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Current Issue
2012 Vol.1 Issue.2,
Published 2012-01-15
1
Research Progresses in Application of Artificial Supplement Light Source in Greenhouse Vegetable Production
XIE Jing，LIU Hou-cheng*，SONG Shi-wei，SUN Guang-wen，CHEN Ri-yuan
In recent years，in order to overcome the light deficiency in greenhouse，supplemental lighting is used to improve illumination condition in greenhouse．This paper expounds the research progresses in application of artificial supplement light source in greenhouse vegetable production，including the characteristics of artificial lighting（traditional artificial light and LED light source）and its application in greenhouse vegetable production. It also wraps up the effect of light quality on vegetable growth，development and quality．The paper lays its emphasis on introducing the progress made in interlighting application in greenhouse vegetable production，and prospects the application of LED light and interlighting in greenhouse vegetable cultivation.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 1-7 [
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Research Progress on Molecular Regulation of Flowering-time in Brassica Vegetables
SONG Ming，XU Jun-qiang，TANG Qing-lin*，GE Wen-dong，WANG Zhi-min
Flowering is an important trait of Brassica vegetables，there are 4 pathways to control flowering：vernalization pathway，photoperiod pathway，gibberellin pathway and autonomous path- way．Although these 4 pathways have different gene regulatory networks，at last gather-together to the same integrator eventually．This paper refers to Arabidopsis thaliana L. to review the molecular mechanisms of key gene FLC in vernalization and autonomous pathways，CO in photoperiod pathway and gibberellin pathway in Brassica vegetables．It also analyzes the regulating functions of the key genes in flowering signal integrators and discusses about the prospects of future research works，according to the present research status．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 8-16 [
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Effects of Different Genotypes Eggplant Anthers Endogenous Hormones Levels and Temperature Treatments on Its Contents
ZHANG Yu-miao1，CHEN Yu-hui1，XU Han2，LIU Fu-zhong1，HU Hong1*，LIAN Yong1*
In different temperature treatments（untreatment，4 ℃/2 d，4 ℃/2 d+36 ℃/6 d）7 genotypes belonging to dedifferentiational（DD）and non-dedifferentiational（ND）genotypes，were screened of endogenous IAA，GA3，ZR and ABA contents in eggplant（Solanum melongena L.）anthers．The results indicated that the DD genotypes anthers showed higher levels of IAA，GA3 and ABA than that of the ND genotypes，and lower levels of ZR than that of the ND genotypes．After low temperature treatment（T2），in DD genotypes，IAA contained higher content and maintatined the same level with CK|whereas in ND genotypes IAA，GA3 and ABA contents rose significantly．With variation temperature treatment（T3），in DD genotypes IAA content lowered down slightly|GA3 and ABA contents fell down sharply．Whereas in ND genotypes IAA，GA3 contents rose significantly|but ABA content lowered down significantly．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 17-20 [
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21
Analysis of Combining Abilities of Some Agronomically Traits of 4xMtCMS and F1 in Pakchoi
KONG Yan-e1，2，HAN Ye-fei1，ZHANG Shu-ning1*，LI Jun-xing1，LIU Hui-ji1
15 crossing combinations are made by 4xMtCMS and 5 parents of pakchoi〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee〕with the method of complete diallel cross（half mating design）．The result shows that 16 agronomical characters are controlled by the additive gene effect，dominance effect and interaction effect．And among 6 parents 07P-10 is a best parent，as it has highest general combining ability．It is excellent parent materials for the most of traits．The sterile lines 07P-2 is a better parent for quality genetic improvement research in autotetraploid pakchoi．The analysis of SCA effects show that the SCA effects of different characters in the same parent are obviously different，so does the same character in different parents．According to the comprehensive performance of the SCA effects，07P-2×07P-7 and 07P-2×07P-10 have application of great value because they include sterile lines 07P-2．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 21-24 [
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25
Histological Structure Observation on Fruit Development of Melon
LIANG Shi-cai，CONG Hong-zi，YU Xi-yan*
We observed the histological structure of melon（Cucumis melo L.）fruit development by paraffin section method．The results indicated that the exocarp of melon was composed of epidermis，stomatal apparatus and epidermis hair．The cleavage of the exocarp cells is mainly in vertical direction to make fruit expand during young fruit growth．With fruit development，there are some substances containing xylogen filled in the spaces of epidemis cells and there is a quite thick cuticle layer formed on the surface of epidermis．Melon mesocarp can be divided into outer mesocarp including parenchyma cells and elongation cells and inner mesocarp composed of spongy tissue and vascular bundle．Mesocarp cells arrange close and the size and appearance of all cells have no big differences at the young fruit stage．The cleavage of mesocarp cell becomes slow and the cell volume is larger and larger as the fruit develops．When the fruit is maturing，the walls of some cells in the inner mesocarp break up and cells inoculate each other．The cellulose，a component of cell wall begins to dissolve，and finally，the fruit becomes soft and mature.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 25-29 [
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Agronomic Traits Investigation and POD Isozyme Analysis of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Hongcaitai〔Brassica campestris L.ssp．chinensis（L．）Makino var．utilis Tsen et Lee〕
SHAO Ming-zhu，XU Yue-jin*，WAN Zheng-jie，DENG Shuang
Agronomic traits investigation and POD isozyme analysis in new tape of cytoplasmic male sterility of Brassica napus L.（EruCMS），Hongcaitai〔Brassica campestris L. ssp．chinensis（L.）Makino var．utilis Tsen et Lee〕maintainer line and their hybrid dysgenesis were carried out．The results showed that there were no differences in plant forms of the three，but there were very significantly differences in floral organ traits．Flower and flower bud were the organs with the largest differences among the 3 lines in POD bands and POD activity|while leaf，young stem and petioles had no distinctive differences．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 30-35 [
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36
Effects of Boron Content in Nutrient Solution on Photosynthetic Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Garlic
ZHANG Tao，LIU Shi-qi*，SUN Qi，CHEN Xian，MENG Fan-lu
Effects of different boron levels on photosynthetic characteristics，fresh weight，dry weight and qualities of‘Cangshansuan’（Allium sativum L.）were studied by nutrient solution．The results showed that the photosynthetic pigment contents，photosynthetic parameter（Pn，E，Gs）in leaf laminas firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of boron concentration．It reached maximum while boron content was 1.0 mg?L-1．Meanwhile，the content of soluble sugar，soluble protein，VC，free amino acids and allicin in garlic bolt and bulb were 71.33% and 59.20%，47.91% and 131.79%，50.02% and 68.71%，62.80% and 38.83%，57.69% and 50.94% higher than the treatment of 0 mg?L-1 boron concentration．And on this concentration，the dry and fresh weights of bulb and bolt were 194.90% and 156.20%，130.89% and 121.84% higher than that of the treatment of 0 mg?L-1 boron concentration.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 36-40 [
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41
Response of Cauliflower Seed Vigor，Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Seedling Photosynthetic Pigment to NaCl Stress
ZHU Shi-yang，ZHANG Xiao-ling，LUO Tian-kuan，LIU Qing，TANG Zheng，JING Zan-ge
The seed vigor，antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic pigment of cauliflower （Brassica oleracea L．var．botrytis L.）‘Yinnong 70 tian’were studied under NaCl stresses with concentration as 0，34，68，102，136，170，204 mmol?L-1．It was found that the seed germination percentage，germination energy，germination index，Chla/Chlb and Car/Chl ratio were reduced linearly under NaCl stresses，while malondialdehyde（MDA）content was just the opposite with NaCl stress．The parabola curves in superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity，seedling fresh and dry weight，Chla，Chlb，Chl and Car contents were observed with increasing NaCl stresses and the highest values were obtained under 68-136 mmol?L-1 NaCl stresses|while pattern of the relative ratio of salt disease was the opposite and the lowest value was obtained under 34 mmol?L-1 NaCl stress．The patterns of the peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）activities were displayed different response to salt stresses．Specially，the activities of POD and CAT increased under moderate salty stress，while decreased under severe stress（204 mmol?L-1）．It was suggested that the relative ratio of salt stress（136 mmol?L-1），SOD，POD，CAT activities and Chla，Chlb，Chl and Car contents were sensitive indicators that could effectively reflect the response pattern of the physiological and biochemical activities of cauliflower seeds under NaCl stress，but the germination percentage，germination energy，germination index，Chla/Chlb and Car/Chl ratios could not．For cauliflower seeds，the 102-136 mmol?L-1 NaCl was the threshold at which the negative effect of salt stress on seed vigor and some physiological and biochemical characteristics．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 41-47 [
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48
Effects of MeJA Treatment on Endogenous Hormone Level and Enzyme Activity Related to Lignin Synthesis in Bamboo Shoots（Phyllostachys praecox）during Cold Storage
WANG Kai-tuo，TANG Li，LI Jing，XING Xue-ying
The effects of different concentrations MeJA treatments on endogenous hormone level and lignin metabolism related enzyme activity in cold-stored bamboo shoots（Phyllostachys praecox）were investigated in this study to highlight the mechanisms for alleviating flesh leatheriness．The results exhibited that the 10 μmol?L-1 MeJA treatment could effectively regulate the endogenous hormone GA3，ABA and ethylene contents，maintain the balance between the changing GA3 and ABA contents，and at the same time inhibit the activity increase in PAL，CAD，4-CL，POD and PPO．Finally the lignin biosynthesis was remarkably inhibited，the higher extractable juice rate was maintained and the firmness increase in cold-stored bamboo shoots was delayed．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 48-54 [
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55
Effects of Different Covering Materials on Growth and Microclimate Environment of Gynura divaricata（L.）DC. in Tropical Summer
YANG Xiao-feng，LI Jing-song*，YANG Mu，HUANG Zhi，XU Ru-yi
Using white insect-proof net，black insect-proof net and sun-shading net，we compared and studied the yield，quality，environmental factors of Gynura divaricata（L.）DC．The results showed that the quality and chlorophyll content were improved obviously，while the temperature and light intensity of greenhouse were reduced，the nitrate content was also decreased，the quality and growth of Gynura divaricata（L.）DC．were improved under sun-shading net cultivation．The comprehensive analysis shows that sun-shading net can be extended and applied in protected cultivation of Gynura divaricata（L.）DC．in summer at tropical areas.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 55-59 [
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60
Effects of Grafting on Eggplant Growth，Pesticide Residues and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities after Appling Chlorothalonil
ZHOU Bao-li，GAO Ping，YE Xue-ling，WANG Hui-chao，WANG Fan-yu，XU Wei-li
The commonly grown eggplant（Solanum melongena L．）cultivar‘Xi’anlvqie’was used as scion．It was grafted with eggplant rootstock（Solanum torvum）．Pesticide residues in fruit and growth index and antioxidant enzyme activities of grafted eggplants and self-rooted eggplants under the conditions of 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times liquid application were assayed．The results showed that pesticide residues in fruit to grafted eggplants declined 32.07%-100.00% than the self-rooted control．The plant height，stem diameter，fresh weight of aboveground，fresh weight of root，root activity，proline content（Pro），peroxidase（POD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase（PAL）activity of grafted eggplants were all higher than the self-rooted control by 3.82%-24.70%，3.05%-22.47%，11.97%-25.83%，30.95%-57.45%，46.43%- 79.41%，14.93%-40.08%，24.36%- 42.99%，17.09%-39.15%，12.60%- 45.44%，respectively．The relative conductivity and malondialdehyde（MDA）content were lower comparing with the control by 24.31%-52.22% and 22.65%-39.41%，respectively．Therefore，grafting has physiologically increased eggplant in vivo relevant resistance，thus reduced the pesticide residues in eggplant fruit．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 60-65 [
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66
Inhibitory Effects of Garlic Extracts and Root Exudates on Three Soil- borne Pathogens
ZHANG Wan-ping，ZHAO Li
The effects of root exudates of purple and white garlic（Allium sativum L.）at different seedling ages，including different concentrations of aqueous garlic extract and the ethyl acetate extract on pepper Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsic，strawberry gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea and tomato bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanncearum Smith were investigated．The best inhibitory effects were found using the root exudates of 20-30 d purple and white garlic on all 3 soil-borne pathogens．While 5.00 mg?mL-1 of purple garlic water extract can completely inhibite the pepper Phytophthora blight and the colony growth of strawberry gray mold．Higher concentration of water extract from white garlic，e.g．20.00 mg?mL-1 is needed to exert the same effect．On the other hand，the minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC）of ethyl acetate extract from purple garlic can inhibit completely the pepper Phytophthora blight and the strawberry gray mold with 5.00 mg?mL-1 and 2.50 mg?mL-1，respectively．However，the higher concentration of the ethyl acetate extract from white garlic at 10.00 mg?mL-1 and 20.00 mg?mL-1，respectively are required to inhibit the 2 pathogens to the same extent as by purple garlic．20.00 mg?mL-1 of ethyl acetate extracts from 2 garlic varieties are required to suppress tomato bacterial wilt.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 66-71 [
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72
Seedling Identification Method of Resistance to Cucumber Black Spot and Variety Resistance Evaluation
LI Shu-ju，WANG Hui-zhe*，YANG Rui-huan，GUAN Wei
Black spot is one of the most severe diseases affecting cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）production．It is an essential step to set up a methodology for artificial seedling identification of cucumber resistance to black spot in disease resistance breeding．Pycnoconidia spore suspension with concentration 1×107-2×107 per mL was used as identification method of resistance to cucumber black spot．The spore suspension was sprayed on to the seedlings with 1 or 2 true leaf，and incubated at 22 ℃ in growth chamber under humid conditions for 48 hours and keeping relative humidity 100%，then kept in the condition（day 28-30 ℃，night 20 ℃，13 hours light per day，11 hours in dark for 5-15 days）before being evaluated by scoring the disease-lesion on each plant leaf．The inoculation results showed that 10 accessions were high resistant and 8 accessions were mid-resistant to black spot．D9 and W3 were high resistant varieties and 3-1，LW11，BA74，A8674 were resistant varieties to black spot．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 72-74 [
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75
Evaluation on Effects of Several Technical Measures for Controlling Pepper Root-knot Nematode
WANG San-yong，HUANG Wei-ming，WANG Hui-fang，XIAO Tong-bin，FU Mei-ying，CHEN Mian-cai*
9 technical measures were tested for controlling pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）root-knot nematode in a serious outbreak pepper field．The results showed that the controlling effects of non-host corn rotation，90 kg?hm-2 PsbA DP and 63 kg?hm-2 paecilomyces lilacinus treatments after 120 days on J2 of pepper root-knot nematode were 50.66%，67.54% and 71.47%，respectively．The root-knot nematode controlling effects were 44.31%，70.81% and 73.99% after drugs applied，respectively．The chemical insecticide 22.5 kg?hm-2 fosthiazate GR treatment was the best with 83.12% of J2 controlling effect and 85.73% of root-knot nematode controlling effect.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 75-78 [
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79
Trapping Effect of Different Food Baits Attractant on Bactrocera （Zeugodacus）cucuribitae（Coquillett）in Bitter Melon Park
LI Guo-ping，LIU Feng，CHANG Jin-mei，ZHAO Yan-long，HE Yan-biao，ZHAN Ru-lin*
In order to study the Bactrocera（Zeugodacus）cucuribitae（Coquillett）trapping effect in bitter melon（Momordica charantia L.）park，different food bait ingredients including honey，red sugar，peptone，pumpkin were compared in the field test．The results showed that by adding pumpkin bait to red sugar or honey bait，the trap effect was significantly higher than the other baits，and this difference is more obvious in the bitter gourd park．Within 3%-10% range，the higher is the concentration of red sugar，the stronger the trapping effect．But adding 5%，10%，15% red sugar liquid to pumpkin bait，there are no differences on the role of luring adult．In the field use，fresh bait must be timely replaced.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 79-82 [
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Studies on Integrated Technology for Controlling Chinese Cabbage Clubroot
ZHOU Yi1，YANG Ting-xian1，ZHAO Yu-chao2，YANG Pei1
Clubroot severely influences the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson〕．In addition，the pathogen of clubroot，may infect other plants of the family Cruciferae．The experiment studied the integrated technology for controlling Chinese cabbage from seedling，cultivation，field management etc．The integrated technology includes adding biocontrol bacteria in substrate，different medicament disinfection treatments on nursery substrate and field planting soil．The results showed that adding endophytic Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus azotofixans with 1×108 CFU per seedling and 50% fluazinam OF to disinfect the field soil（4 500 mL?hm-2）in nursery substrate for controlling Chinese cabbage clubroot．The relative control effects were more than 85%．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 83-86 [
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Preliminary Identification of Pathogen Causing Eggplant Powdery Mildew in Xichang District and Its Conidia Germination Characteristics
ZHANG Yan
The pathogen of eggplant powdery mildew in Xichang district，Sichuan province was identified and the characteristics of conidial germination was studied．The results indicated that the conidial of pathogen causing eggplant powdery mildew in Xichang district was single birth．The top of the primary conidia was cuspate，（65.44-84.98）μm×（17.31-22.09）μm by size．The secondary one was cylindrical，（69.92-83.32）μm×（15.82-21.53）μm by size．Conidiophores were unbranched，with 2-4 cells and 102.59-179.50 μm in length．Chasmothecia was not observed．The pathogen was initially identified as Oidiopsis tropaeoli（Berger.）．Conidia germination characteristics study indicated that the optimum temperature for germination was 25 ℃，and the lethal temperature for conidia was 54 ℃．Conidia could germinate while the relative humidity was above 90%，but under 100% moisture condition the germination rate was the highest. Light had inhibitory effect on conidia germination.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 87-92 [
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Controlling Effect of Different Preservatives on Virus-free Potato Plantlets Contamination
KANG Ping-zhi1，ZHANG Li-rong1，SHEN Rui-qing1*，GUO Cheng-jin1，ZHAN Hong2
The control effects of 3 preservatives on virus-free potato（Solanum tuberosum L.）plantlets contamination were studied by calcium propionate，sodium dehydroacetate and potassium sorbate．The results showed that potassium sorbate had the best controlling effect on virus-free potato plantlets contamination．Its contamination rate was 0 in the 0.18 g?L-1 concentration level，and had no influence on the growth of virus-free potato plantlets．Its continuous effect is strong，and is regard as the best antibacterial agent concentration．Sodium dehydroacetate showed obvious control effect on virus-free potato plantlets contamination in 0.05-0.09 g?L-1 concentration level．Its contamination rate was 0-10%，but the growth of virus-free potato plantlets was inhibited．The controlling effect of calcium propionate on virus-free potato plantlets contamination was the worst．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 93-96 [
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A New Mid-early Maturity Hot Pepper F1 Hybrid —‘Jingshuo No.3’
DING Hai-feng1，WANG Chao-lian1*，LIAO Yuan2，WU Li-ya1，LI Quan3，ZHANG Tao1，XIA Yang1
Jingshuo No.3’ is a new mid-early maturity hot pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing 01M67 as maternal line and 02Y32 as paternal line．The plant has strong growth vigor and most of the first flower sets on the 9th node．Its fruit is of long-conical shape with glossy skin，red matured fruit．Its fruit is 17.0-20.0 cm in length，5.0-6.0 cm in diameter．Its green immature fruit turns dark red at maturity．The average single fruit weight is 90.0-140.0 g．It tastes hot and with good quality．It has great continuous fruit setting ability．It can yield about 77.7 t?hm-2．It is suitable for protected or open field cultivation.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 97-99 [
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A New Tomato F1 Hybrid with Resistance to TYLCV —‘Xinong 2011’
LI Ji-gang，LIANG Yan*，YAN Jian-min，ZHENG Xu-xiang，SUN Ya-dong
‘Xinong 2011’is a new tomato F1 hybrid using inbred line R015 as female parent and R019 as male parent．It is a mid-early maturing variety．It is a tomato hybrid with interdetermined growth type and high fruit-setting ability．The fruit is round in shape and pink in color．The average fruit weight is 260-280 g．Its VC content is 180.4 mg?kg-1，soluble solid content is 6.5%，total sugar content is 4.10%．Its fruit is hard and tolerant to storage and transportation．It has stronger resistance to TYLCV and Fusarium wilt than‘Jinpeng No.1’．The yield of 4 inflorescences per plant is 112.5 t?hm-2．It is suitable for protected cultivation in sunlight greenhouse，plastic tunnel during autumn，winter and early-spring.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 100-103 [
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A New Fuling Red-core Radish F1 Hybrid —‘Yanzhihong No.1’
LV Fa-sheng，TAN Ge-xin，TAO Hong-ying，ZENG Xiao-xia，HE Xiao-rong，LUO Yong-tong，GOU Zhi-qin
Fuling red-core radish is a local variety，which is an unique kind of Chinese radish（Raphanus sativus L. var. longinnatus Bailey），famous for its rich natural pigments-radish red pigment，red pheromone and red core．‘Yanzhihong No.1’is a new F1 hybrid developed by crossing a CMS line 3526A as female parent and 09S77 as male parent．It matures about 120 days after sowing．Its leaves are green，rigid and flat，with small amount of fuzzs and little wrinkles．Its succulent root is gourd-shaped and red in color．The pigment content is about 16.4‰．The average yield is about 24.0 t?hm-2．It is especially suitable for extracting natural pigment—radish red pigment and be ate as pickled vegetable.
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 104-106 [
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A New Open Field Cucumber F1 Hybrid —‘Beijing 403’
MAO Ai-jun，ZHANG Feng，ZHANG Li-rong，WANY Yong-jian
‘Beijing 403’is a new open field cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing excellent inbred line 96-Ch4 as female parent and 96-55 as male parent．It is resistant to downy mildew，powder mildew，cucumber mosaic virus，and tolerant to high temperature．The plant has strong growth vigor．It bears fruits mainly in main stem．The first female flower appears in the 5th-7th node．The fruit is crisp and sweet with white spine and straight bar．The fruit is about 33 cm in length and 200-250 g in weight．Its total yield is 60.0-78.0 t?hm-2 in open field cultivation in spring and summer．It has been extended in Beijing，Hebei，Liaoning，Shoanxi，Shaanxi area．It is suitable for cultivation in open field in north China and partial areas of southern China in spring．
2012 Vol. 1 (2): 107-109 [
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