This paper summarizes the analysis methods for pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）genetic earliness

characteristics,genetic models,and research progress in genetic characteristics of earliness.In addition,it

also prospects the research trend in the future.

The functions of cell wall hydrolases and extensin on strawberry(Fragaria ananassa Duch.)fruit

ripening and softening were elucidated in this paper.The published genes that encoded relative enzymes or

extensin were depicted and evaluated.The key factors deciding strawberry ripening and softening were

cellulase,pectate lyase and extensin.The approach of enhancing strawberry fruit firmness was mentioned.The

technique of RNA interference could effectively regulate the vital gene and decrease the expression of the

relative enzymes mRNA.

The influences of genotypes,gamma ray doses and dose-rate on the induced haploid embryos obtained

by irradiated pollen with different ray doses were studied in squash(Cucurbita pepo L.).Different embryo

shapes and development stages were found in seeds extracted from fruits cultured in medium E20A.The results

indicated that the rate of plants regeneration and haploid production were strongly influenced by

genotypes,embryo stages and gamma ray doses.The highest percentage of haploid production was 1.30 % for

genotypes 281.Point and arrow-like embryos were more likely to produce haploid plants.Meantime the percent of

point and arrow-like embryos and the numbers of all embryo shapes were the highest when their ray doses were

80-100 Gy.Stick-shape embryo gave the best result,in which the plants regeneration rate and survival

percentage were 83.33 % and 35.71 %,respectively.The optimum dose-rate was 45.19 Gy·min^-1.

To screen spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)varieties which rich in nutrition and low in 

nitrate,tannin and oxalate,the nutritional quality of 34 spinach varieties from different sources were

evaluated by measuring the quality parameters including water content,VC,soluble sugar,crude

fiber,oxalate,tannin and nitrate.Then they were analyzed by means of fuzzy membership function.The results

showed that the quality of different spinach varieties had great differences.Among the varieties evaluated

here,‘Jingbo No.1’exhibited excellent nutrient quality with highest VC content,reaching 601.0 mg·kg^-1

(FW),and least nitrate content.Besides,‘Shengxianfeng’,‘トライ’and‘アソナ’were the best varieties in

comprehensive quality with better promotion prospects for application.

The effects of light intensity and nitrogen supply interaction on growth and yield of tomato

（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）were studied with potted tomato.The results indicated that interaction of

light intensity and nitrogen had significant influence on growth and development of tomato.Tomato leaf area

was promoted by adequate nitrogen supply,240 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen supply was the highest in all

treatments.Shading treatments could promote tomato plant height and leaf area,decrease stem diameter.The

fruit setting rate was increased at first,then decreased with increasing nitrogen application.With same

nitrogen level,70 % natural light intensity had promotive effects,50 % and 30 % natural light intensity had

the opposite effects.Taken the growth and development of tomato into account,240 kg·hm^-2 was the appropriate

nitrogen supply in 100 % and 70 % natural light intensity,120 kg·hm^-2 in 50 % and 30 % natural light

intensity.

The physiological and biochemical indexes were studied in cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）seedlings

grafted on six rootstock varieties and selfrooted cucumbers under NaCl stress of different

concentrations.The results showed that the photosynthetic characteristics(Pn,Gs and Ci),the protective

enzymes(SOD,POD,CAT,APX)activities，the contents of osmotic adjustment substance(Pro,soluble sugar and

soluble protein)in the leaves of the grafted plants were higher than those in the leaves of self-rooted

plants,while the electrotyle leakage and the content of MDA is lower.NaCl resistance of cucumber seedlings

grafted on different rootstocks were different,and the salt tolerance ability is‘Juejinglong’>‘DTT-RS-39’

>‘Modified Huofenghuang’>‘Huofenghuang’>‘Black seed pumpkin’>‘Youqingtaimu’.

Salt tolerance of 14 tomato（Lycopersicon exculentum Mill.）genotypes at seed germination stage and

seedling growth stage were evaluated in this experiment.During germination stage,clustering analysis was

conducted on relative germination trend and relative germination percentage of tomato seed,and 14 tomato

genotypes were divided into two groups.The first group of 5 tomato genotypes held high tolerance to salt

stress,while the other 9 were moderate tolerant.During seedling growth period,clustering analysis was

conducted on salt stress for five indicators including salt injury index,relative electric conductivity of

leaf,relative stem diameter,relative dry weight of stem and leaf,relative dry weight of root.Among the 14

tomato genotypes,4 had strong salt-tolerance and 10 had weak salt-tolerance.The results showed the salt-

tolerance of two tomato growth stages(seed germination stage and seedling growth stage)were not exactly

coherence.

The effects of genotypes and phytohormone(6-BA)were studied by using cucumber（Cucumis

sativus L.）cotyledon nodes as explant in this experiment.The results showed that genotype was one

of the main influencing factors on shoot regeneration frequency,the cotyledon nodes of different

genotypes cultured in the same medium showed different shoot regeneration frequency.Moreover,6-BA

was essential for the regeneration of cotyledon node.The shoot regeneration frequency of material

228,185,65G increased with the increasing concentration of 6-BA,while the shoot regeneration

frequency of‘Sichunbaigua’,‘Jilinhangua’,K2148 decreased along with the increasing

concentration of 6-BA.The highest shoot regeneration frequency happened on‘Sichuanbaigua’,which

reached 6.4 shoots per-explant cultured in MS1(MS+0.5mg·L^-1 6-BA+2.0 mg·L^-1 AgNO₃)medium.

Effects of plant density,pruning way and pollination times on the yields and quality of

F₁ hybrid seeds were studied by orthogonal experiment design of L₉(3⁴),so as to find the optimal

portfolio of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)hybrid seed production techniques under plastic

shed cultivation.The results showed that influencing degree of the three factors on the yields and

quality of tomato seeds were plant density>pollination times>pruning way,and the best combination

could be obtained by density of 3 340 plant per 667 m²,with double-stem pruning and three times

pollination.

Using four pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）varieties with different resistance level to Leveillula taurica(Lev.)Arn.,we studied the activities changes of PAL,β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in leaf tissue.The results showed that the infection of pathogen of powdery mildew induced the increase of activities of PAL,β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase.The increased extents of enzyme activities of PAL andβ-1,3-glucanase in resistant varieties were more than that in susceptible ones.It indicated that the relativity between activities changes of chitinase and

resistant to Leveillula taurica(Lev.)Arn.of pepper was not existing.

The present study was conducted to control cabbage（Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.）

pests with several insecticides of 30 % chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam SC,25 %

chlorantraniliprole SC and 40 % chlorpyrifos EC applied by drenching to seedbeds.The results showed

that 30 % chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam SC had high control effect and longer duration against

diamondback moth（Plutellaxy lostella）and striped flea beetle（Phyllotreta vittata）on cabbage.Ten

days to twentyfive days after transplanting,the control efficacy of 30 % chlorantraniliprole·

thiamethoxam SC was over 89 %,which was equal to 25 % chlorantraniliprole SC by 48.75 g·hm^-2 and

very significantly better than that of other insecticides.Seventy days after transplanting,field

investigations found that different treatments had significant different impacts on cabbage fruit

setting.Among them,the effects of 30 % chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam SC had the lowest cabbage

fruit setting rate.

To evaluate the insect resistance of a new Zizania latifolia variety‘Longjiao No.2’,the

resistence of‘Longjiao No.2’and other two control varieties,‘Suozijiao’and‘Zhejiao 911’to

Chilo suppressalis and Saccharosydne procerus were identified by using surviving rate evaluation

method.The results showed that‘Suozijiao’was susceptible to Saccharosydne procerus,‘Zhejiao 911

’was medium resistant,while‘Longjiao No.2’was resistant，and‘Longjiao No.2’was medium

resistant to Chilo suppressalis among the tested three varieties.The method of low temperature

treatment was used to evaluate the cold tolerance of the three varieties.Result indicated that

‘Longjiao No.2’had better cold tolerance than the control varieties‘Suozijiao’and‘Zhejiao 911

’.

In this paper,the relationship among different agronomic traits of 20 pumpkin（

Cucurbita moschata Duch.）cultivars and their contribution to breeding objectives were analyzed

with gray relational analysis,to identify the effect of different traits on breeding objectives.The

main results were cited as following:firstly,the biggest association degree of agronomic traits

with total yield was the yield per plant,then,followed by weight of single fruit,fruit

diameter,flesh thickness of fruit,nodes of first female flower appearance,inner diameter of

fruit.It consider that yield as a breeding objective should focus on:the yield per plant,weight of

single fruit,fruit diameter,flesh thickness of fruit,and nodes of first female flower

appearance,etc.

‘Dongnong 804’is a new mini-cucumber F₁ hybrid bred by using heterosis breeding.The

female D0420 is strong female inbred line,and the male D0202 is inbred line.It grows vigorously.Its

leaf is dark green and the vine is thick and strong.It bears fruits mainly in its main stem with

high rate of fruit-setting and low rate of branching.It is highly resistant to bacterial augular

leaf spot and Fusarium wilt,resistant to downy mildew and powdery mildew.Its fruit is dark

green,lustrous,22-24 cm in length,about 3 cm in diameter,and 150-180 g in weight.The standard fruit

rate is above 85 %.The length of fruit cavity is below 1/2.It yields 57.0-64.5 t·hm^-2.

‘Chuanjiaoqixing’is a hot pepper F₁ hybrid bred by crossing a cytoplasm male sterile

line E4A with restorer line E34C.The fruit is cone-shape,6-7 cm in length,1.0-1.2 cm in

diameter.The average fruit weight is 4 g.Its tender fruit is green,and mature fruit is bright red

with thick hot fragrance.The yield of fresh red fruits is 27-36 t·hm^-2 and the yield of dehydrated

pepper is 4.5-6.0 t·hm^-2.It is resistant to TMV，CMV and phytophthora capsici.It is suitable for

cultivation in both open and protected fields in early spring.

‘Xingshumibao’is a pumpkin F₁ hybrid of two inbred lines M2 and 15-3.It is resistant to

powdery mildew with mild growth vigor.The first female flower sets at 11th node.Its fruit is about

34 cm in length.The single fruit weight is 3.5 kg with long-bottle gourd shape,orange-yellow skin

and excellent taste quality.Its soluble solid content is 77.5 g·kg^-1.The fruit matures in 40 days

after flowering.Its average yield is about 33 t·hm^-2.It is suitable for cultivation in protected

fields in the Yangtze River Valley.It has been extended to Hunan,Sichuan for 500 hm².

‘Jinqiu’is a new onion F1 hybrid by crossing male-sterile line B2354A with inbred line

3104.It belongs to the type of long-day and mid-late maturity.Its bulb growth period is about 120

days.The bulb is of round shape with yellow color.The average weight of single bulb is 203 g.The

yield is 67.5 t·hm^-2,which is 12.9 % higher than the control‘Kamuyi’.It is suitable for spring

planting in Heilongjiang,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang and Hebei.Its extension area is 1 100 hm².