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Current Issue
2011 Vol.1 Issue.20,
Published 2011-10-15
1
Application of SSR Marker Technology in Potato Genetic Breeding
LI Jian-wu
The SSR molecular marker technology developed on the basis of PCR has the merits of codominance，high polymorphism，good reproducibility，good stability and simple operation．The fundamental principle and characteristic of SSR molecular marker technology is briefly introduced in this paper，while the emphasis were laid on development of SSR primer，identification of potato varieties，construction of genetic map，mapping of quantitative trait loci and molecular marker-assisted selection. Then，future application of SSR marker in potato was prospected．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 1-8 [
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9
Research Progress on Flowering Chinese Cabbage Breeding in Guangdong Province
LI Guang-guang，ZHANG Hua，HUANG Hong-di，QIAO Yan-chun，ZHENG Yan-song
The flowering Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Makino var. utilis Tsen et Lee〕breeding in Guangdong Province adopted the following breeding methods：systematic breeding，mutation breeding，heterosis utilization，tissue culture，molecular marker-assisted selective breeding，and resistance and quality breeding．Each method has got some varieties with target traits．But the application of distant hybridization，haploid culture and genetic engineering to create new flowering Chinese cabbage resources still need further study.
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 9-14 [
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1256
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15
Field Resistance Evaluation of Cucumber Core Collection to Powdery Mildew
CHENG Jia-qi，SHEN Di*，LI Xi-xiang，SONG Jiang-ping，WANG Hai-ping，QIU Yang
In the condition of natural powdery mildew，resistance evaluation experiments of 263 core collections of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）germplasm resources to powdery mildew were conducted at adult stage in spring and autumn，respectively．Results revealed that 52 germplasm resources，accounting for 19.8% of all resources，expressed 3 resistant grade including I（immunity），HR（high resistance）and R（resistance），and 183 germplasm representing 69.6% of all collections exhibited S（susceptibility）or HS（high susceptibility）in spring．The germplasm number of these 2 groups showed above in autumn was 75 and 125，accounting for 28.5% and 47.5%，respectively．With comparison of evaluation results in different seasons，it indicated that 83 germplasm were classified to same resistance level and the percentage of resistance stability was 31.6%．140 germplasm resources expressed higher resistance grade in autumn than in spring，while 40 germplasm showed the opposite trend．Results of variance analysis revealed that the resistance difference of both different germplasm and the same germplasm in 2 seasons reached extremely significant level．Through repeat resistance evaluations in different seasons，14 homozygous cucumber germplasm resources with high resistance to powdery mildew were screened out．The above results could be useful for exploiting elite resistant genes to powdery mildew and applied in cucumber resistance breeding.
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 15-19 [
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1042
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20
Evaluation of Major Agronomic Traits and Heat Tolerance of Lettuce Germplasm Resources
CHEN Qing-jun，HAN Ying-yan，GU Jian-tian，FAN Shuang-xi*
In 2 environment conditions of open field and greenhouse，in spring and summer 2 cultivation seasons，the agronomic traits of 110 accessions of lettuce（Lactuca sativa L.）germplasm were investigated．At the same time，the heat tolerance was evaluated by the center column length，number of bolting days and the index of heat injury．The results showed that the leaves traits of no-heading lettuce tip，leaf shape，leaf color，plant height，petiole length，stem thickness，plant weight and fresh-cut vegetables weight all varied greatly，showing that the no-heading lettuce bears great potential in germplasm variation and innovation ability．Heading lettuce varieties have a higher similarity．Only in the petiole thick，rosette leaves，fresh-cut vegetables weight（head weight），there is a big variation．In early summer，the no-heading lettuce bolts 12-36 days earlier than the spring，and the heading lettuce bolts 18-38 days earlier．In greenhouse under strong high temperature stress，the no-heading lettuce bolts further ahead of schedule，and 82% of them bolt within 10 days，showing sensitivity to high temperature．Some heading lettuce varieties die of heat injury．The heat injury index can accurately reflect the heat tolerance between varieties of heading lettuce．The number of bolting days，center column length and single plant weight，head weight，leaf /shape ratio，etc. show remarkable correlation. They are also important indicators to evaluate the heat tolerance of lettuce．In spring greenhouse cultivation，the heat tolerance of lettuce germplasm resources are preferably evaluated by heat injury index and the number of bolting days．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 20-27 [
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28
IGS-RFLP Analysis of Powdery Mildew on Cucurbits in Heilongjiang Province
WEI Zun-miao，WANG Xue-zheng，GAO Peng，LUAN Fei-shi*
Intergenic spacer（IGS） was analyzed for 16 strains of powdery mildew using universal primers，which collected from melon，cucumber，pumpkin and watermelon on cucurbits in various regions of Heilongjiang Province．The results showed that there were length heterogeneity and polymorphism on IGS．IGS-RFLP digested by MspⅠ，AsuⅠand Hin p1Ⅰshowed that digest sites varied from the strains with profile polymorphism．The IGS-RFLP profile could become distinctive DNA fingerprint for strains．On the basis of IGS1-RFLP data analyzed by software NTSYS-PC，the similarity coefficient varied from 0.460 0 to 0.800 0，the isolates were clustered into 3 groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.60．No obvious association was found between DNA polymorphism and pathogen races differentiations as identified by biological tests on cucurbitaceae，also no association was found between the genetic diversity and any other of parameter tested：geographic，host origin or greenhouse type.
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 28-33 [
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34
Physiological Changes before and after Leaf Color Transition in the Bolting Process of Chinese Cabbage
HAN Dan-ping1，LI Chun-gang1，2，ZHANG Yao-wei1*
Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L. ssp．pekinensis（Lour.）Olsson〕shows leaf color transition during the period from vernalization to bolting. After the change it will bud and then bolting，flowering．This phenomenon is particularly prominent in early-bolting species．In present study，Chinese cabbage cultivars of late-bolting and early-bolting were used to investigate the physiological changes during leaf color transition in the bolting process．The results revealed that there were some correlations between leaf color transition and the hormones，pigment content and protein composition．The content of chlorophyll（a/b），IAA and GA3 reached their peak in bolting process，the stem initiates elongation growth after leaf color is changed．The changes of leaf color are physiological signal in Chinese cabbage bolting．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 34-38 [
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39
Effect of Tsugae Bark，Corn Straw and Compost on Tomato Root-knot Nematode Disease Prevention and Soil Microbes
WEN Dan1，GONG Biao1，GUO Wen-xiu1，WANG Yu-fei1，YU Wen-juan1，SHI Qing-hua1，2，WANG Xiu-feng1，2*
Under sunlight greenhouse cultivation，we study the effect of composted tsugae bark and composted corn straw on tomato（Ｌycopersicon esculentum Mill.）growth，yield，root-knot nematode disease incidence and soil microbes．The results indicate that composted tsugae bark and corn straw are effective，to some extent，against tomato root-knot nematode disease，and the mixture of composted tsugae bark and corn straw has the best effect．Meanwhile，the use of various compost can increase tomato biomass and the amount of soil microbes．By pertinence analysis we conclude that there exists negative correlation between root-knot nematode number and microbe amount. This indicates that microbe variety has control effect on root-knot nematode.
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 39-44 [
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45
Effect of Grafting on Eggplant Growth and Activities of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes under Different Nitrogen Application Levels
ZHOU Bao-li，ZHAO Ying，LI Xing-bao，CHEN Zhi-xia，DU Liang，ZHENG Ji-dong
The commonly grown eggplant（Solanum melongena L.）cultivar‘Xi’anlvqie’was used as scion. It was grafted with eggplant rootstock（Solanum torvum）．Growth and nitrogen metabolism enzymes activity of grafted eggplants and self-rooted eggplants were determined under 6 different nitrogen concentration（0，7.728，15.456，30.912，61.824，123.648 kg•hm-2）and the different growth stages in same nitrogen concentration（30.912 kg•hm-2）．The results showed that under different nitrogen conditions，the plant height，stem diameter，biomass of grafted eggplants were higher than self-rooted control by 9.17%-28.75%，10.90%-26.18%，36.00%-92.83%，and when the nitrogen concentration was 30.912 kg•hm-2 that the difference was at very significant level．Grafting could increase the eggplant nitrate reductase（NR）activity．When the nitrogen concentration was 30.912 kg•hm-2 the glutamine synthetase（GS）activity was the highest value，and grafting could reduce the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase（GDH），but the difference was not significant．After flower budding stage，the plant height，stem diameter and biomass of grafted eggplants was notably higher than that of self-rooted eggplants．NR and GS activities increase with the plant growth，and the grafting eggplant is obviously higher than the self-rooted eggplant．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 45-50 [
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51
Effect of Different Covering Method and Irrigation Amount on Cabbage Water Utilization and Dry Matter Accumulation
LI Juan1，FAN Feng-cui2，SHI Yu-fang2，LI Zhi-hong2*，GAO Li-hong1，LIU Sheng-yao2
In order to study the effect of different covering method and irrigation amount on cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）water utilization and dry matter accumulation，we used conventional irrigation amount of 450 m3•hm-2 time without plastic film mulching as control．The results showed that along with the increase of irrigation amount，the amount of percolation，evaporation and transpiration also increased，among which the amount of percolation and transpiration of the film hole irrigation treatments are larger than without plastic film mulching treatment．At the same time，soil water storage decreased along with the increasing of irrigation water．Dry matter accumulation of cabbage and root dry weight of 0-10 cm and 0-30 cm depth increased and 10-30 cm depth decreased after treatment without plastic film mulching．Dry matter accumulation of cabbage decreased after increasing irrigation amount，but the root dry weight in different layers of soil decreased after decreasing irrigation amount under the treatments of the film hole irrigation．Decreasing irrigation amount reduced the yield， but increased WUE，and the yield and WUE of film hole irrigation treatments were higher than without plastic film mulching treatment．Considering cabbage production and water-saving，300 m3•hm-2 time in conventional irrigation or 150 m3•hm-2 time in film hole irrigation have better efficiency than the others. So it is worthwhile to popularize in vegetable production.
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 51-57 [
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58
Effect of Proline on Heat Tolerance of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee under High Temperature Stress
CAO Yi1，LI Chun-mei2，DENG Yi1，LIU Yong-cong1
Effects of different proline concentrations on heat tolerance of ‘50 tianyouqingcaixin’（Brassica campestris L．ssp．chinensis var．utilis Tsen et Lee）during seedling period and in fields were studied．The result of seedling experiment showed that the heat injury index，leakage of electrolyte in leaves of flower stalk increased continuousely along with the prolonging of high temperature stress．With the treatment of Pro concentration in 150-200 mg•L-1 under 8-12 h high temperature stress，the heat injury index and leakage of electrolyte were reduced obviously．The SOD and POD activities were increased obviously．The result of field experiment showed that the treatment of Pro in 150-200 mg•L-1 could obviously promote the leaf growth，increase leaf area，improve flower stem and root weights，and enhance the contents of soluble sugar，soluble protein and VC．All these results indicated that proline could relieve flower stalk damage by boosting antioxidant activity and maintaining osmotic adjustment ability under high temperature stress．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 58-62 [
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63
Effect of Boron Nutrition on Quality and Enzyme Activity of Amorphophallus
NIU Yi，WANG Qi-jun，ZHANG Sheng-lin，WANG Zhi-min*
Pot-cultured experiments were carried out to study the effects of boron nutrition on dissolubility sugar，konjac glucomannan，starch，protein，superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase （POD），polyphenol oxidase（PPO）activity and malondialdehyde（MDA）of Amorphophallus．The results showed that there was a close relationship between B nutrition and quality，as well as several enzyme activities of Amorphophallus．Suitable boron concentrations could increase contents of dissolubility sugar，konjac glucomannan，starch，soluble protein，activities of SOD and POD，decrease content of malondialdehyde and PPO activity．0.25-0.50 mg•L-1 are best in 6 treatments．After the old replaced by the new，there are extremely obviously difference between dissolubility sugar，konjac glucomannan，starch，soluble protein，MDA，activities of SOD and POD of treatment B2，B3 and that of other treatment．This indicated that suitable boron concentrations could change quality of Amorphophallus and inhibit membrane lipid peroxidation.
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 63-68 [
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69
Effect of Compound Sodium Nitrophenolate and DA-6 on Growth，Yield and Quality of Ginger
YAN Cong，XU Kun*，LI Yun，SONG Xiao-yi
Effect of new plant growth regulator compound sodium nitrophenolate，DA-6 on ginger （Zingiber offcinale Rosc.）growth，yield and quality was studied in field．The results showed that compound sodium nitrophenolate，DA-6 could significantly promote the growth of ginger，but only the roots grew better than the control in early growth period．With the growth of ginger，the fresh weight of various plant organs of ginger applied compound sodium nitrophenolate and DA-6 were notably higher than the control．When harvesting，compared with the control，the plant height of ginger applied compound sodium nitrophenolate，DA-6 was increased by 11.59% and 14.02%，the number of branches increased by 24.59% and 28.69%，yield increased by 18.53% and 22.30%，respectively. But there was no significant difference between the treatments of compound sodium nitrophenolate and DA-6．In addition，the compound sodium nitrophenolate，DA-6 have also increased the contents of rhizome starch，soluble protein and amino acid of ginger by different degrees.
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 69-73 [
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3509
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74
Dynamics of Western Flower Thrips and Its Natural Enemy Categories on Plastic Shed Cultivation Vegetables
HAO Chen-yan1，WANG Xiang-jing1，HOU Wen-jie2，SHI Xiu-zhen2，WU Qing-jun??2*，XU Bao-yun2，ZHANG You-jun2
The dynamics of western flower thrips（WFT）〔Frankliniella occidentalis（Pergande）〕and its natural enemies on plastic shed cultivation vegetables were investigated during spring and autumn seasons in Beijing．The results showed that the population grew slowly on sweet pepper planted in spring season during 30 days after transplanting. But the pest number increased rapidly with the emergence of flowering period and remained at a high level in June．The number of WFT in autumn season sweet pepper was obviously lower than that in spring．The pest preferred to feed in flowers．The observed natural enemies of WFT were ladybirds，lacewings and flower bugs，and the flower bug（Orius spp.）was the dominant insect，which had some control effect to WFT．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 74-78 [
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79
Residue Studies and Safe Application of Flufiprole in Cabbage
YU Jian-lei1，SONG Guo-chun1，LI Rui-juan1，YU Tian-xing2
A field experiment was conducted to reveal residual degradation dynamics and the final residues of flufiprole in cabbage and soil．And its safe application in cabbage was assessed．The results of degradation dynamic test showed that the half-life of flufiprole in soil and cabbage was 2.89-4.41 d and 1.18-1.28 d，respectively．The final residue tests showed that flufiprole 80% WG was sprayed for 2 to 3 successive times at application dose 31.2，46.8 g?hm-2 at 7th，14th and 21st day after the last application．The final residues of flufiprole in cabbage was 0.002 1-0.016 mg?kg-1，which was below the MRLs 0.05 mg?kg-1．Therefore，pre-harvest interval was suggested to be 7 days when flufiprole was applied at recommended dosage for cabbage．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 79-83 [
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84
Effect of Trap Crop on Population of Root-knot Nematode in Soil
DU Hui1，QI Yong-hong1，SHEN Pei-zeng2，ZHANG Guang-rong2，CHEN Shu-long3，LU He-ping1*
Before and after planting 5 trap crops， the population of root-knot nematodes in soil was studied．The results showed that trap crops have obviously reduced the population of root-knot nematodes in soil．Leaf lettuce has highest efficiency．The insect slipping rate is above 60%，respectively. The result of investigation on population of root-knot nematodes of these 5 trap crops showed that the disease occurrence rates were 100%， and the disease index of leaf lettuce， lettuce，rape，Chinese cabbage and spinach were 50.0，29.6，28.4，33.3 and 25.6，respectively.
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 84-87 [
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88
A New Open Field Cucumber F1 Hybrid —‘Beijingxin 401’
MAO Ai-jun，ZHANG Feng，ZHANG Li-rong，WANY Yong-jian
Beijingxin 401’is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing excellent inbred lines 96-Ch5 as female parent and 96-55 as male parent．The fruit is crisp and sweet with white spine and straight bar．The first female flower appears in the 5th-7th node．The fruit is 31-34 cm in length and 200-220 g in weight．Its total yield is 57.0 -67.5 t?hm-2 in open field cultivation in spring and summer．It is resistant to downy mildew，powder mildew，virus and tolerant to high temperature and long day．It is suitable for cultivation in open field in north，northeast，northwest and certain area of south China．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 88-89 [
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90
A New Dry Pepper Variety—‘Qianla No.7’
YANG Hong，JIANG Hong*，TU Xiang-min，ZAN Yong-fa，LIU Chong-zheng，YU Wen-zhang，LAI Wei
‘Qianla No.7’is a new dry pepper F1 hybrid with middle-early maturity，developed by crossing inbred line110 with inbred line 128．It is about 100 days between field planting to red maturity．It is 65-70 cm in plant height，and 60 cm in plant width．Its first flower sets on 11th-14th node. Its fruit is of sheep-horn shape．It is about 10.5-11.0 cm in fruit length，1.4 cm in fruit shoulder diameter，and 3.6-4.1 cm in fruit stalk length．Its average single fruit fresh weight is 6.6-7.5 g，and its dry weight is 1.3 -1.5 g．The average fruit number per plant is about 30-40．The immature fruit is green and ripened fruit is bright red．Its fruit surface wrinkles slightly．The average yield is 3.45 t?hm-2．This variety is suitable for seedling transplantation，and open field cultivation．It is also suitable for dry processing．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 90-92 [
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93
A New Tomato F1 Hybrid —‘Dongnong 714’
ZHANG He，LI Jing-fu，KANG Li-gong，WANG Ao-xue，JIANG Jing-bin，XU Xiang-yang*
Dongnong 714’is a new mid-late maturing tomato F1 hybrid，developed by crossing HN33 as male parent and HN17 as female parent．It is high resistant to ToMV，Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt．Its average fruit is 230-260 g．It is red in color，and of regular shape．It has good commodity character and is good for storage and transportation．Its shelf life is over 18 days．The average yield is 60 t?hm-2 in open field and 150 t?hm-2 in protected field．It is suitable for open and protected field cultivation．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 93-94 [
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95
A New Triploid Melon F1 Hybrid —‘Hatian No.3’
JIN Rong-rong1，2，CHEN Bai-jie2*，WANG Lei1，2，LIU Ying2，HU Hai-jiang2，CAO Hong2
‘Hatian No.3’is a new triploid melon F1 hybrid developed by crossing tetraploid BS-1058 as female parent with diploid 5-12 as male parents．It has mid-early maturity. It is about 68 days from sowing to maturing. It has medium growth and high fruit setting rate. Its average fruit weight is 0.40-0.45 kg．Its matured fruit has yellow white skin，white pulp with cylinder shape．Its average sugar content is 13.5%．Its fruit has no matured seed．It yields over 30 t?hm-2．It is suitable for cultivation in open and protected field in Heilongjiang．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 95-97 [
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98
A New Bolting Tolerance Radish F1 Hybrid—‘Lingyu’
ZHANG Bing-kui，ZHAO Li-min*
‘Lingyu’is a new radish hybrid bred by crossing self-incompatibility line LS21-9 as female parent and LS39-5 as male parent．The growing period is about 60 days．It is tolerant to bolting．The root is of long cylinder shape，with white and smooth skin．It is about 30-35 cm in length，7-8 cm in diameter．The average weight per root is 900-1 000 g．It is resistant to downy mildew，virus disease and black rot similarly to‘Baiyuchun’．It is suitable for greenhouse，plastic tunnel or open field cultivation in early spring as early cultivar．It is also suitable for autumn cultivation．It has been extended to 3 200 hm2 in Shaanxi，Gansu，Henan，Sichuan and Ningxia area.
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 98-100 [
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101
A New Snap Bean Variety —‘Hacaidou No.10’
LIU Da-jun，YE Yong-liang，YANG Ren-jian，FENG Guo-jun*
Hacaidou No.10’is new snap bean and is elite inbred line from crossing ‘Jiangjunyoudou’as female parent and‘Zihuayoudou’as male parent．It is sprawl and early-maturing with strong growth vigor．Its pod is flat in shape with good commodity character．It tastes good and has less fiber．The pod is 22 cm in length and 2.4 cm in width．Its average single pod weight is 25 g．Its growing period is about 60 days．The yield is about 27 t?hm-2．It is strong resistant to anthracnoseand is suitable to be cultured under plastic tunnel and in open field．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 101-103 [
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104
A New Tumorous Stem Mustard Variety —‘Dongzha No.1’
SUN Ji1，WANG Xiao-yan1*，TANG Xiao-Chun2，WANG Bing-liang3，YE Li-yong1，CHEN Shi-jie4
‘Dongzha No.1’is a new tumorous stem mustard variety，bred by systematic selection from‘Ruianxiangluozhong’breed. It is early-maturing，of broad-leaf type，semi-erect，and takes 130-160 days from sowing to harvesting. The plant has strong growth vigor．Its leaves have glossy，wavy，conspicuous white veins．The nodule on stem grows into balls with shallow groove．It can be harvested in mid- January．The index of stem shape is near 0.97. The commodity rate is about 98%．The average stem weigh is about 420 g．Its yield is about 24 t?hm-2．‘Dongzha No.1’is good as fresh-food or processing material，because of its crisp texture and thin skin．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 104-106 [
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107
A New Tumorous Stem Mustard Fl Hybrid —‘Fuza No.7’
HU Dai-wen，ZHOU Guang-fan，GAO Ming-quan，LENG Rong，ZHANG Hong，LI Juan，XIAO Li，WU Chao-jun
‘Fuza No.7’is a new tumorous stem mustard F1 hybrid developed by crossing CMS line 96145-1A as female parent and self line LF as male parent．It is resistant to premature bolting，and has great elasticity for sowing date，strong ecological adaptability．Its tumorous stem is round in shape and has compact plant type．It can be sown in August 20-25（15-20 days earlier than normal）and be harvested in mid November to early December．It is suitable for cultivation in the area with altitude between 600-800 m in Chongqing as an early maturing variety or raw material for processing industry．Its yield is generally 18.0-22.5 t?hm-2 as early cultivation or 37.5-45.0 t?hm-2 as raw processing material．
2011 Vol. 1 (20): 107-109 [
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