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Current Issue
2011 Vol.1 Issue.6,
Published 2011-03-15
1
Research Progress on Chinese Cabbage Genetics and Breeding during‘The Eleventh Five-year Plan’of China
ZHANG Shu-jiang;LI Fei;ZHANG Shi-fan;ZHANG Hui;SUN Ri-fei
Research on Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis）genetics and breeding has made great progress in China during‘The Eleventh Five-year Plan’period. Great achievements have been made on its identification and evaluation of germplasm resources, innovation of breeding material, breeding technology, isolated microspore culture and new variety selection, especially on applying molecular marker technology in germplasm diversity, genetic analysis, assistant selection etc. Technology of male sterile breeding has been improved greatly. A number of new varieties has been developed. In this paper the existing problems were analyzed and future research tasks were also prospected.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 1-8 [
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Research Progress in Biological Control Strategies for Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber
PU Zi-jing;;ZHANG Yan-ju*;LIU Dong;DAI Li-ting;WANG Wen-bo
Fusarium wilt is a common disease in cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）culture, which has brought severe loss to agriculture production. In recent years, great progress has been made in controlling this disease by biological control method and a diversified development trend is presented. Bio-control has become an important and effective mean against fusarium wilt in cucumber. This study summarizes the bio-control method for cucumber fusarium wilt both in China and abroad from two aspects of utilizing antagonistic microorganisms and plant allelopathy. It also briefly introduces the functional mechanism of various bio-control factors and the main research achievements, and puts forward suggestions of taking comprehensive consideration according to local condition and developing bio-control strategy to tackle with cucumber fusarium wilt.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 9-14 [
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1498
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Optimization of Genetic Transformation System for Potato Variety‘Desiree’and Obtainment of Transgenic Lines
XIN Cui-hua;;GUO Jiang-bo;HUANG San-wen;QU Dong-yu
The aim of this work was to optimize the transformation system for potato（Solanum tuberosum L.）variety‘Desiree’and to obtain transgenic potato. Explants derived from potato leaves and stems were used as receptor materials to compare transformation efficiency with different time of pre-culture, Agrobacterium tumefaciens content, duration of infection and the proportion of hormones. The results showed that stem was most suitable for the induction of callus and shoots. Stem explants were pre-cultured for 2 days before infection by A. tumefaciens strain Agl-0（OD600=0.5, 10 min）and selected on MS20 containing 1.0 mg?L-1 zeatin-trans（ZT-t）, the highest transformation efficiency was obtained with 80 % of callus induction and 70 % of differentiation. R1, the gene resistant to potato late blight, was introduced into potato through above improved transformation system. PCR analysis to the kanamycin-resistant transformants revealed that R1 gene was integrated into potato genome. Transfer of R1 gene into potatoes had not any impact on agronomic traits compared to the non-transgenic line（CK）and the most transgenic lines had strong resistance to potato late blight verified by inoculation with isolate 89148-9（0）.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 15-21 [
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1568
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Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Sex Type and Lateral Stem Development of Xishuangbanna Cucumber
SHEN Di;LI Xi-xiang;SONG Jiang-ping;WANG Hai-ping;QIU Yang
Xishuangbanna cucumber（Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan）is one variation found only in China until now. Sowed in 8 different months in greenhouse respectively, the sex type and lateral stem of 2 germplasms were detected. The result indicated that the indexes of sex type and lateral stem development of Xishuangbanna cucumber were closely related to temperature and daylight. The development of female flowers and lateral stems of 2 germplasms expressed opposite tendency. Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant, positive association between the first pistillate flower bearing node and average temperature in greenhouse and significantly negative correlation between the percentage of nodes with female flowers to total nodes and total solar radiation. The above analysis showed that Xishuangbanna cucumbers were a kind of germplasm, which was sensible to low temperature and short daylight. The optimum sowing date in the protected field in Beijing was from the middle of August to the middle of February in the next year.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 22-27 [
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Studies on Plantlet Rooting of Chinese Cabbage—Cabbage Monosomic Alien Addition Lines
ZHANG Wei-wei;;LI Xiao-feng;LUO Shuang-xia;ZHAO Yu-jing;WANG Yan-hua
：With the plantlets of Chinese cabbage〔Brassica compestris L. ssp. pekinensis（Lour）Olsson〕—cabbage（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）monosomic alien addition lines as materials, comparison of rooting rate and transplanting survival rate among different monosomic alien addition lines and effect of NAA content in 1/2 MS medium on the root induction were conducted in this paper. The result showed that monosomic alien addition lines AA+C1, AA+C2, AA+C3, AA+C4, AA+C5, and AA+C6 had higher rooting and transplanting survival rate, whereas the rate were much lower for the AA+C7, AA+C8 and AA+C9, adding 1.5 mg?L-1 NAA in 1/2 MS could effectively induce the root initiation and raise the transplanting survival frequency of monosomic alien addition lines AA+C7, AA+C8 and AA+C9.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 28-32 [
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33
Cytology Studies on Anther Development of Male Sterile Materials‘Ms2008076’in Cabbage
GENG Qing-lin;REN Xue-song;LI Cheng-qiong*
Microscopic observations on anther development process of male sterile materials‘Ms2008076’in cabbage（Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.）showed that‘Ms2008076’anther development was hindered at the stage of pollen mother cell differentiation. The main characteristic is that the tapetal cells developed abnormally and pollen mother cell de-gradated rapidly to disintegrate with the ultimate result that the anthers were abortive absolutely.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 33-37 [
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38
Analysis of Combining Ability and Heritability of Germination Rate in Pod of Chinese Cabbage（Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis）
ZHANG Yao-wei;QU Chun-qiu;SUN Mei-ling
According to GriffingⅢ, 30 crosses involving 6 inbred lines were made to analyze the combining ability and heritability of germination rate in the pod of Chinese cabbage（Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis）. The results showed that the variance of specific combining ability was equal to that of the general combining ability. The germination rate in pod was affected by its parent genetic basis. It was controlled both by gene additive effect and non-additive effect and was influenced both by nuclear gene and cytoplasmic gene with less broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability. But it was more affected by environmental conditions. We suggested that early generation selection should be done according to phenotype within expanded group of plants.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 38-41 [
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42
Analysis on Major Gene and Polygene Inheritance of Maturity Traits in Summer Squash
CHEN Feng-zhen
Six generations（P1, P2, F1, BC1, BC2 and F2）derived from 2 crosses q-1×23-4G（cross 1）and q-1×A-7（cross 2）were used to investigate inheritance of the 1st node female flower and early flowering date in the summer squash（Cucurbita pepo L.）by using major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model. The results showed that the 1st node female flower was controlled by D-2 model and the early flowering date was controlled by B-1 model. Genetic effects of the 1st node female flower of 2 crosses were mainly additive effect of major gene. But additive effect and additive × dominant epitasis effect mainly played role on early flowering date of 2 crosses. Early flowering date of cross 1 was mainly controlled by additive effect of the second major gene. Heritability values of environmental effect were relatively higher on the 1st node female flower and the early flowering date. These results indicated that directional selection should be effective on the 1st node female flower, but selection for early flowering date characteristics should be carried out on high separated generations.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 42-48 [
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49
Studiesy on Geographic Divergence of Lagenaria siceraria ssp. asiatica Based on 5.8S rDNA and ITS Sequence Data
ZHOU Xian-zhi;CHEN Yan;CHEN Sheng;WU Yu-fen;ZHAO Yi-jie
The geographic divergence of the Lagenaria siceraria ssp. asiatica were examined using ITS1+5.8S rDNA+ITS2 sequences data. The sequences were obtained from 23 species of L. siceraria ssp. asiatica from China, Thailand and Japan. The results showed that within L. siceraria ssp. asiatica, ITS1+5.8S rDNA+ITS2 was 611-627 bp, the G+C content of the sequences was 54.17 %- 63.26 %, 65 informative sites（11.09 %）within L. siceraria ssp. asiatica are found in the ITS1+5.8S rDNA+ITS2 sequences. The length of the ITS1+5.8S rDNA+ITS2 sequences of 2 species from Japan is shorter than the other 21 species from China and Thailand, the G+C content of the sequences of the 2 species from Japan is lower than those from China and Thailand. Finally we constructed the strict consensus tree of 23 species of L. siceraria ssp. asiatica indicated that L. siceraria ssp. asiatica has two main prophylactic glades, one including 2 species from Japan, and the other including 20 species from China and 1 species from Thailand. The bootstrap value is 99 %. Test of the homogeneity of substitution patterns revealed that the species of L. siceraria ssp. asiatica from Japan are significantly different from those from China and Thailand.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 49-53 [
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54
Preliminary Report about Effects of Cucumber Grafted with Different Double Rootstocks on Growth, Yield and Wax Powders Characters
ANG Tie-chen;WANG Hai-rong;ZHAO Shi-chun;LI Hong-ling;CHI Mei-na;WANG Shi-kai
This experiment chose 3 kinds of pumpkin（black seed pumpkin, brown seeds pumpkin, white seed pumpkin）as cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）root stocks. Each 2 of them were combined as cucumber rootstocks. Cucumber plant growth, yield and wax powder characteristics were studied. The results indicated that, compared with self-rooted cucumber seedlings, the growth and yield of the cucumber grafted with double root stocks was obviously strengthened. But the yield diversity showed different compared with cucumber grafted with single root stock. The yield of the cucumber grafted with white and black seed pumpkin was much higher than the others, significantly higher than the cucumber grafted with black seed pumpkin or white seed pumpkin single root stock. The yield of cucumber grafted with black seed pumpkin and brown seeds pumpkin was significantly higher than the cucumber grafted with single brown seeds pumpkin root stock, but there was no significantly difference compared with the cucumber grafted with single black seed pumpkin root stock. There was no significantly difference between the yield of cucumber grafted with double root stocks which were brown seeds pumpkin and white seeds pumpkin and the cucumber grafted with single brown seeds pumpkin or white seeds pumpkin root stock. The influence on the cucumber surface wax powder was obvious different between the 3 kinds of pumpkin root stocks, black seed pumpkin had no de-waxing powder ability, brown seeds pumpkin had stronger de-waxing powder ability, while color of the cucumber grafted with brown seeds was bright green, without wax powder and it was a good merchandise. The wax powder influence on cucumber grafted with double rootstocks lies between the cucumbers grafted with 2 single rootstocks, and tends to the heavier wax powder root stock.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 54-57 [
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Detection of Phytophthora Capsici from Pepper Seeds by Selective Medium
JIANG Hou-chun;;LV Guo-hua*;SHI Yan-xia;XIE Xue-wen;LI Bao-ju*
A selective medium contained Pimaricin 10 mg, Ampicillin 250 mg, Rifampicin 10 mg, PCNB 100 mg, Hymexazol 100 mg, Carbendazim 10 mg can effectively inhibit the development of Fusarium sp. et al. In this paper, Phytophthora capsici was successfully isolated from pepper seeds that had been kept for 1, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 days with the selective medium，and the separation rate was 2 % on the 120th.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 58-61 [
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Effects of Different Light Emitting Diode Sources on Growth and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Garlic Seedling
YANG Xiao-jian;LIU Shi-qi*;ZHANG Zi-kun;LIU Zhong-liang;MA Lin;ZHANG Yu
This paper studied on the effects of different light qualities on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of garlic（Allium sativum L.）seedling. Red light, blue light, red+blue（R+B）light generated by light-emitting diode were applied, and white light generated by fluorescent lamps was used as control. Effects of different light qualities on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of garlic seedling were significantly different. The height, diameter, length of pseudo stem and value of dry weight to fresh weight were the highest under red light, whereas contents of chorophyll（a+b）and carotenoid were the highest under white light treatment. The photosynthetic rate（Pn）, transpiration rate（Tr）and stomatal conductance（Gs）were the biggest under red light, while intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci）was highest under white light. The fluorescence parameters were significantly affected by light quality. Values of the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（Fv/Fm）and Fv/Fo were the highest under red+blue（R+B）light, quantum yield of PSⅡ（ΦPSⅡ）was the highest under white light, but there was no significant difference between white and red light. The Pn of garlic seedling were significantly increased under red light, thus the growth and dry matter were also significantly increased.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 62-67 [
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The Nutrient Characteristics of Ginger and Effect of Different K Level on Ginger Yield and Soil Fertility
ZHENG Fu-li;JIANG Li-hua;TAN De-shui;GAO Xin-hao;LIN Hai-tao;XU Yu;SONG Xiao-zong;LIU Zhao-hui*
Field experiment was conducted to study ginger（Zingiber officinale Rosc.）nutrient characteristics, yield and soil fertility by different K fertilizer levels. The results showed that ginger nutrient absorption amount was firstly for K. Ginger must absorb N 6.1 kg, P2O5 2.36 kg and K2O 9.4 kg from soil, if its root-stem yield was 1 000 kg. The yield for K3 treatment was the highest, but there was no significant difference in yields between K2 treatment and K3 treatment. We could obtain by linear equation of yield and fertilization that K fertilization for the highest yield was 900 kg?hm-2. Considering the effects of different K levels on nutrient absorption and soil fertility, the optimal fertilizer rate was K2O 750-900 kg?hm-2, the optimal N and K2O proportion was 4∶5-4∶6.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 68-72 [
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73
Nutritional Quality Analysis of Different Burdock Varieties Roots
HE Hu-yi;GAN Xiu-qin;LU Liu-ying;WEI Ben-hui*
The correlative analysis on nutritional components of different burdock（Arctium lappa L.）varieties were conducted in Guangxi. The results indicated that the crude protein contents of‘Baijidachang’and‘Dihuangzaosheng’were the highest, which were 2.48 % and 2.47 %, respectively. The starch contents of‘Dongjingbaiji’and‘Baijidachang’were the highest, which were 28.06 % and 26.98 %, respectively. The crude fat contents of‘Dongjinglixiang’and‘Liuchuanlixiang’were the highest, the crude fibre content of‘Dongjinglixiang’was the highest, the Ca contents of‘Dongjingbaiji’and‘Liuchuanlixiang’were the highest and the Fe contents of‘Dongjinglixiang’was the highest. The comprehensive nutritional quality of‘Baijidachang’was the best according to analysis of various index.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 73-75 [
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Effects of Vermicompost on Quality and Yield of Watermelon
ZHANG Ning;REN Ya-li;SHI Qing-hua*;WANG Xiu-feng;WEI Min;YANG Feng-juan
The effects of vermicompost in different volume ratios on watermelon〔Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.）Matsum. et Nakai〕yield and quality were studied. The results showed that the additional vermicompost could significantly increase available N, available P, available K, organic matter contents in soil, and increase the contents of N, P, K in watermelon plants and fruit. The concentrations of fructose, glucose, sucrose, VC, lycopene, and soluble protein were also enhanced. The fruit quality was improved and its yield was remarkably heightened. But the effect of treatment was greatly depended on the applying ratio of vermicompos. In this experiment, treatment with 50 % vermicompost showed the best results, and the full vermicompost treatment had less effect than that of 50 % treatment. But it was still better than other treatments.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 76-79 [
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Screening and Nutritional Quality Analysis of Lycium chinense Miller Cultivar
WANG Feng-bao;FU Jin-feng;DONG Li-feng;WANG Wei-wei
In order to screen new Lycium chinense Miller cultivar directly used in production, general survey, gathering and selecting for wild Lycium resources at foot of Yan Mountain and Bohai Bay were carried out. And their yield, stress resistance, disease resistance, medical value and nutritional quality were identified. An excellent germplasm‘Changxuan No.1’was screened. The yield of‘Changxuan No.1’was 9.5 % higher than that of the control‘Ningqicai No.1’. The total contents of protein, amino acid and essential amino acid were increased by 23.0 %, 5.6 % and 8.4 %, respectively than that of the control. The contents of flavone, Se, Zn and Fe were increased by 21.4 %, 150.0 %, 75.4 % and 11.2 %, respectively than that of the control.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 80-83 [
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Effect of Different Male-flower Picking Time and Storage Temperature on Melon Pollen Viability
ZHANG Yong-ping;YANG Shao-jun;CHEN You-yuan*
Taking 3 stable inbred-lines of melon（Cucumis melon L.）as experimental material, we studied the effects of different male-flower picking time and storage temperature on their pollen viabilities. The results indicated that the pollen viabilities of 3 melon cultivars were the best at 8：00 am and then decreased gradually as time extended. Under low temperature of 4 ℃, the pollen viability could maintain in good condition and as time flew, it also drop down. But pollen viabilities and retaining times of different melon cultivars were different.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 84-86 [
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A New Pink Tomato F1 Hybrid Resistant or Tolerant to TYLCV —‘Keda No. 204’
SONG Jian-jun;AI Peng-fei;LI Zhen-xia;QIU Yan;LI Min
‘Keda No.204’is a new mid-early maturity tomato F1 hybrid, developed by crossing TP025-2 as female parent with 869-1（contain resistance gene Ty-1）as male parent. It is a variety with indeterminate growth. Its first inflorescence is setting at 7-8 leaf nods. The matured fruits are oblate in shape and pink in color without green shoulder, and the average single fruit weight is 216.1 g with moderate firmness. Its VC content is 158.6 mg?kg-1 and lycopene content is 46.5 mg?kg-1. It is resistant or tolerant to TYLCV. The average yield was 105.0 t?hm-2 in greenhouse, and it can be cultivated in northern areas suffering from TYLCV.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 87-90 [
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A New Cabbage F1 Hybrid —‘Zhegan 85'
ZHONG Xin-min;LI Bi-yuan;WANG Wu-hong;YUE Zhi-chen
‘Zhegan 85’is a new cabbage F1 hybrid bred by crossing S04-G01 as female parent and S05-SXGL as male parent. It is a mid-late maturing variety, taking about 85 days from transplanting to harvest. The round head is compact and tough in structure which makes it a long shelf life. Its leaf head is 20 cm in height, 20-22 cm in diameter, with a short core of 6-8 cm in length. The head weight is about 2.4 kg. It has resistance to TuMV and black rot. Its yield is about 75 t?hm-2. Consequently, it is suitable to be cultivated in the Yangtze River valley, north China, south China, and southwest China.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 91-92 [
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A New Spring Chinese Cabbage F1 Hybrid —‘Fuchun No.1’
FANG Shu-gui;CHEN Wen-hui;ZENG Xiao-ling;ZHONG Kai-qin
‘Fuchun No.1’is a new spring Chinese cabbage bred by crossing self incompatible line（yao×jian×jing）-3 with self incompatible line Chundaqiang-6. It has middle early maturity and is tolerant to immaturity bolting. Its growing period is about 75 days. Its plant is semi-upright type. Its head shape is short cylindrical with overlapping and slight yellow inter leaves. Its head weight is about 2-3 kg with 28 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter. The net product ratio is 75 %. Its net yield is about 57.0-64.5 t?hm-2. It was suitable for cultivation in winter and spring in Fujian Province.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 93-94 [
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A New Coriander Variety —‘Hayanyouye’
LI Ye;YU Qing-tao;LUI Yu-na;BI Guo-zhi;FAN Shao-zhu;LI Jing-fu*
‘Hayanyouye’is separated from an America coriander variety—‘Meiguodayouye’. It was developed by system breeding method. It has gone through 5 generations of selectively breeding from year 2001-2005. This new breed has the following advantages: early maturity, high production, heat-resistant, tolerant to cold. The plant height is 25-30 cm, development is 20 cm. Its leaf is large with dark green color. The leaf blade is smooth with glossy surfaces. It has luster blue-green petiole, and thick stem. The root is strong with few textile fiber and strong fragrance. It has good compatibility. Under normal condition it takes about 35 days from seedling to harvesting. It is tolerant to transportation and has good commercial value. It is suitable for cultivation in North of China.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 95-96 [
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A New Early Maturing Watermelon Hybrid —‘Tianjiao No.3’
LI Xiao-hui;XU Xiao-li;CHANG Gao-zheng;ZHAO Wei-xing;YANG Fan
‘Tianjiao No.3’is a new watermelon F1 hybrid with early maturity. It was developed by crossing YQ-6 as female parent and YJ-5 as male parent. Its growing period is 97 days and fruit developing period is 28 days. It grows vigorously and the first fruit is set at 7th nodes. Its fruit is easily setting. The fruit has round shape and green skin with deep green narrow stripes. The fruit riud is about 1.0 cm thick. The red flesh is crisp and the center soluble solid content is 12.0 %. The average fruit weight is about 5.2 kg and the average yield is about 57 t?hm-2. It can be grown in open fields in most areas of China.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 97-99 [
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A New Early Maturing Pumpkin F1 Hybrid —‘Hongyang Pumpkin’
YIN Guo-xiang;ZHANG Huan-chun;LIU Xue-qing;XIA Xiu-bo;WANG Rong;WANG Quan-hua
‘Hongyang pumpkin’is a new early maturing pumpkin F1 hybrid, cross-bred by taking Y-3-7-9-2-11 as female parent and Y-5-1-9 as male parent. It has early maturity, and grows vigorously. The first female flower usually sets on the 6-8 node. It takes 40 days from flowering to harvesting and 102 days from sowing to harvesting. The fruit is round and flat, with light salmon pink and fine appearance. It has orange flesh with 3.0 cm in depth and sweet taste with chest nut flavor. It has higher resistant to powdery mildew and virus disease than‘Hongmi pumpkin’. The average fruit weight is about 1.5 kg. Its yield is 45-60 t?hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in open and protected filed in spring.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 100-101 [
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A New Cucumber F1 Hybrid —‘Jiza 16’
ZHAO Fu–shun;ZHANG Zhi-ying;Tan Ke*;CUI Chang-hui;LI Xin-mei;LIU Jing-li;GENG Wei
‘Jiza 16’is a new F1 hybrid Huanan cucumber. It’s female parent is 01104-1-2-0-0，male parent is 02-196-1-1-1-m-m-m. It takes about 55 days from sowing to harvesting. It grows vigorously, and has middle size leaves and well developed root system. The plant height is 380 cm and vine thickness is 0.95 cm. The average fruit length is 20-25 cm. The single fruit weight is 150-210 g. It has higher resistant to downy mildew than‘Hei 291’in the field. Its average yield is 95.0 t?hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in protected fields in Jilin Province.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 102-103 [
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A New Cucumber F1 Hybrid —‘Jinyou No.48’
YANG Rui-huan;LI Shu-ju;WANG Hui-zhe;GUAN Wei
‘Jinyou No.48’is a new cucumber F1 hybrid bred from crossing elite inbred line P-1 and D59-1-1. The plants has middle growth vigor. Its leaf is green. It bears fruits mainly in main stem with high fruit-setting rate. Its fruit is dark green in color, tender and crisp with good quality. The fruit is about 35 cm in length and the single fruit is about 230 g in weight. The fruit neck is less than 1/7 of the fruit length. The fruit cavity is below 1/2 fruit diameter. It is resistant to fusarium wilt, downy mildew, powdery mildew and CMV. It can yield 90 t?hm-2. It is suitable for open field cultivation in spring or plastic tunnel in fall.
2011 Vol. 1 (6): 104-106 [
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