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2012 Vol.1 Issue.12,Published 2012-06-15
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2012 Vol. 1 (12): 0-0 [Abstract] ( 800 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 291KB] ( 901 )
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2012 Vol. 1 (12): 1-1 [Abstract] ( 899 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 141KB] ( 519 )
1 Flowering Control Mechanism of FT as A Long-range Signal
LIU Zhi-yu，TANG Qing-lin*，SONG Ming*，WANG Zhi-min
FLOWERING LOCUS T（FT）is a key material to control the changes from vegetative growth to reproductive development．And FT protein，as a long-range signal，plays an important role in regulating the flowering time．FT can express in leaves，which is regulated by some flowering pathways，such as photoperiod way．It is FT protein not FT mRNA that is transported into the apex meristem for flowering induction．This paper summarizes the mechanisms for FT gene expression regulation，FT protein long-range transportation and flowering induction in apex meristem．It also discusses about the prospects of future research works，according to present research status.
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 742 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 282KB] ( 1643 )
9 Research Progress on Related Fruit Genetic Traits of Pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）
HUANG Ya-jie，LI Su-wen，XIAO Yu，ZHANG Bin*
Fruit is the main economic products of pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）．Therefore fruit size，shape, color and mordancy taste，etc．important economic characters are paid more attention during the long period of cultivation and selective breeding．New pepper genetic resources can be innovated and new varieties with comprehensive superior characters can be obtained through utilization of profitable allel and mutation．Recent research progress on gene location and molecular biology of related fruit traits in pepper was reviewed，including pepper fruit quality，shape，color，firmness and pungency．Meanwhile，the development trend for basic research about pepper fruit traits was prospected．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 9-15 [Abstract] ( 1175 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 274KB] ( 948 )
16 Genetic Analysis on Mixed Main Gene Plus Polyenes for TuMV Resistance in Chinese Cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson〕
QIAN Wei，ZHANG Shu-jiang，ZHANG Shi-fan，LI Fei，ZHANG Hui，SUN Ri-fei*
The Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson〕crosses between TuMV resistant material BP8407 and susceptible material‘Jizaochun’，and between TuMV resistant material‘Erqing’and susceptible material‘Chundajiang’were mechanically inoculated with TuMV-C4 isolate．The joint segregation analysis of P1，P2，F1 and F2 populations derived from these 2 crosses was used to study the inheritance in this paper．Each plant of the 4 populations mentioned above was further examined for its resistance to natural population of Chinese cabbage，according to its ELISA P/N per plant．The results indicated that the resistance was controlled by 2 additive-dominant-epistatic major-gene plus polygene．Major-gene heritability for the 2 crosses are 86.51% and 77.64%，respectively. Therefore，Chinese cabbage’s resistance to TuMV-C4 accords with the 2 major genes plus polygene．The inheritance for TuMV resistance of Chinese cabbage may provide foundation for its mechanism，coarse and fine resistant gene mapping，resistance breeding and marker assisted selection to TuMV．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 16-21 [Abstract] ( 1290 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 311KB] ( 818 )
22 Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Chinese Cabbage Hybrid and Its Parents
LIN Jian-li1，2，ZHANG Yi-hui2，LI Li-bin2，WANG Feng-de2，ZHU Zheng-ge3，GAO Jian-wei2*
In this study，the differential gene expression among Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson〕hybrid‘Baiyin No.2’and its parents was analyzed by cDNA-AFLP．The results showed that 29 differentially expressed fragments were characterized in 3 different stages，of which 5 differentially expressed fragments are in the seeding stage，14 differentially expressed fragments in the rosette stage，10 differentially expressed fragments in the heading stage．19 difference fragments expressed only in the hybrid，3 difference fragments expressed only in parents，2 difference fragments expressed only in female parent and 5 difference fragments expressed only in male parent．The comparative analysis of 29 differentially expressed fragment sequences with Chinese cabbage genome sequence result discovered that 29 bands had their locations in Chinese cabbage genome database website（http://brassicadb.org/brad/），of which 17 differentially expressed fragments were corresponding genes coding proteins，respectively．These 17 differentially expressed genes participated in the following biological process：metabolism and cellular transport，etc．Of these，2 genes included the AP2/EREBP domain and PPR domain，respectively．These 2 domains play important roles in controlling plant growth and development．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 22-29 [Abstract] ( 1554 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 729KB] ( 688 )
30 Establishment of Two-dimensional Electrophoresis System of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. Stigma Protein
ZENG Jing1，CHEN Song1，ZHU Li-quan1*，GAO Qi-guo2*，WANG Xiao-jia2，YANG Xiao-hong2
A two-dimensional electrophoresis（2-DE）has been widely applied in proteomics research．The purpose of this study was to establish a suitable 2-DE system for proteomic analysis of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. stigma．The stigmas being harvested one day before flowering was used in the experiment．We optimized the parameters of 2-DE including extraction methods，IPG strip，sample loading，isoelectric focusing conditions and SDS-PAGE gel concentration．The optimized system included the following steps：extracting the total proteins from Brassica oleracea stigma by TCA/acetone precipitation，separating the proteins with length 17 cm and pH 3-10 NL IPG strips，loading proteins samples of 150 μg followed by isoelectric focusing programⅠ，and selecting SDS-PAGE gel concentration at 12%．The 2-D images with good repeatability and high protein spot resolution were obtained．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 30-36 [Abstract] ( 1103 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 537KB] ( 824 )
37 First Exploration on Genetic Law of Glossy Wax-less Characteristics on Cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）Material 10Q-961
LI Jing-tao，YANG Li-mei*，FANG Zhi-yuan，LIU Yu-mei，ZHUANG Mu，ZHANG Yang-yong，SUN Pei-tian，ZHENG Qi-gong，LIU Dong-ming，YI Deng-xia
In order to study on the inheritance of glossy wax-less characteristic，F1，F2，BC1P1 and BC1P2 populations were obtained through crossing，selfing and back-crossing by cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）material 10Q-961（glossy wax-less appearance）and 10Q-206（normal wax appearance）．The results of χ2 test on the separated proportion preliminarily proved that the trait of glossy wax-less was controlled by one pair of recessive gene.
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 37-41 [Abstract] ( 1252 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 604KB] ( 792 )
42 Studies on Karyotypes of Several Compositae Vegetables Seed
QIAO Hai-yun，ZHANG He-long，LIU Wei，XU Zhao-sheng*
Five different cultivated species of Compositae vegetables were used as materials in this study．The morphological characters of their seeds were observed under the anatomical lens．Their karyotypes’analysis and comparison between them were conducted by traditional squash method．The results showed．That the karyotype formula of‘Chunxiangyoumaicai’is 2n=2x=18=10m+8 sm，belonging to 2A type．That of‘Dasusheng’is 2n=2x=18=8 m+10 sm，belonging to 2A type．That of‘Bajiamai’and ‘Huayatianmaicai’is 2n=2x=18=4 m+14 sm，belonging to 3A type．‘Huayekuju’is 2n=2x=18=16 m+2 sm，belonging to 1A type．About seed morphological characters，the‘Dasusheng’and‘Chunxiangyoumaicai’were similar，the‘Bajiamai’and‘Huayatianmaicai’were similar，but the‘Huayekuju’was special．The genetic relationship and genetic diversity of these vegetables were preliminarily discussed according to the above results．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 42-46 [Abstract] ( 1513 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 387KB] ( 869 )
47 Analysis on Expression of Anthracnose Defense Enzyme Activity and HRGP Content in Phaseolus vulgaris L. at Seedling Stage
ZENG Ling-nan，XIAO Zi-heng，LI Cheng-yan，ZHANG Ting，HU Guo-fu*
The susceptible bean（Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. chinensis Hort.）cultivar‘Laolaishao’and resistant cultivar‘Dayoudou’were taken as testing materials．The activities of 5 kinds defense enzymes（chitinase，beta-1，3-glucanase，SOD，POD and LOX）and HRGP content were detected and analyzed after the 2 cultivars infected by Anthracnose in different times（0，3，6，9，12 d）．The results showed that content of HRGP and the enzyme activities of chitinase，SOD，POD and LOX in resistant cultivar markedly increased with the increase of time course of infection and the disease expansion．The peak of their activities appeared earlier than in susceptible one．Compared with the susceptible cultivars，the activity of POD in resistant cultivar changed most significantly，while the content of HRGP changed with minimum amplitude．And the results of testing enzyme activity of beta-1，3-glucanase showed that the enzyme activity of resistant cultivar in 0 d was higher than susceptible cultivar，while after inoculation its enzyme activity of resistant cultivar change tendency was the same as the susceptible cultivar．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 47-51 [Abstract] ( 1196 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 363KB] ( 662 )
52 Identification of Strawberry Root Rot Pathogeny Caused by Fusarium in Beijing
SHENG Ru-yuan1，XIAO Chang-kun2，ZHENG Shu-heng2，SHI Yan-xia3，XIE Xue-wen3，WANG Xiang-jing1*，LI Bao-ju3*
A high incidence of strawberry root rot was observed in Changping District of Beijing in April 2011 and 35 samples of affected plants were collected at random．Thirteen strains were taken at the colony edge for subculture and purification．The purified isolates were primarily identified based on morphological and colony characteristics．It was found that all strains isolates were similar in morphology and colony．Analysis of rDNA-ITS sequence of isolates indicated that the strains were Fusarium oxysporum．The healthy strawberries were used for fungal pathogenicity test．All isolates had pathogenicity．Symptoms became to appear 2 weeks after inoculation．The pathogens were recovered from strawberry roots，confirming Koch’s postulates．Based on the morphological characteristics，pathogenicity test and molecular methods，strawberry root rot pathogens were identified as Fusarium oxysporum.
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 52-56 [Abstract] ( 1270 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 569KB] ( 1019 )
57 Immature Development of Pieris rapae（Lepidoptera：Pieridae）on Cabbage Plants after Infested by B Biotype Bemisia tabaci（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）
MI Hong-bin1，2，SHAN Hong-wei2，ZHANG Shi-ze2，3*，ZHANG Fan4，LIU Tong-xian2，3
To determine whether B biotype Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius）（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）feeding could induce plant defense against Pieris rapae Linnaeus（Lepidoptera：Pieridae），we carried out the effects of B. tabaci on biological parameters of P. rapae on cabbage（Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.），including larva growth and development，body weight and length，under greenhouse condition（16.0-46.2 ℃，natural light）．The results indicated that mean durations of 1st instar and pupal stage were not significantly different when fed on whitefly infestation cabbage plants compared with the contrast，while the mean durations of P. rapae from 2nd to 5th instar were 36.0%，40.0%，57.9% and 24.3%，respectively longer than the contrast．The total larva duration prolonged 31.0%．There was no difference in pupal period．The body weights of P. rapae from 2nd to 4th instar were 25.8%，34.0% and 31.9%，respectively lower than the contrast．However，there were no differences in weights of 1st and 5th instar larval and pupal．The body lengths of of P. rapae from 1st to 4th instar were 11.1%，11.5%，8.8% and 11.9%，respectively shorter than the contrst．These results showed that B. tabaci infestations had negative effect on the early stage development of P. rapae.
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 57-62 [Abstract] ( 1081 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 364KB] ( 645 )
63 Effect of Different Concentration Bacillus subtilis Aqua on Controlling and Preventing Cucumber Fusarium Wilt
LIU Dong，HONG Feng，PU Zi-jing，MIAO Di，MA Bai-zhuang，ZHANG Yan-ju*
To evaluate the control effect of Bacillus subtilis aqua（2.5×1012 cfu?L-1 Bacillus subtilis）against cucumber Fusarium wilt，and to know its influence on cucumber growth and production，we carried out plot test in fields from 2008 to 2009．The results indicated that the control efficiencies of 8.3×109 cfu?L-1 were 81.8% and 77.5%，respectively，which were significant higher than 5.0×109 cfu?L-1and 3.1×109 cfu?L-1，but there was no significant difference as 50% carbendazim（WP）treatment．Besides，B. subtilis aqua was safe to cucumber and has certain effect on its yield increasing．Compared with other treatments，8.3×109 cfu?L-1 AS treatment has the best effect on increasing production．The yield increase rates in 2008 and 2009 was 5.8% and 10.0%，respectively．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 63-66 [Abstract] ( 1274 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 290KB] ( 768 )
67 Allelopathic Effect of Street Tree Leaf-litter Extracts on Cucumber
SHANG Ling-ling，ZHU Qiu-ying，CAO Ling，ZHANG Qin-chao，WANG Qian*
In order to provide the theoretical foundation of street tree leaf-litter’s usage in the production of vegetables，the allelopathy of leaf-litter on cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）of 6 kinds of street tree（ginkgo biloba，populous tomentosa，pinus tabulaeformis，poplar，platanus orientalis and paulownia）was investigated by means of bioassay in laboratory．The results showed that the leaf-litter of 6 street trees all have allelopathy on cucumber，but their allelopathic mechanisms and intensities were different．The 6 street trees’ leaf-litter could increase cucumber seedlings’ height，but had no effect on their germination rate and dry weight．As for the root length，leaf-litters of ginkgo biloba，populus tomentosa and pinus tabulaeformis had promotion effect，that of poplar had inhibit effect，platanus orientalis had no effect，and paulownia had promotion/inhibit double effects．The leaf-litters of ginkgo biloba and populus tomentosa could increase the fresh weight of cucumber seedlings，but that of the other 4 had no effect．The comprehensive sensitive index reflects that the allelopahy of ginkgo biloba＞populus tomentosa＞platanus orientalis＞pinus tabulaeformis＞paulownia＞poplar，the sensitivity of seedling height＞fresh weight＞root length＞dry weight＞germination rate．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 67-71 [Abstract] ( 1219 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 534KB] ( 457 )
72 Identification and Biological Characteristics of Potato Early Blight
HE Kai1，YANG Shui-ying1，HUANG Zhen-lin2，QING Ling1，SUN Xian-chao1，LI Zhen-lun3*
：Potato（Solanum tuberosum L.）early blight pathogen in Wuxi County，Chongqing city was isolated and identified，and its biological characteristics were studied．The results indicated that there were septate and branch hyphae in mycelium of potato early blight pathogen in Chongqing area．And the conidiophore was solitary or clustered，and the spore was of clavate or grenade shape．The size of conidia was（46.32-156.33）μm×（11.58-28.95）μm with longitudinal and latitudinal septa．Analysis of rDNA-ITS sequence of pathogen indicated that the strains were Alternaria sonali Sorauer．Studies on its morphologic characteristics indicated that light had no remarkable influence on mycelial growth，but darkness was favorable for spore-bearing．The optimum temperature for mycelial growth ranged from 27 to 28 ℃，the optimum pH value was 6．The optimum temperature for conidial germination was 30 ℃，the optimum pH value was 7-8．Studies on nutritional characteristics showed that sucrose，fructose，lactose，maltose and starch were more favorable for mycelia growth than dextrose，among which sucrose，fructose，lactose were better than carbon sources，and glycine and nitrate nitrogen could promote mycelia growth，but ammonium nitrogen could inhibit mycelia growth．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 72-77 [Abstract] ( 1422 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 507KB] ( 857 )
78 First Exploration on Physical and Chemical Properties and Application Effects of Hot Pepper Seed Coating Agent
XIONG Hai-rong1，JIANG Li-hua2，HUANG Zhong-liang2，XIONG Yuan-fu3*，WEN Zhu-you4，LI Xia3
To explore the physical and chemical properties and their effects on seed germination of hot pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）seed coating agent（XFY-2），the pH value，viscosity，forming-film property，forming-film time，coating uniformity rate and coating off rate of seed-coating agent were tested．The 2 hot pepper seeds were coated with XFY-2 and indoor germination experiments were carried．Meanwhile its effects were compared with those of an imported seed-coating agent（SLS）．The results showed that the pH value of XFY-2 was 4.55，the viscosity was 23.0 mPa?s-1，forming-film property was good，forming-film time was 5.5 min，coating uniformity rate was 97.5%，coating off rate was less than 5%．The result of germination experiment indicated that the physical and chemical properties of this seed-coating agent were good．It could not only promote seed germination，enhance adult seedling rate，but also effectively improve seedling germination and development．The general effects of this hot pepper seed-coating agent were better than those of the imported agent SLS．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 78-82 [Abstract] ( 1449 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 234KB] ( 740 )
83 Heavy Metal Accumulation Characteristics and Environmental Critical Values in Flowering Cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）var. utilis Tsen et Lee〕Production Area for Food Security
WEN Dian1，2，LIU Xiang-xiang1，2，WANG Qi-feng1，2，WANG Fu-hua1，3*，SUN Fang-fang1，3
Vegetable field soil in situ at the Pearl River delta was collected，and the pot experiment was conducted to study the activities of 5 heavy metals（Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Cr）in soil and the enrichment characteristics of total and available heavy metals in soil by the edible parts of flowering cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）var. utilis Tsen et Lee〕．The environment critical values of 5 heavy metals in flowering cabbage production area for food security，and the impact of soil physicochemical properties on heavy metal absorption in flowering cabbage were explored．The results show that the activity of soil heavy metals（ranked from the highest to the lowest）is Cd＞Pb＞As＞（Cr、Hg），and the heavy metals concentration（ranked from the highest to the lowest）is Cd＞Cr＞As＞Pb．Based on the national standards for maximum levels of heavy metal contaminants in foods（GB 2762-2005），the environmental critical values in the vegetable field were calculated as Cd 1.18 mg?kg-1，Pb 401.93 mg?kg-1，As 25.67 mg?kg-1，Cr 150.71 mg?kg-1，and the critical values of soil available heavy metal were calculated as Cd 0.64 mg?kg-1，As 3.05 mg?kg-1，Cr 4.93 mg?kg-1．The content of Hg in edible parts of flowering cabbage used in the experiment were lower than the criterion．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 83-90 [Abstract] ( 1290 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 356KB] ( 676 )
91 Comparison of Several Methods Applied to Rejuvenate Cordyceps militaris（L.）link
XIA Shu-chun1，WANG Xue-wu2，ZHENG Chang-ying1，YAN Hong-hai1*
Strain degeneration is a key problem occurred in Cordyceps militaris（L.）link cultivation．In this study，four rejuvenation methods including isolation of ascospores，conidia，silkworm chrysalis and substrate mycelium were used．And the growth rate of mycelia，color changing speed and formation of stroma were investigated．The results indicated that two methods including isolation of ascospores and silkworm chrysalis had remarkable effects on rejuvenation．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 91-93 [Abstract] ( 1197 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 197KB] ( 2168 )
94 A New Bitter Gourd F1 Hybrid —‘Zaobai No.1’
TANG Zu-jun，KUANG Cheng-bing，ZHAN Cheng-bo，SU Lin
‘Zaobai No.1’is a new bitter gourd F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line 9925-5-7-11-2-25 with 9903-1-3-4-3-4．Its main vine is 3.5-4.0 m in length．The space between nodes is 7-10 cm．It has strong growth and branching vigor． Its leaves are green in color．The first female flower sets at the 9th nodes．It takes about 60 days from field planting to harvest．It matures 3-5 days earlier than ‘Chengdudabaikugua’and is of early maturity．The commercial product is white in color with noodles lump and of long cylinder shape．The fruit is about 35 cm in length，and the fruit setting ability is strong．The single fruit weight is about 250 g．The fruit tastes fragrance and slightly bitter with less coarse fibre，high quality and good commercial character．It can yield about 12.75 t?hm-2 and its total yield is about 30 t?hm-2．Its powdery mildew mobidity extent in field is lower than the contrast‘Chengdudabai- kugua’．It is suitable for cultivation in open and protected fields in spring at the Yangzi River valley by fix-planting 27 000-33 000 plants?hm-2．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 94-96 [Abstract] ( 1068 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 226KB] ( 467 )
97 A New Dwarf Snap Bean Variety —‘Hacaidou No. 12’
YE Yong-liang，LIU Da-jun，YANG Ren-jian，FENG Guo-jun*
‘Hacaidou No. 12’is a new dwarf snap bean developed by crossing dwarf snap bean 96-9 as female parent and‘Zihuayoudou’as male parent after 6 generations’consecutive pedigree breeding. It is early-maturing and takes about 55 days from sowing to harvest．Its plant height is 50 cm．It has many branches with strong growth vigor．Its flowers are white in color with green tender pods．Its pod shape is flat stripe．Its pod length is 13.5 cm，pod width is 2.2 cm．Its surface is of meat quality．Its appearance has good commercial property．It has typical quality of North-east oil bean．Its resistance to anthrax is much stronger than that of‘Hacaidou No. 5’．It can yield about 15 t?hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in protected and open fields in Heilongjiang Province．
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 97-99 [Abstract] ( 1053 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 315KB] ( 578 )
100 A New Leaf-edible Mustard Cultivar —‘Yonggao No. 2’
WANG Yu-hong，REN Xi-liang，HUANGFU Wei-guo，MENG Qiu-feng，HE Feng，YANG Ming-gui
‘Yonggao No. 2’is a new leaf-edible mustard cultivar（Brassica juncea var. integlifolia）separated from Japanese‘Sanchichisuomian’and bred by systematic selection．Its growing period is about 190 days．Its plant is semi-upright type．It has entire leaves with corrugated surface，luster，little wax powder，and without setae．The color of front nervation is amaranth．The largest leaf is about 54 cm in length，28 cm in width，6 cm in leafstalk width，11 cm in midrib width and 1 cm in leaf rib thickness．It has good processing character．It is tolerant to cold with strong winterness．The single plant weight is about 1.5 kg．It can yield about 75 t?hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in the Yangtze River valley，Southern China and Southwest China.
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 100-102 [Abstract] ( 1133 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 213KB] ( 550 )
103 A New Fresh Sweet Corn F1 Hybrid —‘Tianxian No. 1’
XIE Jun-xian，NIU Xiu-qun*
‘Tianxian No. 1’is an early maturing F1 hybrid sweet corn，bred by crossing inbred-line B9 as female parent and inbred-line Z51 as male parent．Its ear is cylindrical，21.3 cm in length．There were 14-16 rows in ear．And one hundred fresh kernels per ear is 45.6 g．The kernels are white when harvested．The soluble sugar content is 10.06%．It has good quality．In spring sowing it takes 84 days from seeding to harvesting fresh ear．In summer sowing，it takes 72 days．Its common yield is 16.5 t?hm-2，and it is suitable for cultivation in Northern China.
2012 Vol. 1 (12): 103-105 [Abstract] ( 1130 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 196KB] ( 603 )
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2012 Vol. 1 (12): 106-106 [Abstract] ( 686 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 156KB] ( 490 )
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