after 14 days treatment， respectively. Different concentrations of B. brevis FJAT-0809-GLX could increase the growth of tomato and pepper seedlings. Among all treatments，B. brevis FJAT-0809-GLX，diluted by 500 times，had the best growth promotion effect on tomato seedlings；and diluted by 10 times had the best effect on pepper seedlings. Different root irrigation times had different effects on the growth of tomato and pepper seedlings. Two or three times had better effects on tomato seedling growth. While，2 times had the best effects on pepper seedling growth.
The 284 cucumber samples affected by virus in the fields of Shunyi and Changping Districts of Beijing，Shouguang of Shandong Province，and Shenzhen of Guangdong Province，were identified on their species of virus diseases and detected them with virus antibodies against 5 cucumber viruses，including Cucumber mosaic virus，Watermelon mosaic virus，Zucchini yellow mosaic virus，Cucumber green mottled mosaic virus and Papaya ring spot virus by ELISA method．The results showed that CMV，WMV，ZYMV were detected on the infected leaves of 126 and 124 samples collected in Shunyi and Changping Districts of Beijing．Among them the detection rate of CMV was the highest，all was 100.00% in Shunyi and Changping．The detection rate of ZYMV were 80.95% and 66.94%，respectively．The detection rate of WMV was the lowest - 51.59% and 53.22%，respectively．Only CMV was detected on the infected fruit．CMV，WMV，ZYMV，PRSV 4 viruses were detected on the infected leaves of 28 samples collected in Shouguang of Shandong Province．The detection rates of these 4 viruses were 100.00%，35.71%，35.71% and 17.86%，respectively．CMV，WMV，PRSV were detected on the infected leaves of 6 infected cucumber samples collected in Shenzhen．The detection rates were 100.00%，50.00% and 50.00%，respectively．Investigation discovered that the phenomenon of 2 and over 2 kinds of virus mixed infection on cucumber was very common in Shunyi and Changping Districts of Beijing， Shouguang of Shandong and Shenzhen of Guangdong．
In order to clarify the feasibility of regeneration and grafting reuse of rootstock and scion after tomato grafting，this paper took tomato‘ Jiulyu 787’ as rootstock and‘ Jiahong No. 4’ as scion，and studied on the growth and development process of rootstock and scion residue regeneration seedlings，and compared the healing and growth indexes of residue grafting seedlings with primary grafting seedlings. The results showed that the residue stock of the rootstock could be regenerated by cutting，and the residue scion could be regenerated from the axillary bud to form a complete seedling after grafting，thus shortening the breeding period for 16 days. Comparing with the primary grafting seedlings，the survival rate，resultant force，transporting capacity and late growth parameters had no significant differences when grafted with rootstock and scion residue. And the cost of residue grafting seedlings was obviously lower than that of the primary grafting seedlings. Every 10 000 grafted seedlings could save 875.5 yuan，indicating the grafted rootstock and scion residue could be regenerated and grafted again，and the economic benefits could be improved obviously.
A total of 126 Phytophthora infestans isolates were collected from Harbin，Suihua and Qiqihar Cities of Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2017. Analysis on their mating types，mtDNA haplotypes，SSR genotypes and multi-locus genotypes were carried out. The results indicated that 3 mating types of A1，A2 and self-fertility were found in 126 strains isolated，accounting for 88.1%，6.3% and 5.6% of the total isolates， respectively. Two mtDNA haplotypes，Ⅰa and Ⅱ a，were identified，accounting for 17.5% and 82.5% of the total number of isolates，respectively. Seven SSR genotypes，F-01，F-02，F-03，F-05，F-06，D-03 and G-02， were identified from 126 isolates tested. Among them，the F-01 genotype（77.8%）was dominant genotype. A total of 9 multi-locus genotypes were identified by systematic analysis of P. infestans，and the multi-locus genotype A（65.1%）was the dominant genotype found in Heilongjiang Province. These results indicated that from 2015 to 2017，the population structure of P. infestans in Heilongjiang Province was very complicated year by year. And the population structure of P. infestans in the Suihua City was the most complex.
The QuEChERS method for rapid detection of 12 pesticide residues in leek was established in combination with LC/GC-MS-MS，taking acetonitrile as solvent for ultrasonic extraction and PSA and C18 as adsorbent for solid extraction. The involved 12 pesticides were imidacloprid，dichlorvos，chlorpyrifos， carbendazim，procymidone，methamidophos，fenpropathrin，carbofuran，benzex，chlordan，cyhalothrin and abamectin. Then the pesticide residues status in leek of Shanxi Province was dynamically monitored and analyzed. The results showed that the total detection rate of pesticide residues in leek was 80%，and the over standard rate was 20%. Frequently used pesticides were imidacloprid，dichlorvos，carbendazim，procymidone，fenpropathrin and cyhalothrin. For the unqualified samples，the higher residues of procymidone was the main reason. The level of pesticide residues of Taiyuan City and its surrounding areas was higher since August. Meanwhile，the detection rate of pesticide residues in leek from the nearby farmers markets was close to that from supermarkets. However， the over standard rate of the former（27.3%）was evidently higher than that of the latter（9.1%）.
‘Qingshu No.11’ is a new potato variety developed from a cross between‘ Tongshu No.23’as female parent and‘ Qingshu168’ as male parent．It is of mid-late maturity．It takes about 107 days from sprouting to harvest．Its tuber is of oval shape with pink peel，yellow flesh and shallow eyes．The content of starch，crude protein，VC and reducing sugar in its tuber is 17.96%，3.17%，240.3 mg·kg-1 and 0.279%，respectively．It is resistant to late blight．It can yield 33.0-37.5 t·hm-2 under normal fertility condition，and 37.5-45.0 t·hm-2 under higher fertility condition．It is suitable for cultivation in all parts of Qinghai Province．
‘Tianyi’ is a new radish F1 hybrid developed by crossing self-incompatible line‘ L116’ as female parent and self-incompatible line‘ L13’ as male parent．It is of early and medium maturity．It can be planted both in spring and autumn．The growth period is about 70 days in spring and 75 days in autumn．The plant is erect with small pinnate leaves．The root is of cylindrical shape and 20-25 cm in length and 6.5-7.5 cm in width． The single root weight is 500-750 g．Its peel is green in color and smooth，bright and beautiful．Its flesh is also green in color and tasted crispy and sweet．It is suitable for eating as uncooked food．Its yield is about 60- 75 t·hm-2．Its resistance to virus disease，downy mildew and black rot is stronger than that of the contrast ‘Shawoluobo’．It is suitable for cultivation in Tianjin，Hebei and Shandong Provinces．
‘Sushuigua No.1’is a new variety of high-quality，high-yield and disease-resistant oriental pickling melon，developed by crossing 2 inbred lines‘ MM-192’ and‘ MM-123’ from Qintong Town of Jiangyan County，Jiangsu Province．It takes about 98 days from sowing to harvest in spring in Nanjing area．The tender fruit can be harvested about 25 days after the opening of female flowers．The fruit is gray green in color of pear shape．It is 17-19 cm in vertical diameter and 11-13 cm in transverse diameter．The single melon weight is 0.9- 1.4 kg．The flesh is green in color．The soluble solids content is about 5.0%．Its flesh is crisp，juicy，sweet with good flavor．It is moderately resistant to gummy stem blight．It can yield about 49.5 t·hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in Jiangsu Province and its surrounding areas．
‘Mianzijiang No.1’ is a new purple cowpea variety developed by crossing breeding material ‘403-2’ as female parent and‘ 2441’ as male parent through system selective breeding．It is of medium maturity. Its growth period is about 71 days．The first inflorescence occurs at the 5-6th node．Its flower is light purple in color，and seed is reddish-brown and of kidney shape．The cowpea pod is 45-55 cm in length．The single pod weight is about 15 g．The pod has even thickness，less fibre and tail．Its comprehensive characteristics are superior．The anthocyanins content is 0.97 mg·g-1．The yield in spring cultivation is 27.0-31.5 t·hm-2．It is suitable for planting in cowpea production areas of Sichuan Province．
