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Current Issue
2013 Vol.1 Issue.12,
Published 2013-06-15
1
Progress on Control of Chilling Injury of Vegetables
HAN Cong, GAO Li-Pu, WANG Zhao-Sheng, WANG Qing, XU Li-Jing, ZUO Jin-Hua
Most tropical and subtropical cold-sensitive vegetables suffered from chilling injury under inappropriate low temperature conditions. This has caused a serious physiological alterations and chilling injury symptoms，and reduced the edible quality and commodity values of vegetables. This paper reviewed the physiological changes in vegetables and the mechanism when chilling injury occurred.It also summarized the internal and external research progress made in technology，and prospected the further studies on technology for controlling chilling injury.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 1-8 [
Abstract
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754
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861KB] (
1254
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9
Research Progress on Eggplant Male Sterility
WANG Zhi-Min, NIU Yi, DING Ze-Qin, TANG Qing-Lin, TIAN Shi-Bing, WANG Yong-Qing, YANG Yang
Eggplant（
Solanum melongena
L.）has strong heterosis. Using male sterile line of eggplant to produce hybrid seed can simplify seed production procedure，reduce production cost and improve seed purity and quality．This paper reviewed the research progress on eggplant male sterile line resource，physiology basis，genetic characteristics and gene engineering studies．It also prospected the research work on male sterile eggplant in the future．
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 9-14 [
Abstract
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790
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898KB] (
980
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15
Overview of Identification Techniques for
Pythium
Species Based on Morphology and Molecular Biology
YIN Ling, TIAN Xun, HUO Wan-Xue
Pythium
are worldwide distributed oomycetes．In recent years，the plant diseases caused by
Pythium
become more and more obvious，the area has expanded year by year．And
Pythium
now regarded as a major harmful genera of plant pathogens．This paper has reviewed the identification techniques for
Pythium
species based on morphology and molecular biology. It also puts forward an important strategy for disease prevention and control． This strategy takes the conventional morphology as base，uses rDNA-ITS sequences，
β-tubulin
and
Cox
Ⅱ gene，RFLP，RAPD，AFLP and SSR，etc. molecular markers to establish a rapid and accurate diagnosis t echnology.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 15-22 [
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833
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1333KB] (
1492
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23
Studies on Free Microspore Culturing Technology in
Brassica juncea
（L.）Czern. et Coss.
GU Xiang-Kun, LI Fei, ZHANG Shu-Jiang, ZHANG Shi-Fan, ZHANG Hui, SUN Ri-Fei
In order to improve the microspore culture system in
Brassica juncea
（L.） Czern. et Coss. and promote its application in breeding and basic research，we used 12 different genotypes of
Brassica ica juncea
（ L.） Czern. et Coss. as experimental materials to study the effects of genotype，heat shock induction and donor plants growth conditions，especially atmospheric temperature on microspore culture in
Brassica juncea
（L.） Czern. et Coss．The results indicated that microspores in the late uninucleate stage were prismatoidal and characterized with 3 obvious germinal furrows，which can help identify the length of buds that contained a large proportion of late-uninucleate-stage microspores．2-3 mm buds were appropriate for microspore culture in
Brassica juncea
（L.）Czern. et Coss．35 °C heat shock for 3 days contributed to the induction of microspore embryogenesis. Genotype was the key factor that affected the results of microspore culture in
Brassica juncea
（L.）Czern. et Coss．The ability of embryo yield was quite different among 12 different genotypes．Nine of them produced embryos，V03B0097 and A12959 gave the highest among the 12 genotypes：5.87 and 5.54 embryos per bud，respectively．Low temperature for donor plants growing was appropriate for embryogenesis of microspore culture in
Brassica juncea
（L.）Czern. et Coss.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 23-30 [
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837
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1681KB] (
1054
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31
Genetic Diversity and Fingerprint Based on SCoT Markers in
Brassica juncea
（L.） Czern. et Coss.
LIN Qing, LONG Zhi-Jian, HAN Guo-Hui, HE Qiao, XIANG Su-Qiong, FAN Yong-Hong, TANG Jia-Jia, LIANG Guo-Lu
SCoT markers were used to analyze genetic diversity of 46 mustard accessions．21 primers were screened from 70 SCoT primers and 200 SCoT bands were obtained，including 140 polymorphic bands，with a polymorphism rate of 70%．The genetic similarity coefficient values among these accessions were ranged between 0.77 to 0.95，and the average Nei’s s gene diversity（ H），Shannon’s information index（ I） and Polymorphism information content（ PIC） were 0.198，0.301 and 0.822 7，respectively.The cluster analysis conducted with UPGMA showed that 46 mustard accessions were divided into 2 groups in D1=0.780，and the group Ⅱ were divided into 5 subgroups in D2=0.807．Besides，a SCoT fingerprint of 46 mustard accessions was established with 16 sites of the 140 amplified polymorphic bands．The results showed that 46 mustard accessions can be identified by SCoT fingerprint performed with primers SP4，SP19，SP20，SP23 and SP30.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 31-39 [
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1080
) [
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1049KB] (
1102
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40
Transformation of Fertile Male Sterile AB Lines Type 1 Greens Komatsuna with Purple Petiole and Genetic Characteristics of Petioles’purple Color
CHEN Yong-Hao, SHEN Xiang-Qun, HONG Ya-Ting, MA Shi-Fang, LI Lin, GUO Yan-Feng
Taking greens komatsuna〔
Brassica campestris
ssp.
Chinensis
（L.）Makino〕 with purple petiole and greens komatsuna with green petiole as test materials，we compounded F
1
、F′
1
、F
2
and BC
1
F
1
，and investigated the genetic characteristics of purple petioles．The results show that both petioles of F
1
、F′
1
are purple，but the degree of purple is different，and the separation ratios of petioles color in F
2
and BC
1
F
1
are close to 3 purple∶1 green for F
2
progenies，1 purple∶1 green for BC
1
F
1
progenies．The result of
χ
2
test further proved that heredity of petiole color with purple genes was dominant and controlled by one pair of major gene，and also affected by a few minor genes and environmental factors．At the same time，taking infertility source green stem pakchoi controlled by multiple alleles as female parent，we imported the infertility gene into the black leaf greens komatsuna by methods of hybridization，backcross，self-ing and artificial selection for ideal strain，and transformed and developed fertile lines of male sterile AB lines type 1 greens komatsuna with purple. petioles. Its economic characteristics are similar to the male parent.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 40-45 [
Abstract
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689
) [
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1KB] [
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1352KB] (
679
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46
Genetic System Analysis of Stem/Leaf Characteristics in Tumorous Stem Mustard
LIU Yi-Hua, ZHANG Zhao-Rong, XIAO Li, ZHAO Shou-Zhong
Three inbred lines with different ratio of stem and leaf were used as parents and developed 2 hybrids. Their genetic systems in stem/leaf ratio of P
1
，P
2
，F
1
and F
2
were analyzed by method of joint segregation analysis of major gene plus polygenes mixed inheritance model．The results showed that the genetic systems in stem/leaf ratio of these 2 hybridized combinations were constructed by one pair of additive-dominant major genes plus additive-dominant-epistatic polygenes（ D-O）．Heritability of the major genes and polygenes in F
2
generations were 60.17%-68.74% and 6.83%-10.23%，respectively．The additive effects of the major genes were more important than their dominant effects，and dominant effects showed negative in various degrees in 2 hybrid ized combinations.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 46-48 [
Abstract
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681
) [
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1KB] [
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824KB] (
607
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49
Preliminary Effects of 4 Resistance Inducers on Tomato Resistance to Late Blight
LI Shao-Bo, SHI Yan-Xia, LIU Jun-Li, XIE Xue-Wen, LI Bao-Ju
In order to identify the resistance of tomato to late blight（
Phytophthora infestans
）induced by benzothiadiazole，lentinan，chitosan and amino-oligosaccharin，this study determined the bacteriostatic activity of the above 4 elicitors．The results showed that these 4 elicitors had no significant bactericidal activity，and their inhibitory effects were generally less than 30%. The results of pot experiment indicated that the effects of induced resistance of these 4 elicitors with different concentrations against tomato in seedling stage were good．Among them，2% chitosan（ AS） at concentration of 500 mg·L
-1
was 90.06%，which has the best control efficiency．The results of field experiment indicated that the effects of induced resistance of these 4 elicitors with different concentrations against tomato late blight in adult-plant stage were over 70%（ except the treatment of 2% chitosan AS at concentration of 125 mg·L
-1
）．The better treatments were 1% benzothiadiazole（ EW）at concentration of 50 mg·L
-1
and 3% amino-oligosaccharin AS at concentration of 100 mg·L
-1
．Their control efficiencies were 94.71% and 95.89%，respectively．
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 49-54 [
Abstract
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698
) [
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1KB] [
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892KB] (
833
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55
Physiological Race Identification of Clubroot （
Plasmodiphora braassicae
Wor） from Changyang County，Hubei Province and Resistant Resource Screening for Chinese Cabbage Breeding
WANG Wei-Hong, YU Yang-Jun, DING Yun-Hua, ZHANG Feng-Lan, YU Shuan-Cang, ZHANG De-Shuang, ZHAO Xiu-Yun, LU Gui-Xiang
Four isolates of clubroot（
Plasmodiphora braassicae
Wor），collected from Changyang County Hubei Province，the infected Chinese cabbage，cabbage，radish were identified by Williams host system．The results indicated that all 4 isolates are belonged to physiological race No. 4 with strong virulence．44 varieties and 46 inbred lines of Chinese cabbage were inocul ated and screened using these isolates，4 varieties and 14 inbred lines were found to be resis tant.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 55-60 [
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914
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898KB] (
755
)
61
Defense Response of Hemolymph in
Bemisia tabaci
to
Beauveria bessiana
REN Jie, HAN Xue-Mei, LIU Zhao, LEI Zhong-Ren
To identify the defense mechanism of
Bemisia tabaci
hemolymph against
Beauveria bassiana
，cellular immune responses of the infected 3rd instar nymph was investigated with optics microscope and Giemsa stain．The results showed that the invasion of
Beauveria bassiana
could bring about changes in the total numbers of host hemocytes．After 36 hours inoculation，the blastospores appeared in
B. tabaci
and the total numbers of host hemocytes were increased．At the same time，the blastospores were adsorbed to the surface of plamatocyte．60 hours after inoculation，the hyphal bodies were absorbed to the surface of granulocytes．More hyphal bodies were observed to the surface of granulocytes 96 hours after inoculation，and the insect body color had appeared the symptoms of infection，which means that the
B. bassiana
has broken the defense of
B. tabaci
．
B. tabaci
can only inhibit the invasion of
B. basiana
temporarily.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 61-65 [
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2576
) [
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1KB] [
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1067KB] (
717
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66
Effects of Temperature and Light Conditions in Solar Energy Greenhouse on Tomato Vegetative Growth and Fruit Inflation
ZHANG Fan-Yang, WANG Xiu-Feng, HUANG Xue, WEI Min, YANG Feng-Juan, SHI Qing-Hua
This paper studies the effects of temperature and light conditions of solar energy greenhouse on tomato（
Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill.） growth and fruit inflation by dynamic observation on temperature and light conditions and tomato growth status in early spring. The results showed that daily and night average temperatures，and shallow ground temperature during tomato vegetative growth period（ mid March） under solar cultivation could effectively reflect the dynamic changes of tomato leaf area，stem thickness and plant height，while the light radiation quantity and day/night average temperature differences had fewer influence on the above mentioned items. In mid April，when tomato fruit is inflating，the daily average temperature，accumulative temperature of lighting time calculated by hour，and solar radiant quantity had extremly significantly positive correlation with tomato fruit inflation. The stem thickness and leaf area had extremly significantly positive correlation with fruit inflation. This improves the establishment of source-pool rela tionship during fruit inflation.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 66-70 [
Abstract
] (
770
) [
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1KB] [
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858KB] (
1041
)
71
Effects of Straw Returning Mode on Crop Growth and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Greenhouse Cultivation
ZHANG Sai, WANG Long-Chang, ZHAO Lin-Lu, DU Juan, XU Qi-Cong
In order to explore the effects of application of straw on crop growth and soil fertility in greenhouse vegetable cultivation，we designed 3 treatments as conventional tillage（ CK），straw mulch surface（ S） and straw buried into underground 20 cm deep（I）．The result showed that the S treatment could significantly improve the response of the blades to photosynthetically active radiation．In the early stage of crop growth，the biomass aboveground or underground of each treatment were r anked as S＞ I ＞CK．As time went by，I treatment presented a declining trend of yield．In I treatment，the total length of wheat root，root surface area，root volume，root diameter and leaf area were significantly lower than that in S treatment．S treatment sustainably improved the total soil carbon content，which was 41.87% higher than that of the initial value，2 months after sowing. In the initial wheat growing period， I and CK treatments were favorable for increasing the total carbon conte nt in soil．But，the total carbon content in soil started to decrease 2 months after sowing．In I treatment，it was 8.87% lower than the initial value.1 month after sowing the total nitrogen content in soil increased in I and CK treatments，while they were lower than the initial value 2 months later in 3 treatments．In a word，S treatment is beneficial for soil carbon storage as a result of higher carbon nitrogen ratio，which was significantly higher than the other 2 treatments.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 71-75 [
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721
) [
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1KB] [
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933KB] (
657
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76
Studies on 4 Tomato Varieties Tolerance to NaCl Stress under Tissue Culture Condition
WANG Ping, MENG Xiao-Qin, ZHONG Ying, WANG Gang, JI Jing
Using hypocotyls of tomato（
Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill.）varieties‘Baiguoqiangfeng’，‘Hongniuxin’，‘Xiaohongxiantao’ and ‘Hongshengnv’ as explants，we added 0 mmol·L
-1
，50 mmol·L
-1
，100 mmol·L
-1
，150 mmol·L
-1
and 200 mmol·L
-1
NaCl in the media，and investigated the changes in induction rates of callus formation and adventitious bud under the stress of different NaCl levels．We also evaluated tolerance of 4 tomato varieties to NaCl stress under the condition of tissue culture．At the same time，we probed into the effects of chlorine fumigation time on tomato seed’s growth and germination，when it was used in tomato seed disinfection. The results showed that 7 h chlorine fumigation for tomato seeds had the best effect. The capacity of hypocotyls tissue culture of 4 tomato varieties and their tolerance to NaCl were different．The induction rates of callus formation and adventitious bud of‘ Baiguoqiangfeng’ and‘ Hongshengnv’ were relatively high．100 mmol·L
-1
and 50 mmol·L
-1
NaCl were suitable for‘ Baiguoqiangfeng’ and‘ Hongshengnv’，respectively when NaCl was applied as selective agent to screen transformants.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 76-81 [
Abstract
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837
) [
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1KB] [
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985KB] (
672
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82
Effects of Different Microbial Inoculants on Aerobic Composting of Corn Stalk
FENG Zhi, LI Jie, ZHANG Guo-Bin, LI Wen-Lin, JIA Hao-Yu, LIU Zhao-Fan, YU Ji-Hua
This study was committed to screen out the suitable corn stalk single fermentation microbial inoculants on the northwest desert region of non-cultivated land in an aerobic composting test．Three representative microbial inoculants（ microbial inoculant 1 is mainly consisted of cellulose fungus and degraded starch bacillus；microbial inoculant 2 is mainly consisted of
Bacillus subtilis
，
Streptomyces tendae
，
Streptomyces albogriseolus
，Aspergillus
niger
and
Trichoderma reesei
；microbial inoculant 3 is mainly consisted of dozens microorganisms and bio-enzyme） were selected to do the compost experiment on corn stalk，not adding inoculants for the control check. The stacking temperature，moisture content，pH，germination seed index and other factors were surveyed and analyzed during the composting. The results show that adding microbial inoculants can effectively speed up the fermentation. The effects are better than that without addition．The temperatures of adding microbial inoculant 1 and microbial inoculant 3 treatments are relatively higher，which rose to 55 °C after 2 days．High temperature lasted for 27 and 33 days，respectively．In the microbial inoculant 2 treatment，high temperature had short duration．The seed germination index was over 80% after 30 d，when treated by microbial inoculant 1 and microbial inoculant 3，while the CK needed 40 d．The total organic carbon contents of various treatments showed a downward trend，when fermentation was implemented. Treatment of microbial inoculant 3 had the fastest speed for organic carbon degradation．The pH values of all treatments were within the scope suitable for matured compost．We can summarize that the effect of microbial inoculant 3 is the best，microbial inoculant 1 is second and micro bial inoculant 2 is worst．
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 82-87 [
Abstract
] (
781
) [
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1KB] [
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913KB] (
1046
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88
Effects of Different Altitudes on Growth and Culm-swelling of
Zizania caduciflora
（Turcz.）Hand. -Mazz.
DENG Jian-Ping, SHI Min, HUANG Jian-Zhong, GUO De-Ping, HU Zhen-Liang
The present study investigates the effects of high altitudes（ 200-1 000 m） on the growth and culm-swelling of
Zizania caduciflora
（Turcz.）Hand. -Mazz.．The results showed that the sprouting date，leafing and peak value of plant height increase at high altitudes were significantly delayed and lower than those grown at lower altitudes．Sprouting of
Zizania caduciflora
（Turcz.）Hand. -Mazz. in high altitudes requires over 5 °C effective accumulated temperature than in low altitudes . Its leafing rate，plant height increasing speed showed positive correlation with the effective accumulated temperature in various altitudes．Culm-swelling was observed to take place in the following order：410 m ＞ 650 m ＞1 008 m ＞ 815 m．The culm-swelling stage usually occurred during the period，when the temperature was suitable．Therefore，the effect of altitude on growth and culm-swelling of
Zizania caduciflora
（Turcz.）Hand.-Mazz. was mainly realized by temperature differences at different altitudes．Suppression of growth and metabolism of
Ustilago esculenta
by high temperature is most likely to be the limiting factor for culm-swelling of
Zizania caduciflora
（Turcz.）Hand. -Mazz. during hot summer days.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 88-93 [
Abstract
] (
653
) [
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1KB] [
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1020KB] (
671
)
94
A Late Maturing New Chinese Cabbage F
1
Hybrid —‘Jingqiu No. 4’
ZHANG Feng-Lan, ZHANG De-Shuang, YU Yang-Jun, XU Jia-Bing, ZHAO Xiu-Yun, YU Shuan-Cang, WANG Wei-Hong, LU Gui-Xiang
‘Jingqiu No. 4’is a late maturing Chinese cabbage F
1
hybrid with high quality．It can be harvested in 75-80 days after sowing．It has high uniformity．Its exterior leaf is dark green in color．The leaf blades are slightly wrinkled with smaller openness．The single head weight is about 4.2 kg．It tastes good and has super quality．It is resistant to virus diseases，downy mildew and black rot．Its yield is about 105.0 t·hm
-2
．It has wide adaptability and is suitable to be cultivated in B eijing，Hebei，Tianjin，Liaoning，Jilin，Heilongjiang，Inner Mongolia and Shandong Provinces．The accumulated extension areas is about 20 000 hm
2
．
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 94-96 [
Abstract
] (
667
) [
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1KB] [
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856KB] (
715
)
97
A New Fast Growing Chinese Cabbage F
1
Hybrid —‘30 Kuaicai’
LUO Zhi-Min, ZHANG Bin, WEN Feng-Ying, LIU Xiao-Hui, ZHAO Bing, WANG Chao-Nan, HUANG Zhi-Yin, LI Mei
‘30 Kuaicai’ is a new half-heading edible and fast-growing Chinese cabbage F
1
hybrid bred by crossing self-incompatible line 175 with excellent DH line P35．The growth period is about 30 days．It grows rapidly and its heart leaf grows fast and early．The plant type is upright．It has beautiful appearance with green hairless leaves．The entire leaf has margin with soft waxy texture．Its plant height is 25 cm．It takes 25-45 days from sowing to harvesting．Its normal yield is about 45.0 t·hm
-2
．It is highly resistant to virus disease and suitable to be plan ted all over the country.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 97-99 [
Abstract
] (
871
) [
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1KB] [
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1213KB] (
920
)
100
A New Cowpea Variety of Early Maturity —‘Huanghuawang’
REN Ling-Bing
‘Huanghuawang’ is a new cowpea variety developed by crossing protospecies generation of‘ fengjiang’ as female parent and‘ Huangziwang’ as male parent．The pod is mainly setting on the main vine．It has yellow flower．The first flower usually sets on 2nd-3rd node，and each inflorescence could bear 2-6 pads．Below the 5th knots of the root，the average effective branch number is 2．The commercial pad is green and white in color．Its pad is 80-85 cm in length and the longest one could be 120 cm．The single pod weight is about 30 g．The pod length is symmetry．The fruit tastes crispy and tender with good commodity．Its seeds are reniform with colored coat．The 1 000 kernel weight is about 130 g．Its whole growing period is 90-120 d．In prior period，it can yield 24.0-30.0 t·hm
-2
，accounting for over 40% of the total output. Its total yield is 52.5-60.0 t·hm
-2
．It can be planted all over the country.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 100-103 [
Abstract
] (
676
) [
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1KB] [
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843KB] (
553
)
104
A New Jitui Welsh Onion Variety —‘Xincong No. 5’
ZHANG Guo-Jin, WANG Wen-Jie, DUAN Feng-Hua, REN Fu-Sen
‘Xincong No. 5’ is a new variety of Jitui welsh onion bred by the technique of multiparents and ulti-crossing and through years of systematic selec tion and breeding．This new variety gathered good genes from several parents and possessed many outstanding characteristics. The plant height is 95-100 cm with 35-40 cm fistular onion stalk．The diameter of middle stem is 2.5-3.0 cm and that of bottem stem is 6-7 cm．Its leave blades are green in color．There are 6-8 functional leave blades during growing stage．Its average yield is over 75 t ·hm
-2
．It is suitable to be cultivated in Henan，Hebei，Shanxi and Shandong Provinces，etc.
2013 Vol. 1 (12): 104-106 [
Abstract
] (
740
) [
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1KB] [
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831KB] (
693
)
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